GRADE 10 IGCSE NOTES Purpose of Speech Speeches are usually formal spoken presentations for a particular purpose—often to persuade an audience to support an idea, or to explain or describe an interesting topic or past event. An effective speech engages the audience straight away through personal reference or surprising information. uses humour, powerful ideas, imagery, rhetorical questions and repetition to make a point. uses a range of sentence lengths for effect. Successful Persuasion Successful persuasive language appeals to: 1. LOGIC Reasoning is clear and consistent. Logic may be real or false (i.e. giving the appearance of logic) 2. PERSON Know and understand the audience. Knowledge of personal motivations and history can be used to good effect. 3. EMOTION Use emotional appeal, highly emotive words, images, and colours to stir an effective response. Structure of a speech Opening: Captures audience’s attention Includes an interesting fact or item of information Clearly states your opinion Develops your ideas/arguments Uses questions to engage listeners Body Acknowledgement of the other argument/ opinion. Conclusion Summarises your speech. Conclude the speech memorably. Remember to use persuasive techniques throughout the speech. Useful words: Adverbs: evidently; understandably; reasonable; undoubtedly; clearly; finally; strongly; adamantly Verbs: to challenge; to oppose; to question; to implore; to urge; to condemn; to propose; to support Adjectives: Vital; important; essential; biased; dishonest; inappropriate; controversial; brave; foolish Transitional words and phrases: In addition,…; Furthermore,…; Above all… It goes without saying…; Of course,…; Decidedly…; Undoubtedly…; Indeed…; In fact… Specifically,…; More importantly,… Yet,… ; However,… In summary… Useful phrases: This needs to be dealt with…; Some people feel that…; How could you possibly…; What would happen if…; This would mean that…; Is it really worth…/ Do you really think…; Just think about…; I believe that…; Although not everybody would agree, I want to argue that…; There are several points I want to make to support my point of view. Firstly…; I have several reasons for arguing for this point of view. My first reason is…; Therefore, although some people argue that…; think that I have shown that…; We can solve this by…; If these plans go ahead… Now do the following short exercise: Read the speech and identify the persuasive P IN A FOREST technique (personal pronouns, alliteration, fact, opinion, rhetorical questions, repetition, emotive language, statistics, rule of three). Ladies, Gentleman and Children, lend me your ears! I am here today to express my utter disgust at the so called ‘sport’ of fox hunting. Some of these rich, posh, toffee-nosed public school boys in tights say that shooting foxes does not always kill the fox outright and that hunting with dogs is actually more humane. However, that could not be further from the truth. Fox hunters chose foxes purely for puerile pleasure; not because they want to help farmers. Indeed, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals reported a case of a twelve-year-old girl and her ten-year-old brother being traumatised at the sight of a fox being torn limb from limb by a pack of blood-thirsty hounds. Does this sound like humane pest control to you? Furthermore, being hunted by a wild pack is not a humane way to die. Statistics show that 92% of foxes killed in the hunt have a longer, more agonising death than these killed by more traditional methods of pest control. Stop the murder, stop the violence, stop fox hunting!
