ART, ELEMENTS, AND THE
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
CHAPTER 2 (ART APPRECIATION)
INSTRUCTOR: JOHN FRANCIS M. VALLEJOS
When you as an artist create artwork, the principles of
design become very important to it. They are the
devices that you need to use and will unknowingly use
since they make your images look nicer and become
more visually appealing to people who are looking at
your work.
LESSONS
Lesson 1: The Artist and the Artisan
Lesson 2: The Elements of Art and Principles of Design
Lesson 1: ARTIST vs ARTISAN
Differentiate an artist from an artisan
Mediums and Techniques used by an Artist
Appreciate some of the Filipinos across different fields of
arts by identifying the GAMABA awardees
Lesson 1: ARTIST vs ARTISAN
What is an artist?
An artist is a person who performs all forms of creative
arts. The specialty of an artist is that he is able to create art for
the sake of art itself without needing any ulterior motives. It is
believed that through art, the artist can create a change in the
society.
RENOWNED
ARTISTS
Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto
(b. 1892, d. 1972) was the Philippines’ first National Artist and is officially recognized
as the “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art”. Renowned for his trademark luminosity and
ability to render the iconic provincial Filipina, Amorsolo’s paintings usually feature
scenes in glowing rural landscapes--- such as farmers ankle-deep in rice fields, women
in colorful baro’t sayas sorting through mangoes, and vibrant society portraits.
ARTIST vs ARTISAN
An artist is not an artisan, and vice versa
An artisan is a worker who practices a trade or a craft. It
is synonymous to a craftsman. During the middle ages,
artisans organized themselves into guilds which have different
specializations such as shoemakers, textiles and glassworkers,
carpenters, carvers, masons, armors, and weapon makers, etc.
Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an association structured with
rules, customs, rights, and responsibilities.
With a lifetime commitment to a particular trade, an artisan develops
immense skills and expertise in his craft. A master artisan or craftsman
would then be open to hiring apprentices who would be under his
tutelage and instruction.
ARTIST vs ARTISAN
WHAT IS THEIR DIFFERENCE?
An artist is dedicated only to the creative side, making
visually pleasing work only for the enjoyment and appreciation of
the viewer, but with no functional value.
An artisan is essentially a manual worker who makes items
with his or her hands, and who through skill, experience , and
talent can create things of great beauty as well as being
functional.
ARTIST vs ARTISAN
Characteristics
Aesthetic Value
Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated
for this quality as it pleases the individual.
Artisan: The object has certain aesthetic attributes to it.
ARTIST vs ARTISAN
Characteristics
Functional Value
Artist: The object has no functional value.
Artisan: The object has certain functional value.
MEDIUMs and TECHNIQUES
of an Artist
A medium is the material used by an artist to express his/her
feelings or thoughts.
Pigment in painting
Sounds in music
Stone or Wood or metals in
sculpture
Body movements in dance
Various building materials in
architecture
Based on Medium, the Arts are classified:
1.Visual Arts - the mediums can be SEEN and which occupy SPACE.
Categories:
a. Two-dimensional arts (2D) such as painting, drawing,
photography, etc.
b. Three-dimensional arts (3D) such as sculpture, architecture,
landscaping, etc.
2. Auditory Arts or Time Arts - the mediums can be HEARD and
which are expressed in TIME such as music and literature.
3. Combined Arts - mediums can be both seen and heard and
which exist both in Space and Time. These are Dance, Drama,
Opera, Movies. Along with music, they are also known as
Performing Arts.
The Artist and His Mediums
 Artist gives shapes to his vision, his first thought is
what medium to employ.
 There are no fix rules in choosing materials.
 Choice of materials is influenced by practical considerations such as



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availability of materials to use
The nature and special characteristics of the medium itself
The artist select the medium he can handle well
Budget or cost
Technique is the manner in which the artist controls his
medium to achieve the desired effect.
Poet’s technique is putting words together to express an emotion or narrate
story; convey/deliver message.
Pianist’s techniques is his skill in handling the instrument and in interpreting
a music composition.
Techniques varies from one artist to another
Some Techniques of Artist (Visual Arts)
1 Encaustic - the medium for the powdered color is hot wax which is painted onto a
wood surface with a brush. It is then smoothed with a metal instrument resembling a
spoon, and then blended and set over a flame to soften and set the colors of the wood.
2. Fresco Secco - pigments are usually mixed with water,
although other substances might also be used. The paint is
then applied to a dry plaster.
A Fresco-secco wall painting in St Just in Penwith Parish
Church, Cornwall, UK. The painting was created in the
15th century and depicts Saint George fighting the
dragon.
3. Buon Fresco - entails painting on freshly spread, moist
plaster. The painting must be done rapidly and without
mistakes (unlike in Fresco Secco)
Creation of Adam by Michael Angelo
4. Egg Tempera -the pigment is mixed with egg yolk or both the yolk
and white of an egg, then thinned with water.
5. Mosaic - the design is created by small pieces of colored glass,
stone, or ceramic, embedded in wet mortar which has been spread
over the surface to be decorated. This was often used to decorate
walls, floors, and ceilings.
Bird mosaic
Mosaic of the Byzantine Emperor
Justinian the Great, from the
San Vitale Cathedral in Ravenna.
6. Oil Painting - powdered colors are mixed with fine oil, usually
linseed oil.
Rembrandt: Isaac and Rebecca
Frances Anne Hopkins: Canoe Manned by Voyageurs
Passing a Waterfall
7. Water Color - is a painting technique in which the paints are
made of pigments suspended in a water-based solution.
Anna Baker: Bahay Kubo
8. Acrylic Painting
Acrylics are artificial compounds developed in the
twentieth century. These paints can create most of the
effects accomplished in oils , and have the advantage
of not requiring the use of turpentine, which is toxic.
Many modern artists prefer to use acrylics.
Fernando Amorsolo - Portrait of a Lady
9. Collage
The word “collage” comes from the French verb “coller”, meaning “to
paste”. In this technique, photographs, news clippings, or other objects are
pasted on the painting surface.
Picasso collage - Bottle of Vieux Marc, Glass, Guitar, and
Newspaper
10. Drawing
drawing, the art or technique of producing images on a surface,
usually paper, by means of marks, usually of ink, graphite,
chalk, charcoal, pastels, or crayon.
Rosalba Carriera: A Young
Lady with a Parrot
Rembrandt: The Three Trees
The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award
GAMABA
In April 1992, the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the
National Living Treasures Award was institutionalized through
Republic Act No. 7355. Tasked with the administration and
implementation of the Award is the National Commission for
Culture and the Arts, the highest policy-making and coordinating
body for culture and the arts of the State. The NCCA, through the
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Executive Council, conducts the
search for the finest traditional artists of the land, adopts a
program that will ensure the transfer of their skills to others, and
undertakes measures to promote a genuine appreciation of and
instill pride among our people about the genius of the Manlilikha
ng Bayan.
As a group, these folk and traditional artists reflect the
diverse heritage and cultural traditions that transcend their
beginnings to become part of our national character. As
Filipinos, they bring age-old customs, crafts, and ways of living
to the attention and appreciation of Filipino Life. They provide
us with a vision of ourselves and of our nation, a vision we
might be able to realize someday, once we are given the
opportunity to be true to ourselves as these artists have
remained truthful to their art. They are our national Living
Treasures.
HOW DOES ONE BECOME A MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN?
To become a Manlilikha ng Bayan, an individual or group candidate must:
1.Possess a mastery of tools and materials needed for the traditional,
folk art and be a maker of works of extraordinary technical quality;
2. Have consistently produced works of superior quality over
significant period;
3. Have engaged in a traditional and folk art which has been in
existence and documented for at least fifty (50) years;
4. Command respect and inspire admiration of the country with his
character and integrity;
5. Must have transferred and/or willing to transfer to other
members of the community the skills in the traditional and folk arts
for which the community has become nationally known.
6. However, a candidate who, due to age or infirmity, has left
him/her/them incapable of teaching further his/her/their craft, may
still be recognized provided that he/she/they must possess the
qualifications as enumerated above.
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS AND PRIVILEGES OF AN AWARDEE?
1. The rank and title of Manlilikha ng Bayan, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines in
accordance with Executive Order No. 236 or Honors Code of the Philippines;
2. The GAMABA gold-plated medallion minted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and
citation;
3. A lifetime emolument and materials and physical benefits comparable in value to those
received by the highest officers of the land such as:
1. A minimum cash award of Two Hundred Thousand Pesos (Php 200,000.00), net of taxes.
2. A minimum lifetime personal monthly stipend of Fifty Thousand Pesos (Php 50,000.00).
3. Medical and hospitalization benefits not exceeding Php 750,000.00 per year.
4. A state funeral, the arrangements for and the expenses of which shall be borne by the
Government, upon the death of the Manlilikha ng Bayan; and
5. A place of honor, in line with protocol precedence, in state functions, national
commemoration ceremonies and all other cultural presentations.
1. DARHATA SAWABI
Textile Weaver (weaver of Pis Syabit which is
the traditional cloth tapestry worn as a head
cover)
Tausug
Parang, Sulu
2. EDUARDO MUTUC
Metalsmith (dedicated his life to creating religious
and secular art in silver, bronze, and wood)
Kapampangan
Apalit Pampanga
3. HAJA AMINA APPI
A master Mat Weaver
Sama
Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi
4. Alonzo Saclag
Musician and Dancer,
Kalinga
Lubuagan, Kalinga
5. FEDERICO CABALLERO
Epic Chanter
Sulod-Bukidnon
Calinog, Iloilo
*Epic chanting is a popular tradition, characterized by
expressive singing, stylized speech, a repertory of narratives
and gesture, embraces both elite and folk culture.
6. UWANG AHADAS
Musician
Yakan
Lamitan, Basilan
7. LANG DULAY
Textile Weaver
T’boli
Lake Sebu, South Cotabato
8. SALINTA MONON
Textile Weaver
Tagabawa Bagobo
Bansalan, Davao del Sur
9. GINAW BILOG
Poet (Master of Ambahan Poetry)
Hanunuo Mangyan
Panaytayan, Oriental Mindoro
AMBAHAN
The ambahan is the traditional poetry of the Hanunuo
Mangyans of Oriental Mindoro. It is usually written on bamboo
in the Surat Mangyan, a centuries-old pre-Spanish script.
10. MASINO INTARAY
Musician and Storyteller
Pala’wan
Brookes Point, Palawan
Task:
Identify the remaining Six GAMABA AWARDEES
as they will be included in our quiz next meeting