Uploaded by mutemwatafira

Agreement Cases

advertisement
$VLI7XIDO
&$6(621)250$7,212)$&2175$&7
2))(5
3D\QHY&DYH 7KH GHIHQGDQW PDGH WKH KLJKHVW ELG IRU WKH SODLQWLII¶V JRRGV DW DQ DXFWLRQ
VDOH EXW KH ZLWKGUHZ KLV ELG EHIRUH WKH IDOO RI WKH DXFWLRQHHU¶V KDPPHU ,W
ZDV KHOG WKDW WKH GHIHQGDQWZDV QRW ERXQG WRSXUFKDVH WKH JRRGV +LVELG
DPRXQWHGWRDQRIIHUZKLFKKHZDVHQWLWOHGWRZLWKGUDZDWDQ\WLPHEHIRUHWKH
DXFWLRQHHU VLJQLILHG DFFHSWDQFH E\ NQRFNLQJ GRZQ WKH KDPPHU 1RWH 7KH
FRPPRQODZUXOHODLGGRZQLQWKLVFDVHKDVQRZEHHQFRGLILHGLQV 6DOH
RI*RRGV$FW
)LVKHUY%HOO $ VKRSNHHSHU GLVSOD\HG D IOLFN NQLIH ZLWK D SULFH WDJ LQ WKH ZLQGRZ 7KH
5HVWULFWLRQ RI 2IIHQVLYH :HDSRQV $FW PDGH LW DQ RIIHQFH WR µRIIHU IRU
VDOH¶DµIOLFNNQLIH¶7KHVKRSNHHSHUZDVSURVHFXWHGLQWKHPDJLVWUDWHV¶FRXUW
EXWWKH-XVWLFHVGHFOLQHGWRFRQYLFWRQWKHEDVLVWKDWWKHNQLIHKDGQRWLQODZ
EHHQµRIIHUHGIRUVDOH¶
7KLVGHFLVLRQZDVXSKHOGE\WKH4XHHQ¶V%HQFK'LYLVLRQDO&RXUW/RUG3DUNHU
&- VWDWHG ³,W LV SHUIHFWO\ FOHDU WKDW DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH RUGLQDU\ ODZ RI FRQWUDFW
WKH GLVSOD\ RI DQ DUWLFOH ZLWK D SULFH RQ LW LQ D VKRS ZLQGRZ LV PHUHO\ DQ
LQYLWDWLRQWRWUHDW,WLVLQQRVHQVHDQRIIHUIRUVDOHWKHDFFHSWDQFHRIZKLFK
FRQVWLWXWHVDFRQWUDFW´
36*%Y%RRWV 7KHGHIHQGDQWV¶VKRSZDVDGDSWHGWRWKH³VHOIVHUYLFH´V\VWHP7KHTXHVWLRQ
IRUWKH&RXUWRI$SSHDOZDVZKHWKHUWKHVDOHVRIFHUWDLQGUXJVZHUHHIIHFWHG
E\ RU XQGHU WKH VXSHUYLVLRQ RI D UHJLVWHUHG SKDUPDFLVW 7KH TXHVWLRQ ZDV
DQVZHUHG LQ WKH DIILUPDWLYH 6RPHUYHOO /- VWDWHG WKDW ³LQ WKH FDVH RI DQ
RUGLQDU\VKRSDOWKRXJKJRRGVDUHGLVSOD\HGDQGLWLVLQWHQGHGWKDWFXVWRPHUV
VKRXOGJRDQGFKRRVHZKDWWKH\ZDQWWKHFRQWUDFWLVQRWFRPSOHWHGXQWLOWKH
FXVWRPHU KDYLQJ LQGLFDWHG WKH DUWLFOHV ZKLFK KH QHHGV WKH VKRSNHHSHU RU
VRPHRQHRQKLVEHKDOIDFFHSWVWKDWRIIHU7KHQWKHFRQWUDFWLVFRPSOHWHG´
3DUWULGJHY&ULWWHQGHQ ,W ZDV DQ RIIHQFH WR RIIHU IRU VDOH FHUWDLQ ZLOG ELUGV 7KH GHIHQGDQW KDG
DGYHUWLVHGLQDSHULRGLFDOµ4XDOLW\%UDPEOHILQFKFRFNV%UDPEOHILQFKKHQVV
HDFK¶+LVFRQYLFWLRQZDVTXDVKHGE\WKH+LJK&RXUW/RUG3DUNHU&-VWDWHG
WKDW ZKHQ RQH LV GHDOLQJ ZLWK DGYHUWLVHPHQWV DQG FLUFXODUV XQOHVV WKH\
LQGHHG FRPH IURP PDQXIDFWXUHUV WKHUH LV EXVLQHVV VHQVH LQ WKHLU EHLQJ
FRQVWUXHG DV LQYLWDWLRQV WR WUHDW DQG QRW RIIHUV IRU VDOH ,Q D YHU\ GLIIHUHQW
FRQWH[W /RUG +HUVFKHOO LQ*UDLQJHU Y *RXJK 6XUYH\RU RI 7D[HV >@ $&
VDLGWKLVLQGHDOLQJZLWKDSULFHOLVW
³7KHWUDQVPLVVLRQRIVXFKDSULFHOLVWGRHVQRWDPRXQWWRDQRIIHUWRVXSSO\DQ
XQOLPLWHGTXDQWLW\RIWKHZLQHGHVFULEHGDWWKHSULFHQDPHGVRWKDWDVVRRQ
DV DQ RUGHU LV JLYHQ WKHUH LV D ELQGLQJ FRQWUDFW WR VXSSO\ WKDW TXDQWLW\ ,I LW
ZHUH VR WKH PHUFKDQW PLJKW ILQG KLPVHOI LQYROYHG LQ DQ\ QXPEHU RI
FRQWUDFWXDO REOLJDWLRQV WR VXSSO\ ZLQH RI D SDUWLFXODU GHVFULSWLRQ ZKLFK KH
ZRXOGEHTXLWHXQDEOHWRFDUU\RXWKLVVWRFNRIZLQHRIWKDWGHVFULSWLRQEHLQJ
QHFHVVDULO\OLPLWHG´
ZZZODZWHDFKHUFRXN
$VLI7XIDO
&DUOLOOY&DUEROLF6PRNH%DOO&R $Q DGYHUW ZDV SODFHG IRU µVPRNH EDOOV¶ WR SUHYHQW LQIOXHQ]D 7KH DGYHUW
RIIHUHG WR SD\ LI DQ\RQH FRQWUDFWHG LQIOXHQ]D DIWHU XVLQJ WKH EDOO 7KH
FRPSDQ\ GHSRVLWHG ZLWK WKH $OOLDQFH %DQN WR VKRZ WKHLU VLQFHULW\ LQ
WKHPDWWHU 7KHSODLQWLII ERXJKW RQH RI WKH EDOOV EXWFRQWUDFWHG LQIOXHQ]D ,W
ZDVKHOGWKDWVKHZDVHQWLWOHGWRUHFRYHUWKH 7KH&RXUWRI$SSHDOKHOG
WKDW
D
WKHGHSRVLWRIPRQH\VKRZHGDQLQWHQWLRQWREHERXQGWKHUHIRUHWKH
DGYHUWZDVDQRIIHU
E
LW ZDV SRVVLEOH WR PDNH DQ RIIHU WR WKH ZRUOG DW ODUJH ZKLFK LV
DFFHSWHGE\DQ\RQHZKREX\VDVPRNHEDOO
F
WKHRIIHURISURWHFWLRQZRXOGFRYHUWKHSHULRGRIXVHDQG
G
WKHEX\LQJDQGXVLQJRIWKHVPRNHEDOODPRXQWHGWRDFFHSWDQFH
+DUYH\Y)DFH\ 7KH SODLQWLIIV VHQW D WHOHJUDP WR WKH GHIHQGDQW ³:LOO \RX VHOO %XPSHU +DOO
3HQ"7HOHJUDSKORZHVWFDVKSULFH´
7KHGHIHQGDQWVUHSO\ZDV³/RZHVWSULFH ´
7KHSODLQWLIIVWHOHJUDSKHG³:HDJUHHWREX\«IRU DVNHGE\\RX´
,WZDVKHOGE\WKH3ULY\&RXQFLOWKDWWKHGHIHQGDQWVWHOHJUDPZDVQRWDQRIIHU
EXW VLPSO\ DQ LQGLFDWLRQ RI WKH PLQLPXP SULFH WKH GHIHQGDQWV ZRXOG ZDQW LI
WKH\ GHFLGHG WR VHOO 7KH SODLQWLIIV VHFRQG WHOHJUDP FRXOG QRW EH DQ
DFFHSWDQFH
*LEVRQY0&& 7KHFRXQFLOVHQWWRWHQDQWVGHWDLOVRIDVFKHPHIRUWKHVDOHRIFRXQFLOKRXVHV
7KH SODLQWLII LPPHGLDWHO\ UHSOLHG SD\LQJ WKH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ IHH 7KH
FRXQFLOUHSOLHG³7KHFRUSRUDWLRQPD\EHSUHSDUHGWRVHOOWKHKRXVHWR\RXDW
WKHSXUFKDVHSULFHRI OHVVSHUFHQW IUHHKROG ´7KHOHWWHU
JDYH GHWDLOV DERXW D PRUWJDJH DQG ZHQW RQ ³7KLV OHWWHU VKRXOG QRW EH
UHJDUGHG DV D ILUP RIIHU RI D PRUWJDJH ,I \RX ZRXOG OLNH WR PDNH D IRUPDO
DSSOLFDWLRQ WR EX\ \RXU FRXQFLO KRXVH SOHDVH FRPSOHWH WKH HQFORVHG
DSSOLFDWLRQ IRUP DQG UHWXUQ LW WR PH DV VRRQ DV SRVVLEOH´ * ILOOHG LQ DQG
UHWXUQHGWKHIRUP/DERXUWRRNFRQWURORIWKHFRXQFLOIURPWKH&RQVHUYDWLYHV
DQGLQVWUXFWHGWKHLURIILFHUVQRWWRVHOOFRXQFLOKRXVHVXQOHVVWKH\ZHUHOHJDOO\
ERXQGWRGRVR7KHFRXQFLOGHFOLQHGWRVHOOWR*
,QWKH+RXVHRI/RUGV/RUG'LSORFNVWDWHGWKDWZRUGVLWDOLFLVHGVHHPWRPDNH
LW TXLWH LPSRVVLEOH WR FRQVWUXH WKLV OHWWHU DV D FRQWUDFWXDO RIIHU FDSDEOH RI
EHLQJFRQYHUWHGLQWRDOHJDOO\HQIRUFHDEOHRSHQFRQWUDFWIRUWKHVDOHRIODQGE\
*¶VZULWWHQDFFHSWDQFHRILW,WZDVDOHWWHUVHWWLQJRXWWKHILQDQFLDOWHUPVRQ
ZKLFK LW PD\ EH WKH FRXQFLO ZRXOG EH SUHSDUHG WR FRQVLGHU D VDOH DQG
SXUFKDVHLQGXHFRXUVH
+DUYHODY5R\DO7UXVW 5R\DO 7UXVW LQYLWHG RIIHUV E\ VHDOHG WHQGHU IRU VKDUHV LQ D FRPSDQ\ DQG
XQGHUWRRN WR DFFHSW WKH KLJKHVW RIIHU +DUYHOD ELG DQG 6LU
/HRQDUG2XWHUEULGJHELGRULQH[FHVVRIDQ\RWKHURIIHU
5R\DO 7UXVW DFFHSWHG 6LU /HRQDUG¶V RIIHU 7KH WULDO MXGJHJDYH MXGJPHQW IRU
+DUYHOD
,QWKH+RXVHRI/RUGV/RUG7HPSOHPDQVWDWHG³7RFRQVWLWXWHDIL[HGELGGLQJ
VDOH DOO WKDW ZDV QHFHVVDU\ ZDV WKDW WKH YHQGRUV VKRXOG LQYLWH FRQILGHQWLDO
RIIHUVDQGVKRXOGXQGHUWDNHWRDFFHSWWKHKLJKHVWRIIHU6XFKZDVWKHIRUPRI
WKHLQYLWDWLRQ,WIROORZVWKDWWKHLQYLWDWLRQXSRQLWVWUXHFRQVWUXFWLRQFUHDWHGD
IL[HG ELGGLQJ VDOH DQG WKDW 6LU /HRQDUG ZDV QRW HQWLWOHG WR VXEPLW DQG WKH
YHQGRUVZHUHQRWHQWLWOHGWRDFFHSWDUHIHUHQWLDOELG´
ZZZODZWHDFKHUFRXN
$VLI7XIDO
%ODFNSRRO$HUR&OXEY%ODFNSRRO%RURXJK&RXQFLO %%&LQYLWHGWHQGHUVWRRSHUDWHDQDLUSRUWWREHVXEPLWWHGE\QRRQRQDIL[HG
GDWH 7KH SODLQWLIIV WHQGHU ZDV GHOLYHUHG E\ KDQG DQG SXW LQ WKH 7RZQ +DOO
OHWWHU ER[ DW DP +RZHYHU WKH WHQGHU ZDV UHFRUGHG DV KDYLQJ EHHQ
UHFHLYHGODWHDQGZDVQRWFRQVLGHUHG7KHFOXEVXHGIRUEUHDFKRIDQDOOHJHG
ZDUUDQW\ WKDW D WHQGHU UHFHLYHG E\ WKH GHDGOLQH ZRXOG EH FRQVLGHUHG 7KH
MXGJHDZDUGHGGDPDJHVIRUEUHDFKRIFRQWUDFWDQGQHJOLJHQFH7KHFRXQFLO¶V
DSSHDOZDVGLVPLVVHGE\WKH&RXUWRI$SSHDO
$&&(37$1&(
%URJGHQY05& %VXSSOLHGFRDOWR05&IRUPDQ\\HDUVZLWKRXWDQDJUHHPHQW05&VHQWD
GUDIW DJUHHPHQW WR % ZKR ILOOHG LQ WKH QDPH RI DQ DUELWUDWRU VLJQHG LW DQG
UHWXUQHG LW WR 05&¶V DJHQW ZKR SXW LW LQ KLV GHVN &RDO ZDV RUGHUHG DQG
VXSSOLHG LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH DJUHHPHQW EXW DIWHU D GLVSXWH DURVH % VDLG
WKHUHZDVQRELQGLQJDJUHHPHQW
,W ZDV KHOG WKDW %¶V UHWXUQLQJ RI WKH DPHQGHG GRFXPHQW ZDV QRW DQ
DFFHSWDQFH EXW D FRXQWHURIIHU ZKLFK FRXOG EH UHJDUGHG DV DFFHSWHG HLWKHU
ZKHQ 05& RUGHUHG FRDO RU ZKHQ % DFWXDOO\ VXSSOLHG %\ WKHLU FRQGXFW WKH
SDUWLHVKDGLQGLFDWHGWKHLUDSSURYDORIWKHDJUHHPHQW
*LEVRQY0&& /RUG'HQQLQJVDLGWKDWRQHPXVWORRNDWWKHFRUUHVSRQGHQFHDVDZKROHDQG
WKHFRQGXFWRIWKHSDUWLHVWRVHHLIWKH\KDYHFRPHWRDQDJUHHPHQW
7UHQWKDPY/X[IHU 7 EXLOW LQGXVWULDO XQLWV DQG VXEFRQWUDFWHG WKH ZLQGRZV WR / 7KH ZRUN ZDV
GRQHDQGSDLGIRU7WKHQFODLPHGGDPDJHVIURP/EHFDXVHRIGHIHFWVLQWKH
ZLQGRZV/DUJXHGWKDWHYHQWKRXJKWKHUHKDGEHHQOHWWHUVSKRQHFDOOVDQG
PHHWLQJV EHWZHHQ WKH SDUWLHV WKHUH ZDV QR PDWFKLQJ RIIHU DQG DFFHSWDQFH
DQGVRQRFRQWUDFW
7KH &RXUW RI $SSHDO KHOG WKDW WKH IDFW WKDW WKHUH ZDV QR ZULWWHQ IRUPDO
FRQWUDFWZDVLUUHOHYDQWDFRQWUDFWFRXOGEHFRQFOXGHGE\FRQGXFW3ODLQO\WKH
SDUWLHVLQWHQGHGWRHQWHULQWRDFRQWUDFWWKHH[FKDQJHVEHWZHHQWKHPDQGWKH
FDUU\LQJ RXW RI LQVWUXFWLRQV LQ WKRVH H[FKDQJHV DOO VXSSRUWHG 7¶V DUJXPHQW
WKDWWKHUHZDVDFRXUVHRIGHDOLQJEHWZHHQWKHSDUWLHVZKLFKDPRXQWHGWRD
YDOLGZRUNLQJFRQWUDFW6WH\Q/-SRLQWHGRXWWKDW
D
7KHFRXUWVWDNHDQREMHFWLYHDSSURDFKWRGHFLGLQJLIDFRQWUDFWKDV
EHHQ PDGH
E
,Q WKH YDVW PDMRULW\ RI FDVHV D PDWFKLQJ RIIHU DQG DFFHSWDQFH ZLOO
FUHDWH D FRQWUDFW EXW WKLV LV QRW QHFHVVDU\ IRU D FRQWUDFW EDVHG RQ
SHUIRUPDQFH
+\GHY:UHQFK -XQH :RIIHUHGWRVHOOKLVHVWDWHWR+IRU +RIIHUHG -XQH : UHMHFWHG+¶VRIIHU
-XQH + RIIHUHG : UHIXVHG WR VHOO DQG + VXHG IRU EUHDFK RI
FRQWUDFW
/RUG/DQJGDOH05KHOGWKDWLIWKHGHIHQGDQW¶VRIIHUWRVHOOIRU KDGEHHQ
XQFRQGLWLRQDOO\ DFFHSWHG WKHUH ZRXOG KDYH EHHQ D ELQGLQJ FRQWUDFW LQVWHDG
WKHSODLQWLIIPDGHDQRIIHURIKLVRZQRI DQGWKHUHE\UHMHFWHGWKHRIIHU
SUHYLRXVO\ PDGH E\ WKH GHIHQGDQW ,W ZDV QRW DIWHUZDUGV FRPSHWHQW IRU WKH
SODLQWLIIWRUHYLYHWKHSURSRVDORIWKHGHIHQGDQWE\WHQGHULQJDQDFFHSWDQFHRI
ZZZODZWHDFKHUFRXN
$VLI7XIDO
LW DQG WKDW WKHUHIRUH WKHUH H[LVWHG QR REOLJDWLRQ RI DQ\ VRUW EHWZHHQ WKH
SDUWLHV
6WHYHQVRQY0F/HDQ 2Q6DWXUGD\WKHGHIHQGDQWRIIHUHGWRVHOOLURQWRWKHSODLQWLIIDWVKLOOLQJVD
WRQ RSHQ XQWLO 0RQGD\ 2Q 0RQGD\ DW DP WKH SODLQWLII VHQW D WHOHJUDP
DVNLQJLIKHFRXOGKDYHFUHGLWWHUPV$WSPWKHSODLQWLIIVHQWDWHOHJUDP
DFFHSWLQJ WKH GHIHQGDQW¶V RIIHU EXW DW SP WKH GHIHQGDQW KDG VHQW D
WHOHJUDP µ6ROG LURQ WR WKLUG SDUW\¶ DUULYLQJ DW SP 7KH SODLQWLII VXHG WKH
GHIHQGDQWIRUEUHDFKRIFRQWUDFWDQGWKHGHIHQGDQWDUJXHGWKDWWKHSODLQWLII¶V
WHOHJUDP ZDV D FRXQWHURIIHU VR WKH SODLQWLII¶V VHFRQG WHOHJUDP FRXOG QRW EH
DQDFFHSWDQFH
,WZDVKHOGWKDWWKHSODLQWLII¶VILUVWWHOHJUDPZDVQRWDFRXQWHURIIHUEXWRQO\DQ
HQTXLU\VRDELQGLQJFRQWUDFWZDVPDGHE\WKHSODLQWLII¶VVHFRQGWHOHJUDP
%XWOHU0DFKLQH7RROY([&HOO2&RUSRUDWLRQ 7KH SODLQWLIIV RIIHUHG WR VHOO D PDFKLQH WR WKH GHIHQGDQWV 7KH WHUPV RI WKH
RIIHU LQFOXGHG D FRQGLWLRQ WKDW DOO RUGHUV ZHUH DFFHSWHG RQO\ RQ WKH VHOOHUV¶
WHUPV ZKLFK ZHUH WR SUHYDLO RYHU DQ\ WHUPV DQG FRQGLWLRQV LQ WKH EX\HUV¶
RUGHU 7KH GHIHQGDQWV UHSOLHG RUGHULQJ WKH PDFKLQH EXW RQ GLIIHUHQW WHUPV
DQGFRQGLWLRQV$WWKHIRRWRIWKHRUGHUZDVDWHDURIIVOLSUHDGLQJ³:HDFFHSW
\RXURUGHURQWKH7HUPVDQG&RQGLWLRQVVWDWHGWKHUHRQ´7KHSODLQWLIIVVLJQHG
DQGUHWXUQHGLWZULWLQJ³\RXURIILFLDORUGHU«LVEHLQJHQWHUHGLQDFFRUGDQFH
ZLWKRXUUHYLVHGTXRWDWLRQ«´
7KH &RXUW RI $SSHDO KDG WR GHFLGH RQ ZKLFK VHW RI WHUPV WKH FRQWUDFW ZDV
PDGH/RUG'HQQLQJ05VWDWHG
,Q PDQ\ RI WKHVH FDVHV RXU WUDGLWLRQDO DQDO\VLV RI RIIHU FRXQWHURIIHU
UHMHFWLRQDFFHSWDQFHDQGVRIRUWKLVRXWRIGDWH7KLVZDVREVHUYHGE\/RUG
:LOEHUIRUFHLQ1HZ=HDODQG6KLSSLQJ&R/WGY$06DWWHUWKZDLWH7KHEHWWHU
ZD\ LV WR ORRN DW DOO WKH GRFXPHQWV SDVVLQJ EHWZHHQ WKH SDUWLHV DQG JOHDQ
IURP WKHP RU IURP WKH FRQGXFW RI WKH SDUWLHV ZKHWKHU WKH\ KDYH UHDFKHG
DJUHHPHQW RQ DOO PDWHULDO SRLQWV HYHQ WKRXJK WKHUH PD\ EH GLIIHUHQFHV
EHWZHHQ WKH IRUPV DQG FRQGLWLRQV SULQWHG RQ WKH EDFN RI WKHP $V /RUG
&DLUQV/&VDLGLQ%URJGHQY0HWURSROLWDQ5DLOZD\&R « WKHUH PD\ EH D FRQVHQVXV EHWZHHQ WKH SDUWLHV IDU VKRUW RI D FRPSOHWH
PRGHRIH[SUHVVLQJLWDQGWKDWFRQVHQVXV PD\EHGLVFRYHUHGIURPOHWWHUVRU
IURPRWKHUGRFXPHQWVRIDQ LPSHUIHFWDQGLQFRPSOHWHGHVFULSWLRQ
$SSO\LQJWKLVJXLGHLWZLOOEHIRXQGWKDWLQPRVWFDVHVZKHQWKHUHLVD³EDWWOH
RI IRUPV´ WKHUH LV D FRQWUDFW DV VRRQ DV WKH ODVW RI WKH IRUPV LV VHQW DQG
UHFHLYHGZLWKRXWREMHFWLRQEHLQJWDNHQWRLW7KHUHIRUHMXGJPHQWZDVHQWHUHG
IRUWKHEX\HUV
*15Y:LWKDP *15DGYHUWLVHGIRUWHQGHUVIRUWKHVXSSO\RIVWRUHVDQG:UHSOLHGµ,XQGHUWDNH
WR VXSSO\ WKH FRPSDQ\ IRU PRQWKV ZLWK VXFK TXDQWLWLHV DV WKH FRPSDQ\
PD\ RUGHU IURP WLPH WR WLPH¶ *15 DFFHSWHG WKLV WHQGHU DQG SODFHG RUGHUV
ZKLFK:VXSSOLHG:KHQ:ODWHUUHIXVHGWRVXSSO\LWZDVKHOGWKDW:¶VWHQGHU
ZDV D VWDQGLQJ RIIHU ZKLFK *15 FRXOG DFFHSW E\ SODFLQJ DQ RUGHU :¶V
UHIXVDOZDVDEUHDFKRIFRQWUDFWEXWLWDOVRUHYRNHG:¶VVWDQGLQJRIIHUIRUWKH
IXWXUHVR:GLGQRWKDYHWRPHHWDQ\IXUWKHURUGHUV
ZZZODZWHDFKHUFRXN
$VLI7XIDO
/RUG'HQQLQJLQ(QWRUHVY0LOHV)DU(DVW&RUS ,I D PDQ VKRXWV DQ RIIHU WR D PDQ DFURVV D ULYHU EXW WKH UHSO\ LV QRW KHDUG
EHFDXVH RI D SODQH IO\LQJ RYHUKHDG WKHUH LV QR FRQWUDFW 7KH RIIHUHH PXVW
ZDLWDQGWKHQVKRXWEDFNKLVDFFHSWDQFHVRWKDWWKHRIIHURUFDQKHDULW
3RZHOOY/HH 7KH SODLQWLII DSSOLHG IRU D MRE DV KHDGPDVWHU DQG WKH VFKRRO PDQDJHUV
GHFLGHGWRDSSRLQWKLP2QHRIWKHPDFWLQJZLWKRXWDXWKRULW\WROGWKHSODLQWLII
KHKDGEHHQDFFHSWHG/DWHUWKHPDQDJHUVGHFLGHGWRDSSRLQWVRPHRQHHOVH
7KHSODLQWLIIEURXJKWDQDFWLRQDOOHJLQJWKDWE\EUHDFKRIDFRQWUDFWWRHPSOR\
KLPKHKDGVXIIHUHGGDPDJHVLQORVVRIVDODU\7KHFRXQW\FRXUWMXGJHKHOG
WKDWWKHUHZDVQRFRQWUDFWDVWKHUHKDGEHHQQRDXWKRULVHG FRPPXQLFDWLRQRI
LQWHQWLRQWRFRQWUDFWRQWKHSDUWRIWKHERG\WKDWLVWKHPDQDJHUVDOOHJHGWR
EH D SDUW\ WR WKH FRQWUDFW 7KLV GHFLVLRQ ZDV XSKHOG E\ WKH .LQJ¶V %HQFK
'LYLVLRQ
)HOWKRXVHY%LQGOH\ 7KHSODLQWLIIGLVFXVVHGEX\LQJDKRUVHIURPKLVQHSKHZDQGZURWHWRKLP³,I,
KHDUQRPRUHDERXWKLP,FRQVLGHUWKHKRUVHPLQH«´7KHQHSKHZGLGQRW
UHSO\EXWZDQWHGWRVHOOWKHKRUVHWRWKHSODLQWLIIDQGZKHQKHZDVKDYLQJD
VDOH WROG WKH GHIHQGDQW DXFWLRQHHU QRW WR VHOO WKH KRUVH %\ PLVWDNH WKH
GHIHQGDQW VROG WKH KRUVH 7KH SODLQWLII VXHG WKH GHIHQGDQW LQ WKH WRUW RI
FRQYHUVLRQEXWFRXOGRQO\VXFFHHGLIKHFRXOGVKRZWKDWWKHKRUVHZDVKLV
,WZDVKHOGWKDWWKHXQFOHKDGQRULJKWWRLPSRVHXSRQWKHQHSKHZDVDOHRI
KLVKRUVHXQOHVVKHFKRVHWRFRPSO\ZLWKWKHFRQGLWLRQRIZULWLQJWRUHSXGLDWH
WKHRIIHU,WZDVFOHDUWKDWWKHQHSKHZLQWHQGHGKLVXQFOHWRKDYHWKHKRUVH
EXW KHKDGQRWFRPPXQLFDWHG KLVLQWHQWLRQ WRKLV XQFOHRUGRQHDQ\WKLQJ WR
ELQG KLPVHOI 1RWKLQJ WKHUHIRUH KDG EHHQ GRQH WR YHVW WKH SURSHUW\ LQ WKH
KRUVHLQWKHSODLQWLII7KHUHKDGEHHQQREDUJDLQWRSDVVWKHSURSHUW\LQWKH
KRUVHWRWKHSODLQWLIIDQGWKHUHIRUHKHKDGQRULJKWWRFRPSODLQRIWKHVDOH
(QWRUHVY0LOHV)DU(DVW&RUS 7KHSODLQWLIIVLQ/RQGRQPDGHDQRIIHUE\7HOH[WRWKHGHIHQGDQWVLQ+ROODQG
7KHGHIHQGDQW¶VDFFHSWDQFHZDVUHFHLYHGRQWKHSODLQWLIIV¶7HOH[PDFKLQHLQ
/RQGRQ7KHSODLQWLIIVVRXJKWOHDYHWRVHUYHQRWLFHRIDZULWRQWKHGHIHQGDQWV
FODLPLQJ GDPDJHV IRU EUHDFK RI FRQWUDFW 6HUYLFH RXW RI WKH MXULVGLFWLRQ LV
DOORZHG WR HQIRUFH D FRQWUDFW PDGH ZLWKLQ WKH WKH MXULVGLFWLRQ 7KH &RXUW RI
$SSHDOKDGWRGHFLGHZKHUHWKHFRQWUDFWZDVPDGH
'HQQLQJ /- VWDWHG WKDW WKH UXOH DERXW LQVWDQWDQHRXV FRPPXQLFDWLRQV
EHWZHHQWKHSDUWLHVLVGLIIHUHQWIURPWKHUXOHDERXWWKHSRVW7KHFRQWUDFWLV
RQO\ FRPSOHWH ZKHQ WKH DFFHSWDQFH LV UHFHLYHG E\ WKH RIIHURU DQG WKH
FRQWUDFWLVPDGHDWWKHSODFHZKHUHWKHDFFHSWDQFHLVUHFHLYHG7KHFRQWUDFW
ZDVPDGHLQ/RQGRQZKHUHWKHDFFHSWDQFHZDVUHFHLYHG7KHUHIRUHVHUYLFH
FRXOGEHPDGHRXWVLGHWKHMXULVGLFWLRQ
7KH%ULPQHV 7KH GHIHQGDQWV KLUHG D VKLS IURP WKH SODLQWLII VKLSRZQHUV 7KH VKLSRZQHUV
FRPSODLQHGRIDEUHDFKRIWKHFRQWUDFW7KHVKLSRZQHUVVHQWDPHVVDJHE\
7HOH[ZLWKGUDZLQJWKHVKLSIURPVHUYLFHEHWZHHQDQGRQ$SULO
,WZDVQRWXQWLOWKHIROORZLQJPRUQLQJWKDWWKHGHIHQGDQWVVDZWKHPHVVDJHRI
ZLWKGUDZDORQWKHPDFKLQH
(GPXQG'DYLHV /- DJUHHG ZLWK WKH FRQFOXVLRQ RI WKH WULDO MXGJH 7KH WULDO
MXGJH KHOG WKDW WKH QRWLFH RI ZLWKGUDZDO ZDV VHQW GXULQJ RUGLQDU\ EXVLQHVV
KRXUVDQGWKDWKHZDVGULYHQWRWKHFRQFOXVLRQHLWKHUWKDWWKHFKDUWHUHUV¶VWDII
KDGOHIWWKHRIILFHRQ$SULOµZHOOEHIRUHWKHHQGRIRUGLQDU\EXVLQHVVKRXUV¶RU
ZZZODZWHDFKHUFRXN
$VLI7XIDO
WKDW LI WKH\ ZHUH LQGHHG WKHUH WKH\ µQHJOHFWHG WR SD\ DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH 7HOH[
PDFKLQH LQ WKH ZD\ WKH\ FODLPHG LW ZDV WKHLU RUGLQDU\ SUDFWLFH WR GR¶ +H
WKHUHIRUH FRQFOXGHG WKDW WKH ZLWKGUDZDO 7HOH[ PXVW EH UHJDUGHG DV KDYLQJ
EHHQ µUHFHLYHG¶ DW KRXUV DQG WKDW WKH ZLWKGUDZDO ZDV HIIHFWHG DW WKDW
WLPH
1RWH $OWKRXJK WKLV LV D FDVH FRQFHUQLQJ WKH WHUPLQDWLRQ RI D FRQWUDFW WKH
VDPHUXOHFRXOGDSSO\WRWKHZLWKGUDZDODQGDFFHSWDQFHRIDQRIIHU
%ULQNLERQY6WDKDJ6WDKO 7KH EX\HUV DQ (QJOLVK FRPSDQ\ E\ D WHOH[ VHQW IURP /RQGRQ WR 9LHQQD
DFFHSWHGWKHWHUPVRIVDOHRIIHUHGE\WKHVHOOHUVDQ$XVWULDQFRPSDQ\7KH
EX\HUVLVVXHGDZULWFODLPLQJGDPDJHVIRUEUHDFKRIWKHFRQWUDFW
7KH +RXVH RI /RUGV KHOG WKDW WKH VHUYLFH RI WKH ZULW VKRXOG EH VHW DVLGH
EHFDXVHWKHFRQWUDFWKDGQRWEHHQPDGHZLWKLQWKHFRXUW¶VMXULVGLFWLRQ/RUG
:LOEHUIRUFHVWDWHGWKDWWKHSUHVHQWFDVHLVDV(QWRUHV LWVHOIWKHVLPSOHFDVH
RILQVWDQWDQHRXVFRPPXQLFDWLRQEHWZHHQSULQFLSDOVDQGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK
WKHJHQHUDOUXOHLQYROYHVWKDWWKHFRQWUDFW LIDQ\ ZDVPDGHZKHQDQGZKHUH
WKHDFFHSWDQFHZDVUHFHLYHG7KLVZDVLQ9LHQQD
$GDPVY/LQGVHOO 6HSW 7KHGHIHQGDQWZURWHWRWKHSODLQWLIIRIIHULQJWRVHOOJRRGVDVNLQJIRUD
UHSO\³LQWKHFRXUVHRISRVW´
6HSW 7KHSODLQWLIIUHFHLYHGWKHOHWWHUDQGVHQWDOHWWHURIDFFHSWDQFH
6HSW 7KHGHIHQGDQWUHFHLYHGWKHSODLQWLII¶VDFFHSWDQFHEXWRQ6HSWKDG
VROGWKHJRRGVWRDWKLUGSDUW\
,W ZDV KHOG WKDW D ELQGLQJ FRQWUDFW ZDV PDGH ZKHQ WKH SODLQWLII SRVWHG WKH
OHWWHURIDFFHSWDQFHRQ 6HSWVRWKHGHIHQGDQWZDVLQEUHDFKRIFRQWUDFW
+RXVHKROGY*UDQW *DSSOLHGIRUVKDUHVLQWKHSODLQWLIIFRPSDQ\$OHWWHURIDOORWPHQWRIVKDUHV
ZDVSRVWHGEXW*QHYHUUHFHLYHGLW:KHQWKHFRPSDQ\ZHQWLQWROLTXLGDWLRQ
*ZDVDVNHGDVDVKDUHKROGHUWRFRQWULEXWHWKHDPRXQWVWLOORXWVWDQGLQJRQ
WKHVKDUHVKHKHOG7KHWULDOMXGJHIRXQGIRUWKHSODLQWLII
7KH &RXUW RI $SSHDO DIILUPHG WKH MXGJPHQW 7KHVLJHU /- VWDWHG WKDW ³8SRQ
EDODQFHRIFRQYHQLHQFHVDQGLQFRQYHQLHQFHV LWVHHPVWRPH«LWZDVPRUH
FRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKHDFWVDQGGHFODUDWLRQVRIWKHSDUWLHVLQWKLVFDVHWRFRQVLGHU
WKHFRQWUDFWFRPSOHWHDQGDEVROXWHO\ELQGLQJRQWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQRIWKHQRWLFH
RI DOORWPHQW WKURXJK WKH SRVW DV WKH PHGLXP RI FRPPXQLFDWLRQ WKDW WKH
SDUWLHV WKHPVHOYHV FRQWHPSODWHG LQVWHDG RI SRVWSRQLQJ LWV FRPSOHWLRQ XQWLO
WKHQRWLFHKDGEHHQUHFHLYHGE\WKHGHIHQGDQW´
+ROZHOO6HFXULWLHVY+XJKHV 7KH GHIHQGDQW JDYH WKH SODLQWLII DQ RSWLRQ WR EX\ SURSHUW\ ZKLFK FRXOG EH
H[HUFLVHG ³E\QRWLFH LQ ZULWLQJ´ 7KH SODLQWLIIV SRVWHG D OHWWHU H[HUFLVLQJ WKLV
RSWLRQ EXW WKH OHWWHU ZDV ORVW LQ WKH SRVW DQG WKH SODLQWLIIV FODLPHG VSHFLILF
SHUIRUPDQFH7KH&RXUWRI$SSHDOKHOGWKDWWKHRSWLRQKDGQRWEHHQYDOLGO\
H[HUFLVHG /DZWRQ /- VWDWHG WKDW WKH SODLQWLIIV ZHUH XQDEOH WR GR ZKDW WKH
DJUHHPHQW VDLG WKH\ ZHUH WR GR QDPHO\ IL[ WKH GHIHQGDQW ZLWK NQRZOHGJH
WKDW WKH\ KDG GHFLGHG WR EX\ KLV SURSHUW\ 7KHUH ZDV QR URRP IRU WKH
DSSOLFDWLRQRIWKHSRVWDOUXOHVLQFHWKHRSWLRQDJUHHPHQWVWLSXODWHGZKDWKDG
WREHGRQHWRH[HUFLVHWKHRSWLRQ
ZZZODZWHDFKHUFRXN
$VLI7XIDO
7LQQY+RIIPDQ $FFHSWDQFH ZDV UHTXHVWHGE\ UHWXUQRISRVW +RQH\PDQ- VDLG ³7KDWGRHV
QRWPHDQH[FOXVLYHO\DUHSO\E\OHWWHURUUHWXUQRISRVWEXW\RXPD\UHSO\E\
WHOHJUDPRUE\YHUEDOPHVVDJHRUE\DQ\RWKHUPHDQVQRWODWHUWKDQDOHWWHU
ZULWWHQE\UHWXUQRISRVW´
<DWHVY3XOOH\Q 7KH GHIHQGDQW JUDQWHG WKH SODLQWLII DQ RSWLRQ WR EX\ ODQG H[HUFLVDEOH E\
QRWLFH LQ ZULWLQJ WR EH VHQW E\ ³UHJLVWHUHG RU UHFRUGHG GHOLYHU\ SRVW´ 7KH
SODLQWLII VHQWDOHWWHUDFFHSWLQJWKLVRIIHUE\RUGLQDU\SRVWZKLFKZDVUHFHLYHG
E\WKHGHIHQGDQWZKRUHIXVHGWRDFFHSWLWDVYDOLG
,W ZDV KHOG WKDW WKLV PHWKRG RI DFFHSWDQFH ZDV YDOLG DQG ZDV QR
GLVDGYDQWDJH WR WKH RIIHURU DV WKH PHWKRG VWLSXODWHG ZDV RQO\ WRHQVXUH
GHOLYHU\DQGWKDWKDGKDSSHQHG
5Y&ODUNH $XVWUDOLD
7KH *RYHUQPHQW RIIHUHG D UHZDUG IRU LQIRUPDWLRQ OHDGLQJ WR WKH DUUHVW RI
FHUWDLQPXUGHUHUV DQGD SDUGRQ WR DQ DFFRPSOLFH ZKRJDYH WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ
&ODUNHVDZWKHSURFODPDWLRQ+HJDYHLQIRUPDWLRQZKLFKOHGWRWKHFRQYLFWLRQ
RI WKH PXUGHUHUV +H DGPLWWHG WKDW KLV RQO\ REMHFW LQ GRLQJ VR ZDV WR FOHDU
KLPVHOI RI D FKDUJH RI PXUGHU DQG WKDW KH KDG QR LQWHQWLRQ RI FODLPLQJ WKH
UHZDUG DW WKDW WLPH +H VXHG WKH &URZQ IRU WKH UHZDUG 7KH +LJK &RXUW RI
$XVWUDOLD GLVPLVVHG KLV FODLP +LJJLQV - VWDWHG WKDW ³&ODUNH KDG VHHQ WKH
RIIHULQGHHGEXWLWZDVQRWSUHVHQWWRKLVPLQG± KHKDGIRUJRWWHQLWDQGJDYH
QRFRQVLGHUDWLRQWRLWLQKLVLQWHQVHH[FLWHPHQWDVWRKLVRZQGDQJHU7KHUH
FDQQRW EHDVVHQWZLWKRXWNQRZOHGJHRIWKHRIIHUDQGLJQRUDQFHRIWKHRIIHULV
WKH VDPH WKLQJ ZKHWKHU LW LV GXH WR QHYHU KHDULQJ RI LW RU IRUJHWWLQJ LW DIWHU
KHDULQJ´
:LOOLDPVY&DUZDUGLQH 7KHGHIHQGDQWRIIHUHGDUHZDUGIRULQIRUPDWLRQOHDGLQJWRWKHFRQYLFWLRQRID
PXUGHUHU7KHSODLQWLIINQHZRIWKLVRIIHUDQGJDYHLQIRUPDWLRQWKDWLWZDVKHU
KXVEDQG DIWHU KH KDG EHDWHQ KHU EHOLHYLQJ VKH KDG QRW ORQJ WR OLYH DQG WR
HDVHKHUFRQVFLHQFH,WZDVKHOGWKDWWKHSODLQWLIIZDVHQWLWOHGWRWKHUHZDUG
DVVKHNQHZDERXWLWDQGKHUPRWLYHLQJLYLQJWKHLQIRUPDWLRQZDVLUUHOHYDQW
7(50,1$7,212)7+(2))(5
%\UQHY9DQ7LHQKRYHQ 2FW
2FW
2FW
2FW
'SRVWHGDOHWWHURIIHULQJJRRGVIRUVDOH
'UHYRNHGWKHRIIHUZKLFKDUULYHGRQ2FW
3DFFHSWHGE\ WHOHJUDP
3SRVWHGDOHWWHUFRQILUPLQJDFFHSWDQFH
,W ZDV KHOG WKDW WKH GHIHQGDQW¶V UHYRFDWLRQ ZDV QRW HIIHFWLYH XQWLO LW ZDV
WK
UHFHLYHGRQ2FW7KLVZDVWRRODWHDVWKHFRQWUDFWZDVPDGHRQWKH
ZKHQWKHSODLQWLIIVHQWDWHOHJUDP-XGJPHQW ZDVJLYHQIRUWKHSODLQWLIIV
'LFNLQVRQY'RGGV 'RGGVRIIHUHG WRVHOO KLV KRXVH WR 'LFNLQVRQWKHRIIHUEHLQJ RSHQ XQWLODP
)ULGD\2Q7KXUVGD\'RGGVVROGWKHKRXVHWR$OODQ'LFNLQVRQZDVWROGRI
WKH VDOH E\ %HUU\ WKH HVWDWH DJHQW DQG KHGHOLYHUHG DQ DFFHSWDQFH EHIRUH
DP )ULGD\ 7KH WULDO MXGJH DZDUGHG 'LFNLQVRQ D GHFUHH RI VSHFLILF
SHUIRUPDQFH7KH&RXUWRI$SSHDOUHYHUVHGWKHGHFLVLRQRIWKHMXGJH
ZZZODZWHDFKHUFRXN
$VLI7XIDO
-DPHV /- VWDWHG WKDW WKHSODLQWLIINQHZ WKDW 'RGGV ZDV QR ORQJHU PLQGHG WR
VHOOWKHSURSHUW\WRKLPDVSODLQO\DQGFOHDUO\DVLI'RGGVKDGWROGKLPLQVR
PDQ\ZRUGV³,ZLWKGUDZWKHRIIHU´7KLVZDVHYLGHQWIURPWKHSODLQWLII¶VRZQ
VWDWHPHQWV,WZDVFOHDUWKDWEHIRUHWKHUHZDVDQ\DWWHPSWDWDFFHSWDQFHE\
WKH SODLQWLII KH ZDV SHUIHFWO\ZHOO DZDUH WKDW 'RGGV KDG FKDQJHG KLV PLQG
DQGWKDWKHKDG LQIDFWDJUHHGWRVHOOWKHSURSHUW\WR$OODQ,WZDVLPSRVVLEOH
WKHUHIRUHWRVD\WKHUHZDVHYHUWKDWH[LVWHQFHRIWKHVDPHPLQGEHWZHHQWKH
WZRSDUWLHVZKLFKLVHVVHQWLDOLQSRLQWRIODZWRWKHPDNLQJRIDQDJUHHPHQW
6KXH\Y86 2Q $SULO WKH 6HFUHWDU\ RI :DU SXEOLVKHG LQ WKH SXEOLF QHZVSDSHUV
DQG LVVXHG D SURFODPDWLRQ DQQRXQFLQJ WKDW OLEHUDO UHZDUGV ZLOO EH SDLG IRU
DQ\ LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW OHDGV WR WKH DUUHVW RI FHUWDLQ QDPHGFULPLQDOV 7KH
SURFODPDWLRQZDVQRWOLPLWHGLQWHUPVWRDQ\VSHFLILFSHULRG2Q1RYHPEHU
WKH3UHVLGHQWLVVXHGDQRUGHUUHYRNLQJWKHRIIHURIWKHUHZDUG,Q
WKH FODLPDQW GLVFRYHUHG DQG LGHQWLILHG RQH RI WKH QDPHG SHUVRQV DQG
LQIRUPHG WKH DXWKRULWLHV +H ZDV DW DOO WLPHV XQDZDUH WKDW WKH RIIHU RI WKH
UHZDUGKDGEHHQUHYRNHG
7KHFODLPDQW¶VSHWLWLRQZDVGLVPLVVHG,WZDVKHOGWKDWWKHRIIHURIDUHZDUG
ZDVUHYRNHGRQ1RYHPEHUDQGQRWLFHRIWKHUHYRFDWLRQZDVSXEOLVKHG,W
ZDV ZLWKGUDZQ WKURXJK WKH VDPH FKDQQHO LQ ZKLFK LW ZDV PDGH ,W ZDV
LPPDWHULDOWKDWWKHFODLPDQWZDVLJQRUDQWRIWKHZLWKGUDZDO7KHRIIHURIWKH
UHZDUG QRW KDYLQJ EHHQ PDGH WR KLP GLUHFWO\ EXW E\ PHDQV RI D SXEOLVKHG
SURFODPDWLRQKHVKRXOGKDYHNQRZQWKDWLWFRXOGEHUHYRNHGLQWKHPDQQHULQ
ZKLFKLWZDVPDGH
(UULQJWRQY(UULQJWRQDQG:RRGV $ IDWKHU ERXJKW D KRXVH RQ PRUWJDJH IRU KLV VRQ DQG GDXJKWHULQODZ DQG
SURPLVHGWKHPWKDWLIWKH\SDLGRIIWKHPRUWJDJHWKH\FRXOGKDYHWKHKRXVH
7KH\ EHJDQ WRGR WKLV EXW EHIRUH WKH\ KDG ILQLVKHG SD\LQJ WKH IDWKHU GLHG
+LVZLGRZFODLPHGWKHKRXVH 7KHGDXJKWHULQODZ ZDVJUDQWHGSRVVHVVLRQ
RIWKHKRXVHE\WKHWULDOMXGJHDQGWKH&RXUWRI$SSHDO
'HQQLQJ/-VWDWHG³7KHIDWKHU¶VSURPLVHZDVDXQLODWHUDOFRQWUDFW± DSURPLVH
RIWKHKRXVHLQUHWXUQIRUWKHLUDFWRISD\LQJWKHLQVWDOPHQWV,WFRXOGQRWEH
UHYRNHG E\ KLP RQFH WKH FRXSOH HQWHUHG RQ SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH DFW EXW LW
ZRXOGFHDVHWRELQGKLPLIWKH\OHIWLWLQFRPSOHWHDQGXQSHUIRUPHGZKLFKWKH\
KDYHQRWGRQH,IWKDWZDVWKHSRVLWLRQGXULQJWKHIDWKHU¶VOLIHWLPHVRLWPXVW
EH DIWHU KLV GHDWK ,I WKH GDXJKWHULQODZ FRQWLQXHV WR SD\ DOO WKH EXLOGLQJ
VRFLHW\LQVWDOPHQWVWKHFRXSOHZLOOEHHQWLWOHGWRKDYHWKHSURSHUW\WUDQVIHUUHG
WRWKHPDVVRRQDVWKHPRUWJDJHLVSDLGRIIEXWLIVKHGRHVQRWGRVRWKHQ
WKHEXLOGLQJVRFLHW\ZLOOFODLPWKHLQVWDOPHQWVIURPWKHIDWKHU¶VHVWDWHDQGWKH
HVWDWH ZLOO KDYH WR SD\ WKHP , FDQQRW WKLQN WKDW LQ WKRVH FLUFXPVWDQFHV WKH
HVWDWHZRXOGEHERXQGWRWUDQVIHUWKHKRXVHWRWKHPDQ\PRUHWKDQWKHIDWKHU
KLPVHOIZRXOGKDYHEHHQ´
'DXOLDY)RXU0LOOEDQN1RPLQHHV 7KH GHIHQGDQW RIIHUHG WR VHOO SURSHUW\ WR WKH SODLQWLII 7KH SDUWLHV DJUHHG
WHUPVDQGDJUHHGWRH[FKDQJHFRQWUDFWV7KHGHIHQGDQWDVNHGWKHSODLQWLIIWR
DWWHQG DW WKH GHIHQGDQW¶V RIILFH WR H[FKDQJH 7KH SODLQWLII DWWHQGHG EXW WKH
GHIHQGDQWVROGWRDWKLUGSDUW\IRUDKLJKHUSULFH,WZDVKHOGWKDWWKHFRQWUDFW
IHOOIRXORIV /DZRISURSHUW\$FWDQGWKHSODLQWLII¶VFODLPZDVVWUXFN
RXW+RZHYHU*RII/-VWDWHGRELWHU
,QXQLODWHUDOFRQWUDFWVWKHRIIHURULVHQWLWOHGWRUHTXLUHIXOOSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKH
FRQGLWLRQ LPSRVHG RWKHUZLVH KH LV QRW ERXQG 7KDW PXVW EH VXEMHFW WR RQH
LPSRUWDQWTXDOLILFDWLRQ± WKHUHPXVWEHDQLPSOLHGREOLJDWLRQRQWKHSDUWRIWKH
RIIHURUQRWWRSUHYHQWWKHFRQGLWLRQEHLQJVDWLVILHGDQREOLJDWLRQZKLFKDULVHV
DVVRRQDVWKHRIIHUHHVWDUWVWRSHUIRUP8QWLOWKHQWKHRIIHURUFDQUHYRNHWKH
ZZZODZWHDFKHUFRXN
$VLI7XIDO
ZKROHWKLQJEXWRQFHWKHRIIHUHHKDVHPEDUNHGRQSHUIRUPDQFHLWLVWRRODWH
IRUWKHRIIHURUWRUHYRNHKLVRIIHU
5DPVJDWHY0RQWHILRUH 2Q-XQHWKHGHIHQGDQWRIIHUHGWREX\VKDUHVLQWKHSODLQWLIIFRPSDQ\2Q
1RY WKHSODLQWLII DFFHSWHG EXW WKH GHIHQGDQWQR ORQJHUZDQWHG WKHP DQG
UHIXVHGWRSD\,WZDVKHOGWKDWWKH VL[PRQWKGHOD\EHWZHHQWKHRIIHULQ-XQH
DQG WKH DFFHSWDQFH LQ 1RYHPEHU ZDV XQUHDVRQDEOH DQG VR WKH RIIHU KDG
µODSVHG¶LHLWFRXOGQRORQJHUEHDFFHSWHGDQGWKHGHIHQGDQWZDVQRWOLDEOHIRU
WKHSULFHRIWKHVKDUHV
)LQDQFLQJV/WGY6WLPVRQ 7KH GHIHQGDQWDWWKHSUHPLVHVRIDGHDOHUVLJQHGDIRUPE\ZKLFKKHRIIHUHG
WR WDNH D FDU RQ +3 WHUPV IURP WKH SODLQWLIIV +H SDLG D GHSRVLW DQG ZDV
DOORZHGWRWDNHWKHFDUDZD\+HZDVGLVVDWLVILHGZLWKLWDQGUHWXUQHGLWWRWKH
GHDOHU VD\LQJ KH GLG QRW ZDQW LW 7KH FDU ZDV VWROHQ IURP WKH GHDOHU¶V
SUHPLVHV DQG GDPDJHG 7KH SODLQWLIIV QRW KDYLQJ EHHQ WROG WKDW WKH
GHIHQGDQWKDGUHWXUQHGWKHFDUVLJQHGWKH+3DJUHHPHQW
,WZDVKHOGE\WKH&RXUWRI$SSHDO D WKDWWKHGHIHQGDQWKDGUHYRNHGKLVRIIHU
E\UHWXUQLQJWKHFDUWRWKHGHDOHU E ,QYLHZRIDQH[SUHVVSURYLVLRQLQWKH
IRUP RI WKH FRQWUDFW WKDW WKH GHIHQGDQW KDG H[DPLQHG WKH FDU DQG VDWLVILHG
KLPVHOI WKDW LW ZDV LQ JRRG RUGHU DQG FRQGLWLRQ WKH RIIHU ZDV FRQGLWLRQDO RQ
WKH FDU UHPDLQLQJ LQ VXEVWDQWLDOO\ WKH VDPH FRQGLWLRQ XQWLO WKH PRPHQW RI
DFFHSWDQFH7KDWFRQGLWLRQQRWEHLQJIXOILOOHGWKHDFFHSWDQFHZDVLQYDOLG
%UDGEXU\Y0RUJDQ -0/HLJKUHTXHVWHG%UDGEXU\ &RWRJLYHFUHGLWWR+-/HLJKKLVEURWKHU-0
/HLJK JXDUDQWHHG KLV EURWKHU¶V DFFRXQW WR WKH H[WHQW RI %UDGEXU\
WKHUHDIWHUFUHGLWHG+-/HLJKLQWKHXVXDOZD\RIWKHLUEXVLQHVV-0/HLJKGLHG
EXW%UDGEXU\KDYLQJQRQRWLFHRUNQRZOHGJHRIKLVGHDWKFRQWLQXHGWRVXSSO\
+-/HLJKZLWKJRRGVRQFUHGLW-0/HLJK¶VH[HFXWRUV 0RUJDQ UHIXVHGWRSD\
DUJXLQJ WKDW WKH\ ZHUH QRW OLDEOH DV WKH GHEWV ZHUH FRQWUDFWHG DQG LQFXUUHG
DIWHUWKHGHDWKRI-0/HLJKDQGQRWLQKLVOLIHWLPH-XGJPHQWZDVJLYHQIRUWKH
SODLQWLIIV%UDGEXU\
ZZZODZWHDFKHUFRXN
Download