PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)
- ACTIVE là câu trong đó chủ ngữ thực hiện hành động (what the subject does)
- PASSIVE là câu trong đó chủ ngữ tiếp nhận hành động (what happen to the
subject)
1. Structure:
p.p – Past participle: Quá khứ phân từ, động từ cột 3 (nếu động từ bất quy tắc)
hoặc thêm -ed (nếu động từ có quy tắc)
*Notice:
TOBE + P.P
Chia theo thì của câu nếu đứng liền kề bên chủ ngữ
Chịu sự chi phối của yếu tố đứng trước nếu nó không đứng kề chủ ngữ
*Notice:
When we use the passive, who or what causes the action is often unknown or
unimportant.
Đôi khi chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là THEY, PEOPLE, EVERYONE,
SOMEONE, ANYONE, etc. thì có thể không cần đưa vào câu bị động
EX:
- Active: They are writing a report now
 Passive: A report is being written by them now
- They are going to write a report
 A report is going to be written by them
- They wrote a report yesterday
 A report was written by them yesterday
- I dislike being laughed at by people
2. Verbs and the passive:
- We can form passive structures with verbs that are followed by an object
(transitive verbs) and some clauses where the verb is followed by a preposition:
My favourite mug was broken. (Someone broke my favourite mug.)
Their car was broken into and the radio was taken. (Someone broke into their
car and took their radio.)
Passive Voice
1
The holiday hasn’t been paid for yet. (No one has paid for the holiday yet.)
- We can’t make passive forms from verbs which do not have objects
(intransitive verbs):
The parcel arrived in the post this morning.
Not: The parcel was arrived …
- We don’t usually use the passive with some verbs that describe a state or
situation (state verbs):

thoughts and
opinions: agree, believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, mean, recognise, remember,
suspect, think, understand

feelings and emotions: dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish

senses and perceptions: appear, be, feel, hear, look, see, seem, smell, taste

possession and measurement: belong, have, measure, own, possess, weigh.
They were having lunch.
Not: Lunch was being had.
- Some verbs are more common in the passive than the active voice. These
include be born, be populated, be stranded, be taken aback:
Where were you born?
Thousands of passengers have been stranded at airports all over Europe after
heavy snowfalls.
- Some verbs can have 2 objects: give, ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell  2
ways to change into passive voice. When verbs have two objects, either object
can be the theme or subject of the passive structure, depending on what we want
to focus on:
Her mother gave each child a present. (active)
A present was given to each child (by her mother). (passive)
Each child was given a present (by her mother). (passive)
- Linking Verbs: We don’t form passive structures with verbs like be, become,
seem where the complement of the verb refers back to the subject (linking
verbs):
After six years of training she has finally become a doctor.
Câu
bị
động
ở thì
hiện
tại
CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG TRONG CÁC THÌ CỤ THỂ
Tense
Active
Passive
Simple
S+V+O
S + be + p.p + by + O
Present
My mother often washes Dishes are often washed by
dishes
my mother
Present
S + am/is/are + V_ing + S + am/is/are + being + p.p
Continuos O
+ by+ O
She is making a cake
A cake is being made by her
Passive Voice
2
Present
Perfect
S + have/has + p.p + O
S + have/has + been + p.p +
He has washed his car for by + O
hours
His car has been washed by
him for hours
Simple
S + V_cột 2 hoặc V_ed + S + was/were + p.p + by +
Câu
Past
O
O
bị
My mother bought that
That washing machine was
động
washing machine in 2010 bought by my mother in
ở thì
2010
quá
khứ
Past
S + was/were + V_ing + S + was/were + being + p.p
Continuous O
+ by + O
Yesterday morning she
The grass was being cut by
was cutting the grass
her yesterday morning
Past
S + had + p.p + O
S + had + been + p.p +
Perfect
She had cooked lunch
by+O
before leaving
Lunch had been cooked by
her before she left
Simple
S + will + V + O
S + will be + p.p + by + O
Câu
Future
I will feed the dogs
The dogs will be fed
bị
động Future
S + will be + Ving + O
S + will be + being + p.p +
ở thì Continuous I will be washing dished by + O
tương
this time tomorrow
Dished will be being washed
lai
by me this time tomorrow
Future
S + will have + p.p + O
S + will have + been + p.p +
Perfect
They will have
by + O
completed the
The assignment will have
assignment by the end of been completed by the end
January
of January
Near
S + am/is/are + going to S + am/is/are + going to +
Future
+V+O
be + p.p + by + O
I am going to wash the
The cat is going to be
cat
washed by me
Modal
S + modal verb + V + O S + modal verb + be + p.p +
Câu
Verbs
by + O
bị
We must do this before
This must have been done
động
Christmas
before Christmas
có
động
S + modal verb + have + S + modal verb + have +
từ
p.p + O
been + p.p + by + O
tình
An must have done the
The assignments must have
thái
assignments
been done by An
3. Special cases:
3.1 Passive Voice with Feeling Verbs (động từ chỉ cảm giác):
Passive Voice
3
Active:
S +
Passive:
S +
V1
+
O1 +
to
+
V2
+
O2
V1
Feeling (love, like, want, wish, expect, hate, etc.)
+ O2 + to + be + p.p + (by + O1)
Ex:
He wants someone to take photographs
 He wants photographs to be taken.
*Nếu O2 ≡ S, thì có thể bỏ O2 khi nối
Ex:
He likes everyone to call him “Sir”
 He likes to be called “Sir”
3.2 Passive Voice with Perception Verbs (động từ chỉ giác quan):
Active: S + see/notice/watch + O + V Infinitive: chứng kiến toàn bộ sự việc
observe/ hear/feel
V_ing: chứng kiến một phần sự việc
listen to/ smell
Cùng thì, cùng
hình thức
Passive: S + be + p.p + Verb
to Verb: chứng kiến toàn bộ sự việc (+by+O)
V_ing: chứng kiến một phần sự viêc
Ex: I heard a famous pop star sing at the concert yesterday
 A famous pop star was heard to sing at the concert by me yesterday
When I walked into the apartment, I heard my roomate singing in the shower
 When I walked into the apartment, my roomate was heard singing in the
shower
3.3 Passive Voice with Reporting Verbs (Bị động với các động từ trần thuật):
V1
Active: People/They say/said/think/… (+ that)
rumour/believe/report
+
S2 +
V2
Cùng thì,
cùng hình thức
Passive:
It
+ tobe
+ p.p
+
(that+)
S2
+
V2
to infinitive  nếu V2 xảy ra
cùng hoặc sau thời điểm của V1
to have + p.p  nếu V2 xảy ra
trước thời điểm của V1
Ngoài những động từ trên, V1 còn có thể là các động từ như assume, believe,
claim, consider, expect, feel, find, know, report, say, think, find, understand,
discover, prove, observe, estimate
S2 + tobe + p.p + V2
Passive Voice
4
Ex:
They said Mr.Khoi was a very good doctor. (say-said-said: nói)
 It was said that Mr. Khoi was a very good doctor.
 Mr. Khoi was said to be a very good doctor.
They said Loi had robbed the bank 2 years ago.
 It was said that Loi had robbed the bank 2 years ago.
 Loi was said to have robbed the bank 2 years ago.
*Lưu ý đối với trường hợp “There”:
V1
Active: People/They say/said/think/… (+ that)
rumour/believe/report
+
there +
be + N
Cùng thì,
cùng hình thức
Passive:
It
+ tobe
+ p.p
+
(that+)
there +
be +
N
to be + N  nếu “be” xảy ra
cùng hoặc sau thời điểm của V1
to have + been + N nếu “be” xảy
xảy trước thời điểm của V1
Ex: They think that there are too many obstacles to peace
 It is thought there are too many obstacles to peace
 There are thought to be too many obstacles to peace.
There + tobe + p.p +
(Số nhiều hay số ít
phụ thuộc vào N)
Ex: They alleged that there had been a fight.
 It was alleged that there had been a fight
 There was alleged to have been a fight.
3.4 Passive Voice of NEED/WANT/REQUIRE/DESERVE/BE WORTH
Active: S + need/ want/ require/ deserve + to V + O
Passive: S + need/ want/ require/ deserve/ be worth + V-ing
= S + need/ want/ require/ deserve/ be worth + to be PP
Ex: Active: I need to cut my hair
Passive: My hair needs cutting = My hair needs to be cut
3.5 Passive Voice of MAKE
Passive Voice
5
Active: S + MAKE + O + V
Passive: S + BE + MADE + TO V + BY + O
Ex: He makes me do this exercise today.
 I am made to do this exercise today.
3.6 Passive Voice of Causative Form with HAVE/GET (cấu trúc sai khiến với
HAVE/GET):
Active:
S + HAVE + O1 (người) +
V
+ O2 (vật)
S +
GET
+ O1 (người) +
TO V
+ O2 (vật)
Passive: S + HAVE/GET + O2 (vật) + P.P (+ BY + O1 (người) )
Cấu trúc Passive của thể sai khiến còn được dùng để nói về trải nghiệm không
vui.
Ex: I have him open the door
I get him to open the door
 I have/get the door opened by him
Ex: My friend had all her money stolen on her vacation.
4. Get Passive Voice:
We form the standard passive with be + -ed form. We form the get passive with get + ed form:
The trees in the garden were damaged in the wind. (standard passive)
The trees in the garden got damaged in the wind. (get passive)
We use the get passive especially in informal speaking. When we use the get passive, we also
place a little more emphasis on the nature of the action itself or on the person involved in the
action:
There were blizzards over night and the whole town got snowed in. (‘Get snowed in’ here
means to be unable to leave the town because of heavy falls of snow.)
I’ve got good news for you. Jim finally got promoted.
They had only known each other for six months when they got married in Las Vegas.
The get passive is commonly used in speaking of events that are negative or not desired:
They’ve worked there for three years but they still got sacked (lost their jobs).
He feels his paintings are always getting criticised.
Our car got stolen last night.
We sometimes use a reflexive pronoun with the get passive. This suggests the subject was at
least partly responsible for the event or made it happen:
I got myself locked out the other day. I stupidly left my keys in the bedroom. (or I got locked
out …)
Passive Voice
6
Passive Voice
7