Security Level:
LTE Capacity Monitoring
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LTE Capacity Monitoring Summary
Monitoring
Principle
Resource block
utilization
Measurement
Formula
DL RB Utilization
L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg/L.ChM
eas.PRB.DL.Availx100%
DL User throughput L.Thrp.bits.DL/L.Thrp.Time.DL/1000
UL RB Utilization
L.ChMeas.PRB.UL.Used.Avg/L.ChM
eas.PRB.UL.Availx100%
UL User throughput L.Thrp.bits.UL/L.Thrp.Time.UL/1000
RRC connected
users per cell (BBU
board specification)
Synchronized User
Utilization
Preamble usage
for random access
Control channel
element for
PDCCH
L.Traffic.User.Avg/1200*100%
(Max num user handled in a cell for
LBBPd is 1200)
Monitoring
Impact
Threshold
DL RB Utilization
User may failed in
>70% &
admission or poor user
DL User Throughput
experience
< 2Mbps
UL RB Utilization
User may failed in
>70% &
admission or poor user
UL User Throughput
experience
< 512kbps
60%
Random Preamble
Utilization
(L.RA.GrpA.Att+L.RA.GrpB.Att)
/3600/N* 100%
(N is a value from product design in
considering probability of preamble
conflict, N is 50.)
75%
Dedicated Preamble
Utilization
L.RA.Dedicate.Att/3600/100*100%
75%
CCE Utilization
(L.ChMeas.CCE.CommUsed +
L.ChMeas.CCE.ULUsed +
L.ChMeas.CCE.DLUsed)/L.ChMeas.
CCE.Avail
70%
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Poor user experience
Proposed solution
1. Add eNodeB
2. Bandwidth expansion
1. Add eNodeB
2. Bandwidth expansion
1. Reduce UE inactivity timer in eNodeB (MOD
RRCCONNSTATETIMER). Please note that load in CPU will
increase if timer value reduce.
2. Physical tuning by balancing the target serving area for all
cells
3. Add cell
1. Enable resource adjustment algo
(MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=xx,
RachAlgoSwitch=RachAdjSwitch-1;)
Access delayed or failure 2. Enable adaptive backoff function to allow UE retransmit
preamble after failure
(MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellID=xx,
RachAlgoSwitch=BackOffSwitch-1;)
1. Enable resource adjustment algo & reuse dedicated
preamble
Access delayed or failure (MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=xx,
RachAlgoSwitch=RachAdjSwitch-1,
RachAlgoSwitch=MakeIdxSwitch;)
1. Add cell
Scheduling delayed or
poor user experience
Page 2
LTE Capacity Monitoring Summary
Monitoring
Measurement
Principle
Maximum allowed
connected users RRC Connected User
per eNodeB
Utilization
Traffic volume
utilization per
eNodeB
Traffic Volume Utilization
Paging message
processing
capability (eNodeB Paging Utilization
specification)
Formula
Sum (L.Traffic.User.Avg of all
cells)/Licensed RRC connected
users*100%
Sum of (L.Thrp.bits.UL +
L.Thrp.bits.DL) all cells / (Traffic
License*3600)
/(1000*1000)*100%
Sum of (L.Paging.S1.Rx) all cells
/3600/750 *100%
Monitoring
Threshold
60%
80%
60%
Baseband board Main Control Board Usage VS.BBUBoard.CPULoad.Mean
processing
capability
% of Main Control Board VS.Board.CPULoad.Cumulative
Usage exceeed threshold HighloadCount/(3600/5)*100%
60%
UL Transmission
Utilization
VS.FEGE.TxMeanSpeed/Allocat
ed bandwidth x 100%
1. Increase license RRC (if CPU board usage <60%)
2. Add eNB (if CPU board usage >60%)
Poor user experience
1. Reduce num cells in tracking area list
2. Paging policy (core network) optimization
60%
VS.FEGE.RxMeanSpeed/Allocat
ed bandwidth x 100%
User may failed in
admission or poor user
experience
Proposed solution
1. Increase Traffic volume license
Main control board Main Control Board Usage VS.BBUBoard.CPULoad.Mean
processing
capability
% of Main Control Board VS.Board.CPULoad.Cumulative
Usage exceeed threshold HighloadCount/(3600/5)*100%
Transmission rate
DL Transmission
at Ethernet port
Utilization
Impact
Poor user experience
Poor user experience
5%
Poor user experience
5%
1. Physical tuning to achieve load balancing between
neighbour (if neighbour is lightly loaded)
2. Change UMPT board (if LMPT is used)
3. Add eNB
1. Add LBBP to share load
2. Move cells or add cells based on num of UEs
3. If already reached 6 LBBPs, add eNB
1. Transmission capacity expansion
70%
Poor user experience
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70%
Page 3
ERAN Resource
eNodeB
Connected
user license
Traffic Volume
License
Paging
Resource
Main-controlboard CPU
LBBP CPU
cell
Physical
resource
block
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Synchronized
user capacity
PRACH
resource
PDCCH
resource
Page 4
Transport
resource
group
Ethernet port
eNode B Resource
Resource
Meaning
Connected user license
The connected user license specifies the maximum permissible number of users in RRC_CONNECTED mode. Each
connected user consumes radio, device, and transport resources.
If there are too many connected users, they cannot be well served by the eNodeB and new services cannot be admitted.
Counter
L.Traffic.User.Avg : indicates the average number of connected users in a cell. SUM (L.Traffic.User.Avg) indicates the sum
of the average number of connected users in all cells in an eNodeB
The licensed number of connected users under an eNodeB can be queried by running the following command:
DSP LICENSE: FUNCTIONTYPE=eNodeB;
In the command output, the value of LLT1ACTU01 in the Allocated column is the licensed number of connected users
Monitoring Method
Connected user license usage = SUM (L.Traffic.User.Avg)/Licensed number of connected users x 100%
Threshold
Impact
60%
New services cannot be admitted, and experience of admitted users is affected.
SW/HW
Solution
SW
If the main-control-board CPU usage is less than 60%, increase the licensed limit.
If the main-control-board CPU usage reaches or exceeds 60%, add an eNodeB.
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eNode B Resource
Resource
Meaning
Counter
Traffic volume license
When the traffic volume of an eNodeB reaches or exceeds the licensed volume, the eNodeB performs flow control,
which affects user experience and customer income.
L.Thrp.bits.UL & L.Thrp.bits.DL: indicate the uplink traffic volume and downlink traffic volume of a cell, respectively.
Σ(L.Thrp.bits.UL+L.Thrp.bits.DL) indicates the sum of uplink and downlink traffic volume of all cells under an
eNodeB
The licensed eNodeB traffic volume can be queried by running the following command:
DSP LICENSE: FUNCTIONTYPE=eNodeB;
The licensed eNodeB traffic volume is equal to the Allocated parameter value in the record whose License Identifier
is LLT1THRUL01.
Monitoring Method
Threshold
Impact
SW/HW
Solution
Traffic volume license usage of an eNodeB = Σ(L.Thrp.bits.UL+L.Thrp.bits.DL)/(Licensed eNodeB traffic volume x
3600) x 100%
80%
User experience and customer income are affected.
SW
Increase the licensed traffic volume.
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eNode B Resource
Resource
Meaning
Paging Resource
The eNodeB and BTS3202E or BTS3203E LTE can process a maximum of 750 and 500 paging messages per
second, respectively. If the number of paging messages exceeds that capacity, paging messages sent from the
eNodeB to UEs may be discarded, which leads to a decrease in the call completion rate.
Counter
L.Paging.S1.Rx :indicates the number of paging messages received over the S1 interface
L.Paging.Dis.Num : indicates the number of paging messages discarded over the Uu interface
Monitoring Method
Percentage of paging messages received over the S1 interface = L.Paging.S1.Rx/3600/Maximum number of
paging messages that can be processed per second x 100%
Threshold
Percentage of paging messages received over the S1>60% (or)
L.Pagind.Dis.Num >1500
Impact
SW/HW
Solution
Paging messages may be lost, affecting user experience.
SW
Decrease the number of cells in the tracking area list (TAL) that the congested cell belongs to.
Adjust the paging policy of the core network to reduce signaling overhead.
If the core network is provided by Huawei, enable the precise paging function.
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eNode B Resource
Resource
Meaning
Main-control-board CPU
The CPU usage reflects the busy level of the eNodeB. If the main-control-board CPUs are busy processing control plane or user
plane data, signaling-related KPIs may deteriorate, and users may experience a low access success rate, low E-RAB setup success
rate, or high service drop rate.
Counter
VS.Board.CPUload.Mean : indicates the average main-control-board CPU usage
VS.Board.CPULoad.CumulativeHighloadCount : indicates the number of times that the main-control-board CPU usage reaches or
exceeds a preconfigured threshold.
Monitoring Method
Percentage of times that the main-control-board CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold (85%) =
VS.Board.CPULoad.CumulativeHighloadCount/(3600/5) x 100%
Threshold
Percentage of times that the main-control-board CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold (85%) >5% (or)
VS.Board.CPUload.Mean >60%
Impact
SW/HW
Solution
KPIs deteriorate.
HW
If a neighboring eNodeB is lightly loaded, adjust the antenna downtilt angles or decrease the transmit power of the local eNodeB
to shrink the coverage area and reduce the CPU load of the local eNodeB. In addition, expand the coverage area of the
neighboring eNodeB for load balancing.
If the main control board is an LMPT, replace it with a UMPT.
Add eNodeBs.
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eNode B Resource
Resource
Meaning
LBBP CPU
If the eNodeB receives too much traffic volume, which is expressed either in bit/s or packet/s, the LBBP CPU
responsible for user plane processing is heavily loaded. As a result, the eNodeB has a low RRC connection setup
success rate, low E-RAB setup success rate, low handover success rate, and high service drop rate.
Counter
VS.Board.CPUload.Mean : indicates the average LBBP CPU usage
VS.Board.CPULoad.CumulativeHighloadCount : indicates the number of times that the LBBP CPU usage reaches or
exceeds a preconfigured threshold.
Monitoring Method Percentage of times that the LBBP CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold (85%) =
VS.Board.CPULoad.CumulativeHighloadCount/(3600/5) x 100%
Threshold
Percentage of times that theLBBP CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold (85%) >5% (or)
VS.Board.CPUload.Mean >60%
Impact
SW/HW
KPIs deteriorate.
HW
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eNode B Resource
Solution
If the LBBP is an LBBPc, replace the LBBPc with an LBBPd
Add an LBBP to share the network load, and then determine whether to move existing cells or add new cells based on
the number of UEs. The capacity expansion methods are as follows:
− If the radio resources are sufficient (that is, the usage of each type of radio resources is lower than the threshold),
move cells from the existing LBBP to the new LBBP.
- If the radio resources are insufficient, set up new cells on the new LBBP
If the eNodeB has multiple LBBPs and one of them is overloaded, move cells from the overloaded LBBP to an LBBP
with a lighter load.
LBBP load can be indicated by the following:
− Average CPU usage
− Percentage of times that the CPU usage reaches or exceeds a preconfigured threshold
− Number of cells established on an LBBP
If the eNodeB already has a maximum of six LBBPs and more LBBPs are required, add an eNodeB.
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eNode B Resource
Resource
Meaning
Transport Resource Group
A transport resource group carries a set of data streams, which can be local data or forwarded data.
Local data is classified into control plane, user plane, operation and maintenance (OM), and IP clock
data. Forwarded data is not divided into different types. If a transport resource group is congested, it
cannot transmit or forward data, which affects service provision.
A transport resource group for user plane data is a monitored object.
Counter
VS.RscGroup.TxMeanSpeed : indicates the average transmission rate of a transport resource group
VS.RscGroup.TxMaxSpeed indicates the maximum transmission rate of a transport resource group
The bandwidth configured for a transport resource group can be queried by running the following
command:
DSP RSCGRP: CN=x, SRN=x, SN=x, BEAR=xx, SBT=xxxx, PT=xxx;
In the command output, the value of Tx Bandwidth is the bandwidth configured for the transport
resource group.
Monitoring
Method
Threshold
Impact
SW/HW
Solution
Proportion of the average transmission rate to the configured bandwidth =
VS.RscGroup.TxMeanSpeed/Bandwidth configured for the transport resource group x 100%
Proportion of the maximum transmission rate to the configured bandwidth =
VS.RscGroup.TxMaxSpeed/Bandwidth configured for the transport resource group x 100%
Mean > 80 in 5days a week, Max >90 in 2 days a week
Packets may be lost, affecting user experience.
SW
When a transport resource group is congested, you are advised to expand the bandwidth of the
transport resource group
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eNode B Resource
Resource
Meaning
Ethernet port
The Ethernet port traffic is the channel traffic at the physical layer, including uplink and downlink
traffic. The eNodeB Ethernet port traffic reflects the throughput and communication quality of the
Ethernet ports on the main control board of the eNodeB. Based on the monitoring results, you can
determine whether the transmission capacity allocated by an operator for the S1 and X2 interfaces on
the eNodeB meet the requirements for uplink and downlink transmissions.
Counter
VS.FEGE.TxMeanSpeed : indicates the average transmission rate of an Ethernet port
VS.FEGE.TxMaxSpeed indicates the maximum transmission rate of an Ethernet port
VS.FEGE.RxMeanSpeed indicates the average reception rate of an Ethernet port
VS.FEGE.RxMaxSpeed indicates the maximum reception rate of an Ethernet port.
Monitoring
Method
Proportion of the average uplink transmission rate to the allocated bandwidth =
VS.FEGE.TxMeanSpeed/Allocated bandwidth x 100%
Proportion of the maximum uplink transmission rate to the allocated bandwidth =
VS.FEGE.TxMaxSpeed/Allocated bandwidth x 100%
Proportion of the average downlink reception rate to the allocated bandwidth =
VS.FEGE.RxMeanSpeed/Allocated bandwidth x 100%
Proportion of the maximum downlink reception rate to the allocated bandwidth =
VS.FEGE.RxMaxSpeed/Allocated bandwidth x 100%
Threshold
Impact
SW/HW
Solution
Proportion of average transmission rate to allocated bandwidth ≥ 70% or
Proportion of max transmission rate to allocated bandwidth ≥ 85%
Packets may be lost, affecting user experience.
SW
Expand the eNodeB transmission capacity.
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Page 12
ERAN Resource
eNodeB
Connected
user license
Traffic Volume
License
Paging
Resource
Main-controlboard CPU
LBBP CPU
cell
Physical
resource
block
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Synchronized
user capacity
PRACH
resource
PDCCH
resource
Page 13
Transport
resource
group
Ethernet port
Cell Resource
Resource
Meaning
Physical Resource Block (PRB)
Growing traffic leads to a continuous increase in PRB usage. When the PRB usage approaches to 100%,
user-perceived rates will decrease. As downlink is a major concern in an LTE network, this document
describes only how to monitor downlink user perception.
Counter
L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg : indicates the average number of used downlink PRBs
L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Avail : indicates the number of available downlink PRBs
L.Thrp.bits.DL : indicates the total throughput of downlink data transmitted at the PDCP layer in a cell.
L.Thrp.Time.DL indicates the duration for transmitting downlink data at the PDCP layer in a cell
Monitoring Method
Downlink PRB usage = L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg/L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Avail x 100%
Downlink user-perceived rate (Mbit/s) = L.Thrp.bits.DL/L.Thrp.Time.DL/1000
Threshold
Downlink PRB usage ≥ 70%
Downlink user-perceived rate < a user-defined threshold (default value: 2 Mbit/s)
Impact
Users may fail to be admitted, and experience of admitted users is affected.
SW/HW
Solution
SW
If the cell spectral efficiency is low, you are advised to increase the cell throughput by optimizing RF
performance
If the cell spectral efficiency is high, you are advised to:
− Add carriers or expand the bandwidth of the existing carrier.
− Add eNodeBs.
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Page 14
Cell Resource
Resource
Meaning
Synchronized user capacity
When the number of synchronized users in a cell reaches or exceeds a preconfigured
threshold, cell KPIs deteriorate. Connected users include synchronized users and users in
the out-of-synchronization state. Synchronized users consume air interface resources and
the number of synchronized users is approximately equal to the number of connected
users by default. Therefore, the number of connected users (instead of synchronized
users) is monitored.
Counter
L.Traffic.User.Avg indicates the average number of connected users in a cell.
Monitoring Method
Synchronized user capacity usage of a cell = L.Traffic.User.Avg/Maximum number of
synchronized users in a cell x 100%
Threshold
Impact
SW/HW
Solution
60%
User experience is affected.
HW
Reduce the UE inactivity timer length by running the MOD RRCCONNSTATETIMER
command with the UeInactiveTimer parameter specified. This measure lifts signaling
overhead and increases CPU usage.
If a neighboring cell is lightly loaded, adjust the antenna downtilt angle or decrease the
transmit power of the local cell to shrink the coverage area and reduce the number of
users in the local cell. In addition, expand the coverage area of the neighboring cell for
load balancing.
Add cells or expand the cell bandwidth.
Split the local cell into multiple cells.
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Page 15
Cell Resource
Resource
Meaning
Physical random access channel (PRACH) resource
The PRACH transmits preambles during random access procedures.
If the number of contention-based random access attempts in a second reaches or exceeds N, the
preamble conflict probability and access delay increase. The values of N are determined during
preamble design, considering factors such as that the preamble conflict probability should be less
than 1%.
If more than 100 non-contention-based random access attempts are initiated per second, dedicated
preambles will become insufficient and the eNodeB will instruct the UE to initiate contention-based
random access instead, increasing the access delay for the UE. In handover scenarios, the handover
procedure is prolonged.
Counter
L.RA.GrpA.Att indicates the number of times that random preambles in group A are received.
L.RA.GrpB.Att indicates the number of times that random preambles in group B are received.
L.RA.Dedicate.Att indicates the number of times that dedicated preambles are received
Monitoring Method
Random preamble usage = (L.RA.GrpA.Att + L.RA.GrpB.Att)/3600/N x 100%
Dedicated preamble usage = L.RA.Dedicate.Att/3600/100 x 100%
Threshold
Usage of preambles for contention-based access ≥ 75%
Impact
SW/HW
Solution
Access delays are prolonged, or even access attempts fail.
SW
- If the random preamble usage reaches or exceeds 75% for X days (three days by default) in a
week, enable the adaptive backoff function.
If the system bandwidth is 5 MHz or 10 MHz, it is good practice to enable the PRACH resource
adjustment algorithm
- If the dedicated preamble usage reaches or exceeds 75% for X days (three days by default) in a
week, enable the PRACH resource adjustment algorithm and reuse of dedicated preambles
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Page 16
Cell Resource
Resource
Meaning
PDCCH Resource Usage
This capacity indicator measures the number of control channel elements (CCEs) that can be used by the PDCCH.
In each radio frame, CCEs must be allocated to uplink and downlink UEs to be scheduled and common control signaling.
PDCCH CCEs must be properly configured and allocated to minimize downlink control overheads as well as to ensure
satisfactory user-plane throughput.
Counter
L.ChMeas.CCE.CommUsed indicates the number of PDCCH CCEs used for common signaling.
L.ChMeas.CCE.ULUsed indicates the number of PDCCH CCEs used for uplink scheduling.
L.ChMeas.CCE.DLUsed indicates the number of PDCCH CCEs used for downlink scheduling.
L.ChMeas.CCE.Avail indicates the number of available PDCCH CCEs.
Monitoring Method CCE usage = (L.ChMeas.CCE.CommUsed + L.ChMeas.CCE.ULUsed + L.ChMeas.CCE.DLUsed)/3600/1000/Max number of
PDCCH CCEs x 100%
Threshold
Impact
80%
- If PDCCH symbols are insufficient, CCEs may fail to be allocated to UEs to be scheduled, which will result in a long
service delay and unsatisfactory user experience.
- If PDCCH symbols are excessive, which indicates that the usage of PDCCH CCEs is low, the resources that can be used
by the PDSCH decreases. This will also result in low spectral efficiency.
SW/HW
Solution
SW
If the PDCCH Symbol Number Adjust Switch parameter value is Off, you are advised to set this parameter to On
If the PDCCH Symbol Number Adjust Switch parameter value is set to On and the uplink or downlink PRB usage reaches
or exceeds 70%, you are advised to take one of the following measures:
- Add cells or split existing cells.
− Optimize RF performance to reduce the interference to PDCCH from neighboring cells.
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Page 17
References - LBBP
Antenna Config
Board
Signalling
Antenna
Configuration
LBBPc
1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, or 3x20 MHz 1T1R
20 MHz
3x20 MHz 1T2R
3x10 MHz 4T4R
3
3x20 MHz 2T2R
1x20 MHz 4T4R
LBBPd1
1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, or 3x20 MHz 1T1R
20 MHz
3x20 MHz 1T2R
3
3x20 MHz 2T2R
LBBPd2
1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, or 3x20 MHz 1T1R
20 MHz
3x20 MHz 1T2R
3
3x20 MHz 2T2R
3x20 MHz 4T4R
LBBPd3
1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, or 6x20 MHz 1T1R
20 MHz
6x20 MHz 1T2R
6
a
6x20 MHz 2T2R
a: When a CPRI fiber optic cable is longer than 40 km (24.85 mi), the LBBPd3 board cannot support the 6x20 MHz 2T2R
channel.
Number of Cells
Throughput
Board
LBBPc
LBBPd1
LBBPd2
LBBPd3
LBBPd4
Maximum Throughput
Downlink: 300 Mbit/s
Uplink: 100 Mbit/s
Downlink: 450 Mbit/s
Uplink: 225 Mbit/s
Downlink: 600 Mbit/s
Uplink: 225 Mbit/s
Downlink: 600 Mbit/s
Uplink: 300 Mbit/s
Downlink: 600 Mbit/s
Uplink: 225 Mbit/s
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Cell Bandwidth
Board
LBBPc
LBBPd1, LBBPd2,
LBBPd3, and
LBBPd4
Signaling Specification (CAPS)
30
60
RRC Connected Mode
Board
LBBPc
Cell Bandwidth
1.4 MHz
3 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz
15 MHz
20 MHz
LBBPd1/LBBPd2 1.4 MHz
3 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz
15 MHz
20 MHz
LBBPd3
1.4 MHz
3 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz
15 MHz
20 MHz
Page 18
Maximum Number of UEs
in RRC Connected Mode
1008
1800
1800
1800
1800 (in 2R mode) or 1200
(in 4R mode)
1800 (in 2R mode) or 1200
(in 4R mode)
504
1080
1800
3600
3600
3600
1008
2160
3600
3600
3600
3600
References - LBBP
PDCCH
PRACH
RACH algorithm
switch
Enable
Disable
Bandwidth
15,20
5,10
5,10
N
100
100
50
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Page 19
Thank you
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Copyright©2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial
and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and
developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for
reference purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.