9
Technology and Livelihood Education
Technical Vocational Education
(TLE/TVL)
ELECTRONIC
PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY
AND SERVICING NCII
Quarter 1 – Module 1/Week 1:
Applying Quality Standards
TLE/TVL 9 – Electronic Products Assembly Servicing NC II
Quarter 1 – Module 1/Week 1: Applying Quality Standards
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI
Regional Director: Allan G. Farnazo
Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Finky C. Barayan
Editors: Ruth B. Manguiat
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Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team: Reynaldo M. Guillena
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Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Region XI Davao City Division
Office Address:
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9
ELECTRONIC
PRODUCTS ASSEMBLY
AND SERVICING NCII
Quarter 1 – Module 1/Week 1:
Apply Quality Standards
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning at home. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module .
For the learner:
As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own learning. Take
time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of the
following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
ii
Let Us Learn
Hello, learner! In this lesson, you are expected to learn the specification of materials
and components as well as the factors of choosing the right materials when making
electronic projects. Beginners like you should have prior knowledge of the type of
components and materials you are going to use, their specification, function,
operation and limitation before commencing a project. You will get in-depth learning
as you through the entire lesson and completing series of activities and assessments.
In this module, you will learn about the fundamental skills of Electronic Products
Assembly and Servicing NCII.
This module was anchored on the Curriculum Guide in TLE/TVL in EPAS NCII
(Electronic Products Assembly Servicing NCII) under the Industrial Arts components.
The content of this module is taken from the following learning competencies and
specifically selected to create a link of previous learning to this new one.
LESSON 1: APPLYING QUALITY STANDARDS (AQS)
LO 1. Assess the quality of received materials or components/
TLE_IAEPAS9-12AQS-Ia-1
1.1 Obtain work instructions in accordance with standard operating procedures
1.2 Carry out work in accordance with standard operating procedures
1.3 Check received materials or component parts against workplace standards
and specifications
1.4 Isolate faults and faulty materials
1.5 Record and/or report faults and faulty materials to the supervisor concerned in
accordance with workplace procedures
1.6 Replace faulty materials and components in accordance with workplace
procedures
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define the word specification
Determine the different types of specifications
Identify the specification of materials and components in electronics
Appreciate the importance of recording specifications
Are you ready? Let us begin the learning process! See you and good luck!
1
Let Us Try
Hello, Learner! Let us check what you already know about our lesson. Choose
the letter of the best answer and write it on your answer sheet.
1. Which document describes the materials, including its requirements for
storage, tolerances, shelf-life, specifications, name of supplier and safety data?
A. Test specification
C. Quality Specification
B. Material specification
D. Design Specification
2. It is a device that limits or resists current in a circuit.
A. Capacitor
C. Semiconductor Diode
B. Transistor
D. Resistor
3. What device that stores electrons and is made up of two conductors separated
by an insulator or dielectric?
A. Capacitor
C. Semiconductor Diode
B. Transistor
D. Resistor
4. What is the most important factor when choosing materials to buy?
A. Low cost
C. Good Quality
B. Reliable
D. Suitable for the application
5. Which of the following denotes the product functionality and safe operation?
A. Low cost
C. Good Quality
B. Reliable
D. Suitable for the application
6. Which of the following statements does not include in the environmental test?
A. Humidity
C. Flammability
B. Thermal Shock
D. Vibration
7. Which of the following is not a reason for conducting an inspection?
A. to prevent further work being done on pieces already spoiled
B. to have evidence when you complain of any defect found
C. to avoid using defective and damaged products
D. to detect and isolate faulty materials or work and so to prevent this waste
8. Which step in material and product inspection where random pull out of sample
is required?
A. Physical Condition of Material
C. Review Project Specification
B. Storage Requirements
D. Pre-inspection steps
9. What type of defect is considered as completely unusable and/or could cause
harm to the user or someone in the vicinity of the product?
A. Major Defect
C. Minor Defect
B. Critical Defect
D. None of the above
10. What type of defect could adversely affect the function and performance of
the products/components?
A. Minor Defect
C. Major Defect
B. Critical Defect
D. None of the above
2
Let Us Study
A specification often refers to a set of documented requirements to be satisfied by a
material, design, product, or service. It is often referred to as a requirement of
procedures that is detailed enough to implement in the workplace. Several types of
specifications are used in different organizations among those are the following:
1. Material Specification – is a document where you can find the details such as
the description of the materials, including its requirements for storage,
tolerances, shelf-life, specifications, name of supplier and safety data.
2. Test Specification – a document specifying the test approach for a product,
machine, component or equipment. It describes how the testing is done, how
often it will be tested and how to do it with safety assurance.
3.
Quality Specification – is a document defining the quality of a product, service or
process. It includes tangible elements such as the measurements and intangible
elements such as smell or taste.
4.
Design Specification - is a detailed document providing a list of points
regarding a product or process. It provides explicit information about the
requirements for a product and how the product is to be put together
SPECIFICATIONS OF MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
A. MATERIALS
➢
Wires - a slender, string-like piece or filament of relatively rigid or flexible
metal, usually circular in section, manufactured in a great variety of
diameters and metals depending on its application.
➢
Conductor – is a wire suitable for carrying an electric current.
➢
Cable – is either a stranded conductor (single-conductor cable) or a
combination of conductors insulated from one another (multipleconductor cable).
Basic Constructions
Wire and cable consist of four identified basic constructions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Single Conductor – only one conductor, either bare or insulated.
Multiple conductors – consists of multiple insulated wires
Twisted Pairs – Two insulated wires usually twisted together
Coaxial cable- insulated center conductor with a shield and jacket overall
3
2 variations of conductors
1. Solid wire – it offers slightly lower resistance with
better performance at high frequencies.
2. Stranded wire – it offers greater flexibility and is
used when higher resistance to metal fatigue is
required.
Wire and Cable Specification Indicators/Parameters
Conductor material – either copper or aluminum
Insulation – PVC, TRS and VIR
measurement – size, weight, diameter
Type – single strand or multi-strand
Requirement- current and voltage ratings, cost and application
B. COMPONENTS
➢ Resistors are the most common electronic components and the easiest to be
identified with. It is a device that limits or resists current in a circuit. It
comes with different materials but the most common is carbon composition.
The resistor can resist, which is called “Resistance” and it is measured in
ohms, represented by the Greek symbol Omega (Ω).
Specifications and Parameters of Resistors:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Material
Resistance Value
Tolerance
Power rating
Temperature coefficient
Frequency Response
Power Dissipation
Power De-rating
Maximum Voltage
Source:https://envirementalb.com/types-of-resistors-andtheir-functions/
➢ CAPACITOR is a device that stores electrons
and is made up of two conductors separated by
an insulator or dielectric. This storing ability of
capacitor is called Capacitance and is
measured in Farads.
Specifications and Parameters of Capacitors:
•
•
•
•
•
Capacitance value
Tolerance
Working Voltage
Dielectric
Working Temperature
Source:https://www.powerelectronicstalks.
com/2019/05/capacitor.html
4
➢ SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE is composed of two electrodes, the anode (positive)
and the cathode (negative). This electronic component is mainly used because
of its ability to make electric current flow only in one direction
(from anode to cathode) after forward-biasing the aforementioned “p-n
junction” with the positive electric voltage.
Specifications and Parameters of Semiconductor Diode
•
•
•
•
•
•
Semiconductor material
Diode type
Forward voltage drop, Vf
Peak inverse voltage
Reverse breakdown voltage
Maximum Forward current
Source:http://hlme.n.my/index.php?ws=showproduct
s&products
➢ INTEGRATED CIRCUIT- or IC, is a small chip that can function as an
amplifier, oscillator, timer, microprocessor, or even computer memory. An IC
is a small wafer, usually made of silicon, that can hold anywhere from
hundreds to millions of transistors, resistors, and capacitors.
Specifications of Integrated Circuits:
•
•
•
•
•
Material
Size
Packaging
Density
Integration
Source: https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-freestock-photography-integrated-circuits-image4992677
➢
Transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic
signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material
usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.
Specifications of Transistors:
• Transistor type
• Polarity
• Package Type
• Transistor Grade/Operating Range
• Voltage - Collector Emitter Breakdown
• DC Current Gain (hFE) (Min) @ Ic, Vce
• Package / Case
Source: https://envirementalb.com/transistor• Lead Free Status
as-switch/
• RoHS Status
5
EVALUATION OF PURCHASED and RECEIVED PRODUCTS
The characteristic of the materials to be used for a specific project must be:
1. of good quality - This is the most important factor when choosing materials
to buy. Products with good quality are long-lasting and safe to use because
you know that it follows certain standards before being commercialized.
2. reliable - It means that you can be sure that it will perform its function well,
will operate safely and will give the best it could give.
3. suitable for the application/purposes - Choose the materials which are very
necessary to make the project possible. Making a list of products/materials to
buy is a good trait of a wise consumer. Products that are not to be used must
be crossed out.
4. low cost - It doesn’t mean that you will choose the less expensive one and
exclude the quality. Low cost means you can afford to buy the materials
without hurting your pocket and assure better quality.
MATERIAL AND PRODUCT INSPECTION
Material Inspection – This can be referred to as receiving inspection which validates
the quality of purchased raw materials based on set acceptance criteria. Incoming
inspection results follow an identification tagging system to determine required
actions when an item is tagged as accepted, conditionally accepted, or rejected.
Product Inspection - is the process of checking goods for compliance with your
specifications and requirements. The product inspection process primarily focuses
on checking the appearance, construction, and basic function of a product.
How to conduct materials and product inspection
Below is the basic procedure for incoming inspection of the received materials
and products from the suppliers or from the stores where the items come from. Some
of the steps are ideals for firms and industries.
1. Pre-inspection steps
This is a preliminary activity of receiving goods and it varies depending on the
organization or firm.
2. Take photos and videos
It is a very good idea to capture and record the receiving activities. This will
serve as evidence for documentation purposes and future use.
3. Review Project Specification
This step happens before the actual physical inspection
4. Physical Condition of Material
This step is where the sampling process occurs.
5. Confirm Maker/Manufacturer and their certifications
This is part of the pre-inspection process where the receiving person checks the
source of deliveries (supplier).
6. Storage Requirements
After conducting inspections, the next step is to check for any special storage
requirements.
6
Types of Test for Electronic materials and components
1. Environmental tests- including the salt atmosphere, humidity, thermal
shock, sand and dust, flammability, and explosion.
2. Physical characteristics tests- including vibration, acceleration, solvent
resistance, and high-impact shock
3. Electrical characteristics tests- including DC resistance, capacitance,
insulation, and voltage
Three Types of Defects in Electronic Components
Quality control professionals typically classify quality defects into three main
categories: minor, major, and critical. The nature and severity of a defect
determine in which of the three categories it belongs.
1. Minor Defects - are usually small, insignificant issues that don’t affect the
function or form of the item. Examples are light abrasions on the surface and
minimal scratch, removable marks on items, or minimal broken stitch.
2. Major Defects- are more serious than minor defects and could adversely affect
the function and performance of the products/components. Examples are
deep scratch on the surface, non-function or malfunction issues, and out-oftolerance in components.
3. Critical Defects - are the most serious of the three defect types and can be
completely unusable and/or could cause harm to the user or someone in the
vicinity of the product. Examples are sharp points or edges, damaging and
exposed wires, and rust.
Minor Defect
Major Defect
Source:https://textilelearner.net/common-seam-qualitydefects-in-garment
Source: https://www.alamy.com/rusty-pliersimage9728423.html?fbclid=IwAR2zst2HffCtajuGRPfz9OS
1zxKQ47EerxMyDXF28oriIVkSnWGJ2rnuJEc
Critical Defect
Source:https://www.shutterstock.com/search/exposed+
wire
7
Identify and Isolate Faulty Materials Related to Work
Procedure:
1. Conduct an inventory of materials.
2. Perform a visual inspection.
3. Record the number of non – functional materials.
4. Segregate materials that are serviceable or unserviceable.
5. Report the number of materials that are non-functional but subject to repair
or modification.
6. Label materials that are condemnable.
7. Return materials in the cabinet as per the operating procedure.
Sample Inventory Form
Item
No.
1102
1403
3302
Category
Description
Qty of
Defects/Faulty
Materials
PCB single
layered 2x3 in.
Component LED single
Equipment
Qty for
Repair
11
Qty of
Good
Items
42
Total
No. of
Items
53
3
26
29
Record And/Or Report Defects And Any Identified Causes To The Supervisor
You need to record and/or report defects and any identified causes to the
supervisor concerned following workplace procedures so that you can ask for
replacements for those that you found defective.
Procedure:
1. Inspect any damaged or defective materials
2. Test the functionality of each material
3. Separate the non-functional and functional materials
4. Repair/replace the non-functional materials
5. Report the condition or status of the materials
8
Let Us Practice
How is it going so far? Have you gained a clear understanding of the lesson?
Let’s put that to practice! This will help you understand the lesson better.
Direction: Find 3 electronic or electrical products (gadgets, mobile phones,
appliances, machines, equipment) and write at least 5 of their specifications in your
answer sheet.
Example:
Smartphone
Huawei Y9-2019
6.5” dispay screen
13MP, 1080p
Android 8.1 (Oreo), EMUI 8.2
64Gb internal memory
Gadget
Appliance
Equipment
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
Scoring Rubric
Content
Knowledge
and
Understanding
Very Good
(10 points)
Students were
able to follow the
instruction and
provide complete
details.
Good
(8 points)
Fair
(5 points)
Students were
able to follow
the instruction
but with 1-3
few un-filled
needed details.
Students were
able to follow
the instruction
but with 4-6
un-filled
needed details.
9
Needs
Improvement
(3 points)
Students were able
to follow the
instruction but
with 7-10 unfilled
needed details.
Let Us Practice More
You’re doing great! Now, let’s transfer what you have learned to real-life
situations. Let’s see your progress.
Direction: Inventory and inspection can be applied even at home. There are
products, supplies, and materials that need an inspection to check if they are still
usable, good to consume, or functional. In this activity, you are required to conduct
inventory and inspection of at least 10 items you can find at home. You must use
the format below and have it done in your answer sheet.
Description
Qty of
Defects/Faulty
Ex.
Spoon & fork
Ex.
Mobile Phone
Item
No.
2
Qty
for
Repair
0
Qty of
Good
Items
10
Total
No. of
Items
12
1
1
3
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Prepared by:
Reviewed & noted by:
_________________
______________________
Your Name & signature
Parent/Guardian Name & signature
10
Let Us Remember
Let’s have a review of what you have learned in this module. The following
activity will refresh your mind on the terminologies you have read and will help you
familiarize its meaning.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Material Specification is a document where you can find the details such as the
description of the material.
Test Specification is a document specifying the test approach for a product,
machine, component or equipment
Quality Specification is a document defining the quality of a product, service or
process.
Design Specification is a detailed document providing a list of points regarding
a product or process.
Stranded wire offers greater flexibility and is used when higher resistance to
metal fatigue is required.
Resistor is a device that limits or resists current in a circuit
Capacitor is a device that stores electrons and is made up of two conductors
separated by an insulator or dielectric.
Semiconductor diode is composed of two electrodes, the anode (positive) and the
cathode (negative).
Integrated circuit or IC, is a small chip that can function as an amplifier,
oscillator, timer, microprocessor, or even computer memory.
Transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals
and electrical power.
Environmental tests- including the salt atmosphere, humidity, thermal shock,
sand and dust, flammability, and explosion
Physical characteristics tests- including vibration, acceleration, solvent
resistance, and high-impact shock
Electrical characteristics tests- including DC resistance, capacitance,
insulation, and voltage
Minor Defects - are usually small, insignificant issues that don’t affect the
function or form of the item.
Major Defects- are more serious than minor defects and could adversely affect
the function and performance of the products/components.
Critical Defects - are the most serious of the three defect types and can be
completely unusable and/or could cause harm to the user or someone in the
vicinity of the product.
11
Let Us Assess
You’re doing great! Now, let’s transfer what you have learned after going through
the discussion. Let’s see your progress. Read and analyze each question carefully.
Select the letter that corresponds to the best answer and write it on your answer
sheet.
1. Which of the following denotes product functionality and safe operation?
A. Low cost
C. Good Quality
B. Reliable
D. Suitable for the application
2. Which step in material and product inspection where random pull out of sample
is required?
A. Physical Condition of Material
C. Review Project Specification
B. Storage Requirements
D. Pre-inspection steps
3. Which of the following statements does not include in the environmental test?
A. Humidity
C. Flammability
B. Thermal Shock
D. Vibration
4. It is a device that limits or resists current in a circuit.
A. Capacitor
C. Semiconductor Diode
B. Transistor
D. Resistor
5. What type of defect could adversely affect the function and performance of the
products/components?
A. Minor Defect
C. Major Defect
B. Critical Defect
D. None of the above
6. Which of the following is not a reason for conducting an inspection?
A. to prevent further work being done on pieces already spoiled
B. to have evidence when you complain of any defect found
C. to avoid using defective and damaged products
D. to detect and isolate faulty materials or work and so to prevent this waste
7. Which document describes the materials, including their requirements for storage,
tolerances, shelf-life, specifications, name of supplier and safety data?
A. Test specification
C. Quality Specification
B. Material specification
D. Design Specification
8. What device that stores electrons and is made up of two conductors separated by
an insulator or dielectric?
A. Capacitor
C. Semiconductor Diode
B. Transistor
D. Resistor
9. What type of defects is considered as completely unusable and/or could cause
harm to the user or someone in the vicinity of the product?
A. Major Defect
C. Minor Defect
B. Critical Defect
D. None of the above
10. What is the most important factor when choosing materials to buy?
A. Low cost
C. Good Quality
B. Reliable
D. Suitable for the application
12
Let Us Enhance
Congratulations, learner! You have successfully reached the end of this module! To
deepen your knowledge about the lesson, let’s do another activity!
Direction: Name at least 5 products (goods, gadgets, clothing, food chain, services
etc.) and write the reason why you always choose them over the others. Apply the
characteristic of materials in defending your choice. Follow the format below and do
this in your answer sheet.
No. Products/Services
Characteristics
Ex. Huawei Y9 Prime
Good quality, low cost,
reliable
Ex. Safeguard
Good quality, reliable, low
cost,
Remarks
User friendly, easy to
handle, and good interface
Effective in washing away
germs, feeling clean after
using it
1
2
3
4
5
SCORING RUBRIC
Content
Very Good
(10 points)
Students
were able to
Knowledge
convey
and
several ideas
Understanding
on the topic
with a good
degree of
knowledge
Good
(7points)
Fair
(5 points)
Students were
able to convey
a few ideas on
the topic with
some degree
of knowledge
Students were
able to convey
limited ideas
on the topic
with little
knowledge
13
Needs
Improvement
(3 points)
Has an answer
but is irrelevant
to the topic.
Let Us Reflect
In this module, you were able to know the types of specifications, the
specifications of every component and materials in electronics. In addition, you have
learned the factors to consider when purchasing a product of any kind as well as
evaluating the purchased product. Overall, you have gained insights into how to
ensure the application of quality standards.
Congratulations! You have accomplished this module and you did a great job!
14
Let Us Practice More
Student’s answer may vary.
Please refer to the rubric.
Let Us Practice
Student’s answer may vary.
Please refer to the rubric.
15
Let Us Enhance
Student’s answer may
vary. Please refer to the
rubric.
Let Us Assess
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C
A
D
B
C
C
C
D
B
D
Let Us Try
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. B
10.C
Answer Key
References
AZO Materials. “An Introduction to Material Testing-Why is it important?”. Accessed
from https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=16732
BYJU’S The Learning App. “Type of Resistors”. Accessed from https://byjus.com/
physics/types-of resistors/#:~:text=to%20a%20Resistor,Non%2DLinear%
20Resistor,change%20according%20to%20Ohm's%20law
DigChip Electronic Database. “Specifications Transistor BC547-AP”. Accessed from
https://www.digchip.com/datasheets/parts/datasheet/284/BC547AP.php
Division of City Schools-Manila. “A Quality You Can Trust: Apply Quality Standards.
EE POWER. “Rheostat”. Accessed from https://eepower.com/resistorguide/resistor- types/rheostat/#
Electronic Notes. “Capacitor Specifications: Capacitor Characteristics”. Accessed
fromhttps://www.electronics notes.com/articles/electronic_
components/capacitors/specifications-parameters
Electronic Notes. “Understanding Diode Specifications, Ratings and parameters”.
Accessed fromhttps://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/
electronic_components/diode/ specifications-parameters-ratings.php
Engineering 360. “Transistor Specifications”. Accessed from
https://www.globalspec.com
Learn About Electronics. “Resistor Parameters”. Accessed from https://learnaboutelectronics.org/Resistors/resistors_10.php
Simplicable. “8 Types of Specifications”. Accessed from https://simplicable.
com/new/specifications
TechTerms.“Integrated Circuit”. Accessed from https://techterms.com/definition
/integratedcircuit#:
The Economic Times. “The beginners guide to mobile technical specifications”.
Accessed from https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/
the-beginners-guide-to-mobile-technical-specifications/articleshow
/14419148.cms?from=mdr
16
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Region XI Davao City Division
Elpidio Quirino Avenue, Davao City, Davao del Sur, Philippines
Telephone: (082) 224 0100/228 3970
Email Address: info@deped-davaocity.ph/lrmds.davaocity@deped.gov.ph
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