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32
Eighteenth-Century
Chamber Music Style
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Listening Guide
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oll
)
-
Haydn: String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 2 (Quinten), Fourth Movement
89"GDB
DATE OF WORK:
89"GDB
1797
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KEY:
MOVEMENTS:
D minor
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89"GDB
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I. Allegro; sonata-allegro form, D minor
II. Andante o più tosto allegretto; theme and variations form,
D major/D minor
III. Menuetto, Allegro ma non troppo; minuet and trio form, D minor
IV. Vivace assai; sonata-allegro form, D minor/D major
Fourth Movement: Vivace assai (Very lively); 2/4 meter, D minor/major
WHAT TO LISTEN FOR:
Folklike character, with strongly syncopated dance rhythms.
Opening theme introduced by first violin, stated in 2 parts, each
repeated (A-A-B-B).
First violin dominates the melody throughout.
Shift from opening minor key (D minor) to brighter, major key (D major).
Clear, penetrating timbre of Classical period instruments.
EXPOSITION
Theme 1
a—8 measures, first violin ends with upward sweep, which is held; section is repeated:
Vivace assai
≤ .
.
2 œj œ >œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ
b
4
&
J
p J
Uœ
#œ. œ. œ œ nœ œ œ œ. #œ. œ. œ œ nœ œ Uœ
J {
œ
&b
b—12 measures, tune in first violin; section is repeated.
Bridge—denser texture; pedal sustained in cello, second violin has tune; unison writing leads to
theme 2.
Theme 2—gentle tune in violins, F major:
œ.
¬ b‰ J
&
Vn. 2 œ.
L& b ‰ J
Vn. 1
œ œ œ.
.
œ œ œ œœ
œ œ œ.
œ œ œ œ.
j .j
œ œ œ
œ.
œ
J
.œ
œ.
‰
‰
J
J
Closing—more animated, disjunct theme builds to close over pedal in cello.
DEVELOPMENT
Based on theme 2.
Listening Guide continues
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CLASSICAL CHAMBER MUSIC
RECAPITULATION
Theme 1—heard first in D minor, as in exposition.
Theme 1—in D major (see key signature), now in first violin, played softly:
# # œ. >œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ œ. >œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ
& J
J
π
Theme 2—heard in D major.
Closing—disjunct theme, D major.
Coda—quick triplet figures in first violin build to fortissimo chords at end.
33
Mozart and Chamber Music
“People make a mistake who think that my art has come easily to me.
Nobody has devoted so much time and thought to composition as I. There
is not a famous master whose music I have not studied over and over.”
BA
KEY POINTS
o
o
The Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart was a child prodigy who started to write
music before the age of five.
Although he lived only thirty-five years, Mozart
made significant contributions to nearly all musical genres, including the symphony, sonata, concerto, chamber music, sacred music, and various
o
o
StudySpace online at www.wwnorton.com/enjoy
types of opera (buffa, or comic; seria, or serious;
and Singspiel, or with spoken dialogue).
Mozart’s music is notable for its lyrical melodies,
colorful orchestration, and dramatic content.
One of Mozart’s best-known works is Eine kleine
Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music), a serenade for
strings.
Something of the miraculous hovers about the music of Mozart. His masterful
melodic writing, his elegance of style, and his rich instrumental colors sound effortless. This deceptive simplicity is the secret of his art.
His Life
A
Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) was born in Salzburg, Austria, the son
of Leopold Mozart, an esteemed composer-violinist at the court of the Archbishop
of Salzburg. Wolfgang began his career as the most extraordinarily gifted child in
the history of music. He first started to compose before he was five, and, with his
talented sister Nannerl, performed at the court of Empress Maria Theresa at the
age of six. The following year, his ambitious father organized a concert tour that