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Technical term used in Spanish laws referring
to the collecting of native inhabitants in
pueblos
“Pueblo” is an offshoot/branch of the
reduccion system
It has a plaza that served as the center of
religion, politics, and commerce area in a
specific place
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A territory under the immediate political
control of a state
A colony is divided into province, pueblo,
barangay
A province is composed of a number of
pueblos
A pueblo is composed of a number of
barangays
Central Government
System of Government
Local Government
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The power comes from the King of the Spain
The representative of the King of Spain in the
Philippines is the Spanish Governor-General
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Two branches:
Executive
Controlled by the Spanish
Governor General
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Judiciary
Controlled by the Royal
Audience, lower court, and
the Spanish Governor
General
There was no legislative branch of
government under the Spanish occupation
because all laws came fro Spanish through
royal decrees
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Implement all the directives and orders of the
King of the Spain
Serve as the chief of the Spanish army to the
Philippines
Manage and command the Spanish army to
protect the colony
Appoint and remove government officials
Manage and control any government office
Implement and execute justice; had a
pardoning power
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The most powerful political official in the
Philippines during the Spanish occupation
Representative of the King of Spain as the
head of the colonial government
His tenure of power depends on the
confidence of the Spanish Crown
His executive power is absolute; on the other
hand, his judicial and legislative powers are
limited
 First
Spanish
GovernorGeneral in the
Philippines
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This refers to the highest court of justice in
the Philippines during the Spanish occupation
This is equivalent to the Supreme Court of the
Philippines
It was established in 1584 ( Manila)
Santiago De Vera – first president
It was mandated to interpret all laws
It had the authority to solve cases pertaining
to human rights violation
It was tasked to audit all the expenses of the
colonial government
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This involved the land, the crops that can be
found in it, and the people living in it
The encomienda system was an old practice
in Spain wherein the King, in an effort to
recognize the good deeds, services, and
loyalty of his officers and men awarded o
piece of land
Those who received the encomiendas were
called encomienderos
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Protect the people from any kind of attacks
organized by armed groups
Take care of the general welfare of the people
Maintain peace and order within his
encomienda
Help the Spanish missionaries spread the
teachings of Christianity to the indigenous
people
Collect taxes from the people living within
hos encomienda
Provincial Government
Municipal Government
City Government
Barangay/ Barrio
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These were provinces whose inhabitants had
accepted the Spanish rule; “peaceful”
Ruled and governed by alcade mayor
Performed executive and judicial functions
 He was appointed by the Spanish Governor
General
 He was given the privileged engage in trade
 In 1886, the executive function was also
striped from the alcalde mayor because of
reported abuses of power
 With this, the executive function was
transferred to civil governor
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These were provinces whose inhabitants had
resistance/ conflict to Spanish rule
Also known as political-military districts
Ruled and governed by Corregidor
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It was a process to check if there were abuses
of powers committed by the Spanish
government officials. It also deterred
government officials from committing abuses
and injuring the rights of others
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It was the public investigation and trial of
outgoing colonial officials in order to
ascertain whether they had committed abuses
in the performance of their duties ( Agoncillo
and Mangahas)
This was usually conducted by the incoming
Spanish Governor-General
It was also mandated that the result of such
public investigation be sent to Spain for
further evaluation and report
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The investigation was conducted
clandestinely/secretly by a visitor-general
sent from Spain and might occur anytime
within the official’s term, without any
previous notice
The main purpose of this was the colonial
officials will work efficiently and honestly
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It was introduced officially in 1570.
In 1589 the value of the tribute was raised to
accommodate the needs of the church.
This was called the sanctorum
Filipinos between 16 to 60 years of age were
entitled to be taxed in cash or in kind and in full
or in installment basis.
The tribute was payable to the Spanish colonial
government
Payment of taxes was tantamount/equal to the
impression that an individual recognized the
power of the King of Spain
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It was abolished by the King of the Spain in
1884, it was being replaced by cedula
personal which is equivalent to the present
residence certificate
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Diezmos prediales- a kind of tax that was
comprised of one-tenth of the produce of the
land
For example, if the farmer harvests 30 pieces
of squash, the Spanish government has the
right to take three pieces of it as dienzmos
prediales
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Donativo de Zamboanga- a kind of tax that
was introduced in 1635 in order to invade
Jolo, Sulu
Vinta- a kind of tax that was paid by the
people of Luzon; the aimed to finance the
defense efforts of Spanish government
against Muslim pirates, who raided the
Visayas and Luzon for “slaves” that they
needed in their overseas trading
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One of the most abusive economic policies
that the Spanish government in the
Philippines had implemented
Due the Spain’s colonial power over the
Philippines, the Filipinos ( especially the
farmers) became the vassals of the Spain
A vassal refers to a person who has entered
into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch
The obligation includes military support and
mutual protection, in exchange for certain
privileges, usually including the grant of land
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The bandala system refers to the obligation of
Filipino farmers to sell their products to the
government at a minimum price.
However this economic policy was abused by the
Spanish authorities because they collected their
products even w/o paying the farmers
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The abuses were reported to the King of
Spain and it was abolished in 1782 in order to
avoid revolution from the Filipino farmers
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It is a form of forced labor
Filipino men who were 16 to 40 years of age
had the obligation to render community
service in the span of 40 days
The title of Filipino men who underwent polo
is polistas
One could be exempted from polo by paying
the falla
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Hacienda
Hacienda
Large land estates that
were owned by the Spanish
friars
Inquilinos
Group of people who took care the
friars haciendas
Inquilinos also hired people who
would do manual job. These
people were called
sharecroppers/kasama
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Generally
speaking, the
Spanish
government
authorities
supervised and
managed all its
trade operations
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With this, those individuals who occupied key
positions in the Spanish government and the
church were only allowed to engaged in this
trade
High- ranking officials of the State
Spanish friars
Crew of the galleons
This was an annual trade between Manila and
Acapulco Mexico
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The Spanish officials encouraged shipments
of products from Japan, China, Thailand,
India, Cambodia, Mallaca, and Indonesia
Examples of products shipped from the
Philippines to Mexico: silk, precious stones,
perfume, cotton-made fabric, ceramics,
coconut, carved woods, abaca, tobacco
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On the return trip the galleon ships would be
carrying European products
Examples of products shipped from Mexico to
the Philippines: chocolates, musical instruments
from France, wine, etc
Galleon ships did not only ship products from the
Philippines to Mexico, and vice versa
It also served as a means of transportation for
the following:
Funds from the king of Spain ( to be used as
operation funds of Spanish government in the
Philippines)
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Directives/ orders of the King of the Spain
Spanish passengers such as friars,
government officials, and travel/ tourist from
Mexico and Spain
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A ticket entitling an ordinary trader to engage
in the galleon trade. This would give a person
an access to ship goods to Mexico
A boleta was normally issued to the
Governor-Genera, clergy, members of Real/
royal Audiencia and their friends
It can be sold to anyone at a higher price
The money that friars loaned to traders on
the other hand, came from donations to the
church known as obras pias
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It was established by Governor General Basco
on March 1, 1782.
Under this monopoly, the provinces like
Cagayan Valley, Ilocos, Nueva Ecija, and
Marinduque were mandated by the
government to plant tobacco in their
agricultural lands
The produced would exclusively sold to the
government a lower price
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This was successful in increasing government
revenues
Under Governor- General Basco’s government,
the Philippines became the largest tobaccoproducing country in Asia
Many Filipinos benefit from this industry because
it generated jobs in cigarette factories
The reported abuses committed by Spanish
government officials in tobacco monopoly led to
its abolition in 1882 by Governor General Primo
de Rivera
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It was also known as the Sociedad Economic
de Amigo del Pais
It was also established by Governor-General
Basco on May 6, 1781. This was aimed to
help him find feasible solutions towards
economic growth and progress
It was composed of experts from different
important fields such as in the economy and
agriculture
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Factories and manufactures
Education
Natural history
Domestic and foreign commerce
Agriculture
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Also known as the Real Compana de Filipinas
It was established by Governor- General Basco in
1785 with a total capital amounting to P
8,000,000.
The main purpose of the company was to
establish direct trade relations with the
Philippines to Spain and to develop the former’s
natural resources
In accordance with the company’s charter, the
Philippines was mandated to set aside four
percent of its profits for agricultural
development
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Discuss briefly the following
Advantages of Spain’s economic policies to
the Philippines
Disadvantages of Spain’s economic policies to
the Philippines
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Revolution
It is a fundamental change in power or
organizational structures that takes place in a
relatively short period of time
Sulayman Revolt was the first recorded
uprising of the Filipinos against Spain
 During Tondo Revolt Filipinos were supplied
by Dionisio Fernandez and Juan Gayo
 Tamblot Revolt occurred in Bohol City
 Bancao Revolt happened in Leyte during
1622, aim is to reject Christianity and return
to the old religious faith.
 Roberto Sumuroy Revolt is to show their
resentment for the Spain’s law on labor
forced labor in the Philippines
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Dagohoy Revolt was the longest revolt in the
Philippines
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Despite the freedom
Despite the 333 years of Spanish colonization
and political rule, the Spaniards had not really
conquered the Filipinos
Objection to unfair economic policies
Aside from the political abuses committed by
Spanish authorities , Filipinos were
discontented on how the Spaniards manage
the economy
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Resistance and Religion
The Spanish friars, just like their counterpart
in the government, violated the rights of the
Filipinos
Desired to be heard
Some Filipinos could no longer bear the ill
treatment they received from their
conquerors
Nationalism
It refers to a political ideology that involves
love for one’s country and people
The Opening of the Philippines to the World
Trade
 The monopoly trade of Spain ended in 1834,
which led to the opening of Manila to world
trade
 The Philippines was exposed to different
trading ideas such as the need to expand the
agricultural and industrial business
November 17, 1869
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It was opened on November 17, 1869 and
was constructed by Ferdinand de Lesseps
Paul Landowski constructed the canal
The Suez Canal opened the gateway between
Europe and Asia
Because of this Filipinos were encouraged to
travel from Philippines and Europe
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The Filipino middle class was composed of
the following: farmers, businessmen, and
teachers, among others
These influential individuals usually sent their
children to exclusive schools in Manila and
Europe
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Jose Rizal – doctor, novelist, artist, engineer,
and scientist, among others
Marcelo del Pilar- writer, propagandist,
debater
Graciano Lopez Jaena- journalist and orator
Pedro Paterno- lawyer
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Introduced many reforms in the Philippines
which were welcomed by Filipinos and native
clergies
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Filipino priests pertains to
the surnames of the three
Filipino priest named
Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora
They were accused of
planning and organizing
Cavite Mutiny on January
20, 1872 and lead in their
execution in the same year
The execution of this three
priest awakened Filipino
nationalism
Propaganda Movement
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Jose Rizal – a Filipino patriot who was
forefront of reform efforts in the Philippines
during Spanish colonial era
Marcelo del Pilar- a leading Filipino
propagandist for reforms in the Philippines
Mariano Ponce- a Filipino physician, writer,
and member of propaganda movement
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Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular
province of the Spain
Development of the Philippine economy
Promotion of human rights especially the
freedoms of speech and of the press
Secularization of parishes
Reform of the government and education
system
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It was established by reformist/propagandist
in Barcelona, Spain in 1889
The first editor was Graciano Lopez-Jaena
and its released was on February 15, 1889
Jaena was replaced by Marcelo del Pilar until
the papers last issue on November 15, 1895
Beginnings
 According to Rizal, the fight for freedom
should not be done in a foreign land. Because
of this, he returned to the Philippines from
Hong Kong in June 1892
 Jose Rizal launched another reform
movement after his return on July 3, 1892
 It was founded in Doreteo Ongjuanco’s house
at No. 176 St. Tondo, Manila
 Doroteo Ongjunco Chinise Filipino reformist
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Unus Instar Omnium ( One Like All) motto of
the La Liga Filipina
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To unite the whole archipelago into one
compact, strong, and homogenous/same
body
To have a mutual protection for all in every
want and necessity
To establish defense against violence and
injustice
To study and apply the needed reforms in
the Philippines
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To obey the orders of the Supreme Council
To help in recruiting new members
To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of
the movement’s authorities
To report to the fiscals anything that hear
which affects the movements
To behave well as befits a good Filipino
To help fellow members in all ways
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Ladislao Diwa: He was a law student at UST
and joined La Liga Filipina and became a
secretary of La Liga
Valentin Diaz: former gobernadorcillio of
Tayug Pangasinan and also member of La
Liga
Ambrosio Salvador: president of Supreme
Council
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The Establishment of the Katipunan
KKK was secret society founded on July 7,
1892
Founders: Andres Bonifacio ( President and
Supremo)
Emilio Jacinto ( Secretary of the State)
Teodoro Plata ( Secretary of War)
Briccio Pantas ( Secretary of Justice)
Enrique Pachero ( Secretary of Finance)
Aguedo del Rosario ( Secretary of Interior)
The Establishment of the Katipunan
 KKK was secret society founded on July 7, 1892
 Founders: Andres Bonifacio
 Ladislao Diwa: He was a law student at UST and
joined La Liga Filipina and became a secretary of
La Liga
 Valentin Diaz: former gobernadorcillio of Tayug
Pangasinan and also member of La Liga
 Ambrosio Salvador: president of Supreme Council
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Katipon ( Associate)
First degree members
Members who wore black hood with white
triangle in the middle
Password: Anak Bayan
Kawal ( Soldier)
Second degree members
Password: GOMBURZA
Bayani ( Hero)
Third degree
Password: Rizal
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Andres Bonifacio
He was born on November 30, 1863 in Arcarraga
Street near the present Manila Railroad Station
He was executed in Cavite
Agapito Bonzon: he capture Aguinaldo
Siblings: Ciriano, Procopio, Troadio,
Esperidiano,and Maximo
He was oldest of six siblings
Orphaned at an early age, he took odd jobs to
provide for his siblings. He sold canes and paper fans
for commercial firm
He work as a messenger in Flemming and Company
and he learned English
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Love God with all your heart
Always bear in mind that the love of God is
also the love of country
Engrave in you heart that the true measure of
honor and happiness is to die for the freedom
of your country
Guard the mandates and aims of the KKK as
your guard and honor
Out of responsibility to ourselves, the
performance of our duty