GROSS ANATOMY BASIC ANATOMY Mikhail Ness M. Buhay, MD BASIC ANATOMY • Anatomy is the science of the structure and function of the body. • Clinical anatomy is the study of the macroscopic structure and function of the body as it relates to the practice of medicine and other health sciences. • Basic anatomy is the study of the minimal amount of anatomy consistent with the understanding of the overall structure and function of the body. DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Median Sagittal Plane • Vertical plane passing through the center of the body dividing it into equal left and right halves • Planes situated to on or the other side of the median plane and parallel to it are termed paramedian • Medial - situated near the median plane of the body • Lateral - lies farther away from the median DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Horizontal/Transverse Planes • Right angles to both the median the coronal planes • Anterior and posterior - front and back • Hand ▸ Palmar - anterior ▸ Dorsal - posterior • Foot ▸ Plantar - lower surface ▸ Dorsal - upper surface DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Proximal and Distal • Used to describe relative distances from the roots of the limbs • Example: the arm is proximal to the forearm and the hand is distal to the forearm DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Superficial and Deep • Denote the relative distances of structures from the surface of the body • Superficial – toward or at the body surface • Deep – away from the body surface DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Internal and external • Used to described the relative distance of a structure from the center of an organ of cavity DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Ipsilateral • same side of the body • (example: the left hand and the left foot is ipsilateral) • Contralateral • opposite sides of the body • (example: the left biceps brachii muscle and the right rectus femoris muscle) DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Supine - lying on the back • Prone - lying face downward DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Coronal Planes • Imaginary vertical planes at right angles to the median plane • Divides the body into two sections: front and back DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Joint • A site where to or more bones come together • (example: superior tibiofibular joint - only slight movement; shoulder joint - freely movable) DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Flexion • Movement that takes place in a sagittal plane • Usually an anterior movement • Posterior movement - knee joint • Extension • Straightening the joint • Takes place in a posterior direction • Lateral Flexion • Movement of the trunk in the coronal plane DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Abduction • Movement of the limb away from the midline of the body in the coronal plane • Spreading of the fingers and toes • Adduction • Movement of the limb toward the body in the coronal plane • Drawing together the fingers and toes DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Rotation • movement of a part of a body around its long axis • Medial rotation • movement that results in the anterior surface of the part facing medially • Lateral rotation • movement that results in the anterior surface of the part facing laterally DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Pronation of the Forearm • Medial rotation of the forearm • Palm of the hand faces posteriorly • Supination of the Forearm • Lateral rotation of the forearm from the pronated position • Palm of the hand comes to face anteriorly DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Circumduction • The combination in sequence of the movements of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Protraction & Retraction • Protraction - move forward • Retraction - move backward • Used to describe the forward and backward movement of the jaw at the temporomandibular joints DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY TERMS Terms Related to Position • Inversion • Movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a medial direction • Eversion • Opposite movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a lateral direction THANK YOU!
