Topic 4: Addiction Screening and Assessment Tools Chart Directions: Compete the following chart. An example has been provided for you in the first row. Include in-text citations in the table as well as a GCU-style reference listing below. A minimum of two to three scholarly references should be included per tool. Addiction Assessment Tool Tool Description Appropriateness of Use Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal) Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.) CAGE Questionnaire A brief 4 item, widely used questionnaire designed to assess alcohol use. CAGE is acronym for: C = Cut down A = Annoyed G = Guilty E = Eye opener Paper and pen or orally administered Takes less than 1 minute, Yes or No response Typically administered by health care professional or clinician and is client’s self- report, scored by tester CAGE Questionnaire-4 questions 1. Have you ever felt you should Cut down on your drinking? 2. Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking? 3. Have you ever felt bad or Guilty about your drinking? 4. Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover (Eye opener)? Often used in medical settings Several adaptations of tool available for use including computerized and self- administered versions. Free, in public domain and translated into many languages Not used to assess for drugs but adapted CAGEAID questionnaire can be used for drug use. Best use is in adult populations Criticism of the CAGE- not gender-sensitive. Women who are problem drinkers less likely to screen positive than men. It identifies alcohol-dependent persons, but may not identify binge drinkers. CAGE asks about "lifetime" experience rather than current drinking. A person who no longer drinks may screen positive unless the clinician directs the questions to focus on a more current time frame (ADAI, 2016). Scoring: Item responses on the CAGE are scored as 0 or 1. A higher score is an indication of alcohol problems. A total score of 2 or greater is considered to be clinically significant (Ewing, 1984; NIAAA, 2002) © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Addiction Assessment Tool Tool Description Appropriateness of Use Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal) Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.) 1. MAST Questionnaire Paper and pencil self-administered or The MAST has been used in a variety of MAST is one of the most commonly used Interview, self-administered and other settings of various populations. The target tests to determine substance dependence. third party (spouse, parent, etc.)The demographic was adults and teenagers. M = Michigan assessment is a 25-item questionnaire A = Alcoholism intended to offer quick and reliable monitoring for life-long conditions related S = Screening to alcohol and alcoholism. Several shorter T = Test versions of the MAST have been offered. It is 10-15 minutes long. It takes about 5 minutes to score the exam. It is indeed scored by the workers. The individual item scores are summarized and the © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Addiction Assessment Tool Tool Description Appropriateness of Use Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal) Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.) following scheme is used to describe the results: 0-4, not alcohol-dependent; 5-6, likely alcohol-dependent; 7 or more, alcohol-dependent.(Hedlund & Vieweg, 1984). 2. AUDIT Questionnaire Paper and pencil, self-administered, or Populations relevant to the AUDIT AUDIT is a clear and efficient form of interview The Alcohol screening program include primary care, screening for dangerous alcohol use, Use Disorders Identification Test emergency department, surgery and identified as dangerous or hazardous use (AUDIT) psychological patients; DWI offenders, or other alcohol use disorder. is a 10-item screening tool developed by criminals in court, jail, and prison; the World Health Organization (WHO). enlisted men in the Armed Forces; and Its divided into 3 sub scales: 3 questions © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Addiction Assessment Tool Tool Description Appropriateness of Use Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal) Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.) A = Alcohol assess the quantity and frequency of staff in employee support services and U = Use alcohol use, 3 focus on alcohol industrial environments. D = Disorder dependence, and 4 taps into the negative I = Identification consequences of alcohol use. It is at least T = Tool 2 minutes long. It is about 1 minute to score the test. It is scored by staff. Scores for each question range from 0 to 4, with the first response for each question (never) scoring 0, the second (less than monthly) scoring 1, the third (monthly) scoring 2, the fourth (weekly) scoring 3, and the last response (daily or almost © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Addiction Assessment Tool Tool Description Appropriateness of Use Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal) Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.) daily) scoring 4 3. ASI Questionnaire Paper and pencil self-administered, The ASI can be used successfully to ASI is a semi-structured interview Interview, Computer. Within 1 hour, a analyze issues within any adult intended to discuss seven common issues trained interviewer will collect community of people who identify drug of substance dependency patients: medical information on current (last 30 days) and abuse as their primary concern. It has status, employment and support, drug use, life-long problems in all problem areas. been used in mentally ill, homeless, alcohol consumption, legal status, The ASI offers an analysis of substance- pregnant, and imprisoned communities, family/social status, and clinical status. related concerns rather than concentrating but its main application has been for A = Addiction on any specific field. It takes about 5 people receiving care for drug abuse S = Severity minutes to complete the exam. It's scored issues. I = Index by a technician. The ASI offers two measures: the severity ratings are © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Addiction Assessment Tool Tool Description Appropriateness of Use Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal) Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.) discretionary ratings of the client's need for care, obtained by the interviewer; the cumulative measures are estimate of the severity of issues over the past 30 days and are determined by a computerized assessment method. 4.The T-ACE is an example of an alcohol Administered or administered by a The T-ACE is completed at intake. screening questionnaire that is based on psychologist. T-ACE is a testing Population pregnant women. the CAGE but modified to improve the instrument of four problems that are It can be used in combination with identification of risk drinking during important risk-drinking identifiers (i.e., laboratory findings and/or heavy drinking, pregnancy. The T-ACE identifies ≥90% ample alcohol consumption to potentially © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Addiction Assessment Tool Tool Description Appropriateness of Use Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal) Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.) of potential pregnant risk drinkers. affect the embryo/fetus). It's at least 1 or to measure the prevalence of pregnant minute long. The T-ACE score is about 0- women at risk. 5. The sum of each answer to the four questions is totaled to determine the final score of the T-ACE. 5.TWEAK Pencil-and - paper self-giving, Interview, Population for this assessment is pregnant The TWEAK is a 5-item instrument Machine self-giving. It consists of five women. developed from questions from the questions. It's at least 2 minutes long. MAST, CAGE, and T-ACE Takes about 1 minute to get the test It is an acronym for the following: scored. The health worker is going to score it. It is scored on a scale of 7 points. T= Tolerance: "How many drinks can you © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Addiction Assessment Tool Tool Description Appropriateness of Use Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal) Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.) hold?" (or, "How many drinks does it take TWEAK is a five-item scale developed to make you feel high?") originally to screen for risk drinking W= Worried: "Have close friends or during pregnancy (however, the items are relatives Worried or Complained about not gendered specific and the scale can be your drinking in the past year?" used with either women or men). E= Eye-openers: "Do you sometimes take a drink in the morning when you first get up?" A= Amnesia (blackouts); "Has a friend or family member ever told you about things you said or did while you were drinking that you could not remember?" © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Addiction Assessment Tool Tool Description Appropriateness of Use Include the full name, description of the tool, and what the tool measures (i.e., opioids, process, withdrawal) Type of tool (paper, pen, structured, unstructured), how it is administered, how many questions, and general scoring information When/where the tool is appropriate or inappropriate to use, where the tool will most likely be used (i.e., online, in-patient, outpatient, clinic), and what specific population the tool is used for (i.e., adolescents, elderly, pregnant.) K(C)= Cut Down: "Do you sometimes feel the need to cut down on your drinking?" References © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. https://www.drugabuse.gov/nidamed-medical-health-professionals/tool-resources-your-practice/screening-assessment-drug-testingresources/chart-evidence-based-screening-tools-adults https://www.sbirttraining.com/node/6657 https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/resource-guide-screening-drug-use-in-general-medical-settings/nida-quick-screen http://www.ceasar-boston.org/CRAFFT/screenCRAFFT.php Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (Eds.). (2016). Foundations of Addictions Counseling (3rd ed., The Merrill Counseling Series). Pearson. Retrieved 2020, from https://viewer.gcu.edu/rj3gPb © 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
