Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Course Module
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Course Module
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
INSTRUCTOR’S PROFILE
DANIEL B. QUIAPO,JR., MAED
Facebook: Daniel Jun Quiapo
Contact No: 09555740073
Email Address: quiapod708@gmail.com
A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THE INSTRUCTOR
A graduate of BSED major in General Science (Chemistry, Physics and
Biology) and graduate studies in Master of Arts in Education (MAED).
He completed the Specialization course in FORENSIC SCIENCE in
Chemistry and Toxicology at the Professional Academy of the Philippines,
Naga, Cebu City.
And also, holder of the Trainers Methodology Certificate (TMC) Level 1
Certified by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
(TESDA).
College Instructor from 1997 up to present, a School Administrator,
and member of Board of Trustees at Yllana Bay View College, Inc.
Course Module
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
My Dear Students,
Good day! Peace be with you always.
I hope everyone is fine despite of our sacrifice for this pandemic
time. We are all affected but never the less life must go on. Let
us work hand in hand for our dreams and a brighter future.
This coursework was made for you to learn more about General
Organic Chemistry. It will help widen your knowledge in the said
field. Just make sure that you don’t miss any part of the learning
materials and activities. Accomplish all the requirements to
complete the course. Be careful to follow directions and read.
We are going to have a lot of fun as your journey towards success
and I hope that you will learn more through to this coursework as
we embrace the new normal. Just think that this semester would be
a very exciting adventure. Just enjoy and keep on learning!
Stay safe and God bless!
Truly yours,
Daniesl B. Quiapo,Jr.E
Course Module
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cont
ents
Page
Number
i
Ii
i
I
V
Cover page
Teacher’s Profile
Preface/Letter to the Students
Table of Contents
Course Outline
WEEK 1-WEEK 3
Module 1: Introduction to General (Organic) Chemistry
FIRST PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
WEEK 4- WEEK 6
Module 2: Introduction to organic Chemistry
SECOND PRELIMINARY EXAMIMINATION
WEEK 7 – WEEK8
Module 3: Chemical Bonds
WEEK 9- WEEK 10
Module 4. Chemical Reactions
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
WEEK 11
Module 5. Organic Compounds
WEEK 12- WEEK 13
Module 6. Reaction of Organic Compounds
SEMI- FINAL EXAMINATION
WEEK 14 – WEEK 15
Module 7. Vitamins and Minerals
WEEK 16
Module 8 Physical Evidence – Body Fluids and Other Substances
WEEK 17
Module 9 Physical Evidance – Chemical Residues in the Crime Scene
WEEK 18
Module 10 DNA and Toxicology
FINAL EXAMINATION
Course Module
1-9
10-12
13-27
28-32
36-41
42-46
47-50
51-55
56-60
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
YLLANA BAY VIEW COLLEGE
“The builder of future Leader”
Enerio St. Balangasan Dist., Pagadian City
COURSE OUTLINE
Daniel B. Quiapo,Jr.MAED
Course
Facilitator
Course Code ADGE General (Organic) Chemistry
and Title
General Chemistry
Course
Prerequisite
This course is designed to provide better understanding in the general
Course
chemistry
that focus on the organic chemistry field, understanding on the
Description
basic chemical process and the reaction. It also tend to understand the
organic molecules and the hydrocarbon bonds.
Course
At the end of the entire course, the students are expected
Objectives
to;
1. Use the scientific method in the identification and
understanding of the biomolecules, chemical process and
reaction;
2. Understand clearly the hydrocarbons.
3. Apply the chemical principles
problem; and
in the solution of the
4. Prepare individuals to become a well prepared and informed
Forensic Expert and Investigator.
SCHOOL
VISION
MISSION
The attainment of quality education and The Yllana Bay View College, Inc. is
academic excellence to produce a well-rounded committed as a steward of excellent service
individual.
and quality education with utmost dedication
and commitment especially to the less
fortunate students.
Course Module
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
DEPARTMENT
VISION
MISSION
The realization of better Criminal Justice The College of Criminal Justice Education is
Education in preparation to quality law dedicated to produce professional in of law
enforcement service.
enforcement practice who are not just locally
updated on security and police principles but
globally competitive.
Time Frame
Flexible
Learning
Week
Week 1
FIRST PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION (WEEK 1-4)
Intermittent Teaching & Offline Learning Modalities
(Combination of Face-to- Face, Online Class and Home Learning Module)
Intermittent and Offline Course
Topics (Input)
General Class and Course
Orientation
1. Discuss Course Outline,
Requirements (Outputs), and
ClassroomProtocols
Distribute CourseModule
1. Get Oriented About the
Course, Its Requirements, and
Classroom Protocols
2. Receive Course Packet
Answer Self Assessment
in Module 1
MODULE 1
Introduction
Chemistry
(Output)
to
General
https://bit.ly/3j4YycA
https://bit.ly/3j4YycA
End of Week 1
MODULE 2
Week 2
Introduction to organic
Chemistry
https://bit.ly/3j4YycA
Answer Self Assessment
in Module 2
https://bit.ly/3j4YycA
End of Week 2
MODULE 3
Week 3
Answer Laboratory Activity
No. 1.
1st Preliminary
Examination
End of Week 3
Time Frame
Course Module
SECOND PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION (WEEK 4-6)
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
Week 4
Answer Laboratory
Activity No. 2,3&4
End of Week 4
MODULE 4
Week 5
https://bit.ly/2YqiyhO
https://bit.ly/32naHDb
Answer Self Assessment
No. 1 in Module 4
End of Week 5
nd
Week 6
2
Preliminary
Examination
End of Week 6
Time Frame
MIDTERM EXAMINATION (WEEK 7-12)
Week 7
End of Week 7
MODULE 5
Week 8
https://bit.ly/31rRaSR
https://bit.ly/3aR7XS9
Answer Self Assessment
No.5 in Module5
End of Week8
Week 9
5
Answer Laboratory activities
No.8&9
Week 10
Week 11
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
MODULE 6
End of Week 9
End of Week 10
Answer Self Assessment
No.6 in Module 6
https://bit.ly/3l9EdVn
End of Week 11
Time Frame
Week 12
Week 13
SEMI-FINAL EXAMINATION (WEEK 13-16)
MODULE 7
Answer the Self Assessment
in Module 7
https://bit.ly/32hytQR
Perform Laboratory Activity 13& 14
MODULE 8 https://bit.ly/31kLqdq
Perform Laboratory Activities
15&16
End of Week 12
Answer Self Assessment
in Module 8
Answer Laboratory Activities 15&16
End of Week 13
Week 14
MODULE 9
Course Module
Answer Self Assessment
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
in Module 9
https://bit.ly/31kLqdq
Perform Laboratory Activities
No. 17&18
Week 15
Time Frame
Week 16
Semi-final Examination
FINAL EXAMINATION (WEEK 17-20)
End of Week 14
End of Week 15
MODULE 10
https://bit.ly/2QiAPJx
End of Week 16
Week 17
MODULE 11
Answer Self Assessment in Module 11
https://bit.ly/3glAQqU
Week 18
Course Module
Final Examination
End of Week 17
End of Week 18
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
This course ADGE General (Organic) Chemistry, provide
students the skills and the knowledge of scientific
criminal investigation, in the understanding of
chemical reaction and the identification of
biomolecules and hydrocarbons.
At the end of this course, you should be able to:
a. Discuss the introduction of general chemistry such
as the understanding of the following;
1.
2.
3.
4.
Adopt the scientific methods
Hydrocarbons
Biomolecules
Chemical reaction
Your course will run for 18 weeks of Flexible Learning
System which is a combination of face-to face learning
session. -face clas
Course Module
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
MODULE 1
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
Introduction to General Chemistry
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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•
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1.1.
Trace the origin of chemistry;
Cite some branches of chemistry;
Discuss the steps of scientific methods;
Differentiate fact, scientific hypothesis, scientific theory and scientific law;
Discuss variables to consider in conducting scientific investigation;
Explain why a knowledge of chemistry is central to many human activities;
Explain the different tasks of a chemist;
Cite the relevance of chemistry in a variety of careers and opportunities; and
Discuss recent technological applications of chemistry.
The Origins of Chemistry: Where It All Began
The earliest attempts to explain natural phenomena led to fanciful inventions – to
myths and fantasies – but not to understanding. Around 600 B.C., a group of Greek
philosophers became dissatisfied with these myths. Stimulated by social and cultural
changes as well as curiosity, they began to ask questions about the world around them.
They were able to discover basic truths of nature by thinking things through
experiments. The years between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C. are called the “Golden Age of
Philosophy”.
Some of the Greek philosophers believed they could find a single substance from
which everything else was made. Thales believed that it was water and Anaximenes
thought it was air. Empedocles’ idea was that the universe is made of four elements
namely earth, air, fire and water.
The period from 440 B.C and 420 B.C. was known as the age of atomism when
Leucippus and Democritus believed that matter was made of smallest particle which
they called atom, a particle that could not be seen. Two thousand years later scientists
proved that this idea was true.
Chemistry Today
The Greek philosophers continued to search for truth and while they were
studying philosophy and mathematics, the Egyptians were practicing the art of
chemistry. They were mining and purifying the metals gold, silver and copper. They
were making embalming fluids and dyes. They called this art khemia. This Egyptian
word became the Arabic word alkhemia and then the English word alchemy.
Alchemists tried to find the “philosopher’s stone”, a supposed cure for all diseases, and
the “elixir of life” which would prolong life indefinitely. They failed in both attempts but
along the way, they were able to discover acetic acid, nitric acid, ethyl alcohol and
other substances used by chemists today.
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Robert Boyle, the Forerunner of Modern Chemistry
The modern age of Chemistry dawned in 1661 when Robert
Boyle, an English chemist, published his book The Sceptical Chymist. His
idea opposed the alchemists’ belief. Instead he proposed that scientists
must start from basic principles and that theories about the world have
to be proven by a series of experiment. He formulated the law relating
volume and pressure. If Robert Boyle laid down the basic definition of an
element, a French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier laid down the basic
definition for testing whether a substance fitted its definition.
Antoine Lavosier, The Father of Modern Chemistry
Innovative and scientific approaches paved the way for the rapid
development of chemistry. In 1770, Antoine Lavoisier gained wide
recognition when he refuted the then prevalent belief that water is
converted into earth by repeated distillation. By carefully weighing
both the earthy residue and the distilling apparatus, he
demonstrated that the solid matter came from the glass vessels and not from the water.
Speculating on the nature of the traditional four elements—earth, water, air, and fire,
he began to investigate the role of air in combustion. On November 1, 1772, he stated
that when burned sulfur and phosphorus increased in weight because they absorbed
“air”. On the other hand, the metallic lead formed when litharge was heated with
charcoal weighed less than the original litharge because it had lost “air.” He gave
phlogisticated air the name oxygen, or “acid producer” He explained phlogiston theory
as the result of the combination of the burning substance with oxygen. This theory was
later revised and now known as the theory of combustion. On June 25, 1783, he also
explained that water was the product formed by the combination of hydrogen and
oxygen. An English chemist named Henry Cavendish opposed this idea and later was
able to produce quantities of hydrogen, called “inflammable air,” by decomposing
water into its constituent gases. Because of Lavoisier’s findings, chemists tasted the first
sound understanding of the nature of chemical reactions. His experiments paved the
way for the flourishing of modern chemistry. Thus, he became known as the Father of
modern chemistry.
Soon after, chemists like Joseph Priestly, John Dalton, Niels Bohr, Ernest
Rutherford, the Curies and other scientists made new advancements in chemistry. These
advancements led to many distinct branches of chemistry.
Branches of Chemistry
During the 1700s and early 1800s, most chemists believed that there were two
main branches of chemistry: organic and inorganic. These two branches still exist today;
however, the rules governing their classification have changed.
Course Module
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
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•
•
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
Organic Chemistry is the study of the compounds of carbon. This branch of
chemistry is important to the petrochemical, pharmaceutical and textile
industries. All living organisms have traces of carbon.
Inorganic Chemistry is the study of chemical elements and their compounds
except carbon.
Physical Chemistry deals with the relations between the physical properties of
substances and their chemical formations along with their changes.
Biochemistry is a science that fused biology and chemistry. It is concerned with
the composition and chemical reactions that occur in the formation of living
species.
Analytical Chemistry deals mostly with the composition of substances. It seeks to
improve means of measuring chemical composition of natural and artificial
materials. In medicine, this is the basis for clinical laboratory tests for disease
diagnosis. The nutritional value of the food we eat is determined through
chemical analysis. Analytical chemists analyze many household products.
Importance of Chemistry
Chemistry plays a very important role in different areas of life. Some people view
chemistry as a very technical subject that deals with formulas and mind-boggling
computations. This may be true, but if you will try to look at things around you, you will
begin to appreciate its importance. The products of chemistry and technology are
highly useful. For example, when you go to a beauty salon and ask the hair stylist to
straighten or curl your hair, she/he needs to use a correct solution, or else it will not
come out right. Chemistry also plays a very important role in medicine, engineering,
agriculture, photography and other related fields.
1.2.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen, 965-1039), a pioneer of scientific method, and the
emphasis has been on seeking truth: “Truth is sought for its own sake. And those who are
engaged upon the quest for anything for its own sake are not interested in other things.
Finding the truth is difficult, and the road to it is rough.”
Scientific Method refers to the body of techniques for investigating phenomena,
acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. It is
based on gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to
specific principles of reasoning.
The scientific method consists of a series of steps that can be summarized as
follows:
1. STATING THE PROBLEM – identifying or knowing what you want to investigate or
study
2. GATHERING INFORMATION ON THE PROBLEM – jotting down important data or
information gathered through observations
3. FORMING HYPOTHESIS – hypothesis is an educated guess. Forming this would
help you find out what the answer to your problem might be.
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Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
4. PERFORMING EXPERIMENTS TO TEST HYPOTHESIS – design and carry out an
experiment to test your hypothesis. Observe everything you can. The smallest
detail can sometimes be the most significant.
5. RECORDING AND ANALYZING DATA – interpret and evaluate the information
gathered. Do calculations if needed to come up with your conclusion
6. STATING A CONCLUSION – this answers the problem stated. If the problem is still
unsolved, try a new approach or perform another experiment. Repeat the steps
from the beginning until a solution may become clear.
1.3.
FACT, SCIENTIFIC HYPOTHESIS, SCIENTIFIC THEORY, AND SCIENTIFIC LAW
A fact is generally a close agreement by competent observers who make a
series of observations about the same phenomenon.
A scientific hypothesis is an educated guess that is only presumed to be factual
until supported by experiment. When a hypothesis has been tested over and over
again and has not been contradicted, it may become known as a law or principle.
If a scientist finds evidence that contradicts a hypothesis, law, or principle, then,
in the scientific spirit, it must be changed or abandoned-regardless of the reputation or
authority of the persons advocating it (unless the contradicting evidence, upon testing,
turns out to be wrong which sometimes happens).
A scientific law is a general hypothesis or statement about the relationship of
natural quantities that has been tested over and over again and has not been
contradicted. Also known as a principle.
.
A scientific theory is a synthesis of a large body of information that encompasses
well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the natural world.
The theories of science are not fixed; rather, they undergo change. Scientific
theories evolve as they go through stages of redefinition and refinement. During the
past hundred years, for example, the theory of the atom has been repeatedly refined
as new evidence on atomic behavior has been gathered. Similarly, chemists have
refined their view of the way molecules bond together, and biologists have refined the
cell theory. The refinement of theories is strength of science, not a weakness. Many
people feel that it is a sign of weakness to change their minds. Competent scientists
must be experts at changing their minds. They change their minds, however, only when
confronted with solid experimental evidence or when a conceptually simpler
hypothesis forces them to a new point of view. More important than defending beliefs is
improving them. Better hypotheses are made by those who are honest in the face of
experimental evidence.
1.4.
VARIABLE
Scientists use an experiment to search for cause and effect relationships in
nature. In other words, they design an experiment so that changes to one item cause
something else to vary in a predictable way.
These changing quantities are called variables. A variable is any factor, trait, or
condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. An experiment usually has three
kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled.
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The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a
fair test, a good experiment has only one independent variable. As the scientist
changes the independent variable, he or she observes what happens.
The scientist focuses his or her observations on the dependent variable to see
how it responds to the change made to the independent variable. The new value of
the dependent variable is caused by and depends on the value of the independent
variable.
For example, if you open a faucet (the independent variable), the quantity of
water flowing (dependent variable) changes in response--you observe that the water
flow increases. The number of dependent variables in an experiment varies, but there is
often more than one.
Experiments also have controlled variables. Controlled variables are quantities
that a scientist wants to remain constant, and he must observe them as carefully as the
dependent variables. For example, if we want to measure how much water flow
increases when we open a faucet, it is important to make sure that the water pressure
(the controlled variable) is held constant. That's because both the water pressure and
the opening of a faucet have an impact on how much water flows. If we change both
of them at the same time, we can't be sure how much of the change in water flow is
because of the faucet opening and how much because of the water pressure. In other
words, it would not be a fair test. Most experiments have more than one controlled
variable. Some people refer to controlled variables as "constant variables."
In a good experiment, the scientist must be able to measure the values for each
variable. Weight or mass is an example of a variable that is very easy to measure.
However, imagine trying to do an experiment where one of the variables is love. There is
no such thing as a "love-meter." You might have a belief that someone is in love, but
you cannot really be sure, and you would probably have friends that don't agree with
you. So, love is not measurable in a scientific sense; therefore, it would be a poor
variable to use in an experiment.
Examples of Variables
Question
How much
water flows
through a
faucet at
different
openings?
Course Module
Independent
Variable
(What I change)
Water faucet
opening (closed,
half open, fully
open)
Dependent
Controlled Variables
Variables
(What I keep the same)
(What I observe)
Amount of water The Faucet
flowing
Water pressure, or how much the
measured in liters water is "pushing"
per minute
"Different water pressure might also
cause different amounts of water to
flow and different faucets may
behave differently, so to insure a fair
test I want to keep the water pressure
and the faucet the same for each
faucet opening that I test."
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Does heating a
cup of water
allow it to
dissolve more
sugar?
Temperature of
the water
measured in
degrees
Centigrade
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
Amount of sugar
that dissolves
completely
measured in
grams
Stirring
Type of sugar
"More stirring might also increase the
amount of sugar that dissolves and
different sugars might dissolve in
different amounts, so to insure a fair
test I want to keep these variables the
same for each cup of water."
Does fertilizer
Amount of
Growth of the
Same type of fertilizer
make a plant fertilizer measured plant measured Same size pot for each plant
grow bigger? in grams
by its height
Same type of plant in each pot
Growth of the
Same type and amount of soil in each
plant measured pot
by the number of Same amount of water and light
leaves
Make measurements of growth for
See Measuring each plant at the same time
Plant Growth for "The many variables above can each
more ways to
change how fast a plant grows, so to
measure plant
insure a fair test of the fertilizer, each
growth
of them must be kept the same for
every pot."
Does an
Voltage of the
Speed of rotation Same motor for every test
electric motor electricity
measured in
The motor should be doing the same
turn faster if you measured in volts revolutions per
work for each test (turning the same
increase the
minute (RPMs)
wheel, propeller or whatever)
voltage?
"The work that a motor performs has a
big impact on its speed, so to insure a
fair test I must keep that variable the
same."
What Makes for Good Variables?
Is the independent variable measurable?
Can you change the independent variable during the
experiment?
Have you identified all relevant dependent variables, and are
they all caused by and dependent on the independent
variable?
Are all dependent variable(s) measurable?
Have you identified all relevant controlled variables?
Can all controlled variables be held at a steady value during
the experiment?
Course Module
For Good Variables, You
Should Answer "Yes" to
Every Question
Yes / No
Yes / No
Yes / No
Yes / No
Yes / No
Yes / No
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
1.5.
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
Chemistry is central in our lives that we read about it in news every day.
Technology is the application of science to improve the quality of human life.
Cell phones, compacts discs, a variety of processed food, and the internet are some
products of technology. Technology can bring about even a change in one’s physical
appearance. Our country actually benefits from medical tourism program mainly for
cosmetic procedure launched some years ago.
1.6.
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN CHEMISTRY
Chemist Profile: Job Profile and Career Information about Chemists
By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D., About.com Guide
Here's a look at what a chemist is, what a chemist does, and what type of salary
and career opportunities you can expect as a chemist.
What Is a Chemist?
A chemist is a scientist who studies the
composition and properties of chemicals and the way
chemicals interact with each other. Chemists search for
new information about matter and ways this
information can be applied. Chemists also design and
develop instruments to study matter.
IN THE LAB Chemists at work at
Synthonix’ North Carolina facility
What Do Chemists Do?
There are a lot of different employments opportunities open to chemists. Some
chemists work in a lab, in a research environment, asking questions and testing
hypotheses with experiments. Other chemists may work on a computer developing
theories or models or predicting reactions. Some chemists do field work. Others
contribute advice on chemistry for projects. Some chemists write. Some chemists teach.
The career options are extensive.
Job Outlook for Chemists
In 2006 there were 84,000 chemists in the United States.
Through 2016 the employment rate for chemists is expected to
grow at the same rate as the average for all occupations. The
fastest growth is expected in biotechnology and the
pharmaceuticals industry, with good opportunities in food
science, materials science, and analytical chemistry.
Chemist Working Conditions
COMPOUND BUILDER Enamine chemists work in three buildings in Kiev, Ukraine.
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Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
Most chemists work regular hours in well-equipped labs, offices, or classrooms.
Some chemists engage in field work, which takes them outdoors. Although some of the
chemicals and processes chemists deal with may be inherently hazardous, the actual
risk to a chemist is very low, both because of safety precautions and training.
Types of Chemists
Chemists usually pick areas of specialization.
• Organic Chemists - work with carbon and carbon-compounds, many of which
come from plants or animals. Organic chemists develop drug, petrochemicals,
fertilizers, and plastics.
• Inorganic Chemists - deal primarily with non-carbon chemistry involving metals,
minerals, and electronics.
• Analytical Chemists - examine substances. Analytical chemists identify materials,
measure quantities, and evaluate properties of elements and compounds.
• Physical Chemists - work primarily in the field of energy research. Physical
chemists look at chemical and physical changes and examine the relationships
between matter and energy.
There are many other types of chemists, such as biochemists, materials chemists,
geochemists, and medical chemists.
Chemist Educational Requirements
You need a college education to become a chemist. High school students
interested in a career in chemistry should take science and math courses. Trigonometry
and computer experience is helpful. A bachelor's degree is the minimum requirement
to get a job in chemistry, but realistically, you need a master's degree to obtain a good
position in research or teaching. A doctorate is required to teach college at most fouryear colleges and universities and is desirable for research.
Advancement as a Chemist
To some extent, chemists are promoted based on experience, training, and
responsibility. However, the best opportunities for advancement are associated with
advanced degrees. A chemist with a master's degree qualifies for research positions
and teaching positions at two-year colleges. A chemist with a doctorate can conduct
research, teach at the college and graduate level, and is more likely to be selected for
supervisory or management positions.
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Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
SELF ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the chosen letter.
1. The science that tackles the study of matter, its structure and the changes in
composition that matter undergoes is
a. Astrology
b. Ecology
c. Chemistry
d. Physics
2. When a chemist performs an experiment, the quantity that is being tested is the
a. control
b. theory
c. law
d. variable
3. After making an observation and proposing a hypothesis, the next step that a
scientist should do is to
a. form a conclusion
c. analyze the data gathered
b. perform an experiment
d. state the conclusion
4. Jack and Rose gather information using their five senses. What are they doing?
a. stating their conclusion
b. gathering data through observation
c. formulating hypothesis based on the gathered data
d. measuring the exact quantity compared to the other quantities
5. The statement “Mercury is denser than water” is a ___________.
a. law
b. theory
c. fact
d. problem
6. During an experiment, one tries to form his/her theory as quickly as possible. This
process is called _____________.
a. data-gathering
b. hypothesizing
c. generalizing
d. observing
7. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. A scientist’s good characteristics include open-mindedness, honest,
perseverance and curiosity.
b. Only the most brilliant people like scientists can make discoveries
c. Scientists must follow a strict plan in order to make a successful result
d. All of the above
8. Basically, chemistry deals with the study of the following EXCEPT:
a. changes that matter undergoes
c. properties of matter
b. composition of matter
d. forces
9. The scientific method of solving a problem follows the sequence:
a. hypothesize, conclude, experiment
c. conclude, hypothesize,
experiment
b. hypothesize, experiment , conclude d. experiment, hypothesize, conclude
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE about a scientific method?
a. When results of an experiment do not fit the hypothesis, a scientist may
ethically
discard the results and repeat the experiment.
b. The scientific method is a continuous process by which people learn about the
physical universe.
c. Scientists report the experimental results, but not the experimental design.
d. People structure their lives on the principles of scientific method.
Course Module
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
11. The chemistry of the real world is mostly the chemistry of __________.
a. elements b. pure substances c. compounds
d. mixtures
12. Chemists who study the chemistry of living organisms work in the field of
______________.
a. analytical chemistry
b. physical chemistry
c. organic chemistry
d. biochemistry
13. What is the name given to a set of controlled observations that test a proposed
explanation? a. hypothesis
b. experiment
c. theory
d. conclusion
14. Almost every situation you can imagine involves a chemist, because _______.
a chemists are nosy
b. everything is made of matter
c. chemists are well-paid d. ozone depletion is a problem
15. The general term for a systematic approach used in scientific study is ___.
a. the scientific method
c. quantitative analysis
b. qualitative analysis
d. the scientific controversy
ESSAY. Discus the following if possible give illustration if needed.
1. Trace the origin of chemistry.
2. Cite some branches of chemistry explain each field.
3. Discuss the steps of scientific methods.
4. Differentiate fact, scientific hypothesis, scientific theory and scientific law.
5. Discuss variables to consider in conducting scientific investigation.
6. Explain why a knowledge of chemistry is central to many human activities.
7. Explain the different tasks of a chemist.
8. Cite the relevance of chemistry in a variety of careers and opportunities; and
9. Discuss recent technological applications of chemistry most particularly in the
criminal investigation.
Course Module
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology
Forensic 1 Learning Guide
Yllana Bay View College, Pagadian
MY REFLECTION 101
After finishing this module you are now going to share your insights about all the
things that you have learned and encountered in this module and during the class
discussions. Complete each statement below as honest as you can.
I have learned that______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
However, I am still confused about ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I have realized that________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I feel that __________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Course Module
Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology