Name:
Bio I - Koch
Chapter 8: Photosynthesis
Energy Overview
What is the ultimate source of energy for living things?
What two chemical reactions are complete opposites of each other? What forms of energy do they yield?
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs
 How do autotrophs obtain energy? What organelle(s) do they need?

How do heterotrophs obtain energy? What organelle(s) do they need?
What is cellular energy?
 Cellular energy is ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is

ADP + P is converted into ATP inside
What does ATP do?
 Energy in the cell comes from breaking down ATP, specifically,
Investigating Photosynthesis
JAN VAN HELMONT
JOSEPH PRIESTLY
JAN INGENHOUSZ
MELVIN CALVIN
Photosynthesis Reaction
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
+
+
Chloroplasts
What are some features of chloroplasts?
Why Plants are Green
What is a pigment?
Looking at the graph, why are plants green?
Absorption of Light by
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
V
B
G
YO
R
Overview of Photosynthesis and the Reactions
LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION
LIGHT-INDEPENDENT (DARK) REACTION
Reactants
Reactants
Products
Products
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

Shortage

T

Intensity
The Light Reaction
Photosystem II
Hydrogen
Ion Movement
Inner
Thylakoid
Space
Thylakoid
Membrane
Stroma
Electron
Transport Chain
Photosystem I
ATP Formation
Summary of the Light Reaction
•
Carried out in the
•
Splits
•
Converts
and releases
reaction (ATP, NADPH)
into the atmosphere
into
to power the dark
The Dark Reaction
CO2 Enters the Cycle
Energy Input
5-Carbon
Molecules
Regenerated
6-Carbon Sugar
Produced
Sugars and other compounds
Summary of the Dark Reaction
•
Carried out in the
•
Uses
from the light reaction to convert
to
•
Needs
turns with 6
•
Returns the used chemical carriers (
reaction to be filled again
to make one
(C6H12O6)
,
and
) to the light
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration Reaction
6O2 + C6H12O6
+
6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
+
______
Calorie
•
Way to measure
•
Amount of energy needed to raise
1g glucose releases
•
Calorie on a food label =
•
Fats have
g of
by
°C
calories of heat energy
calorie content of
How Do We Burn Fuel?
•
Why can’t it be burned all at once?
•
control the extraction of energy
•
are also the “match” to get the reaction started
The Power of e•
Photosynthesis
o energy excites electrons (e-)
o Stored in the form of
•
Respiration
o Is broken down which releases
o Energy of the falling e- is used to make
o What is the only type of energy that a cell can use?
+ ENERGY
Pathways in Cellular Respiration
•
With oxygen:
(aerobic)
•
Without oxygen:
(anaerobic)
Glycolysis
• Occurs in the
6-C
3-C
3-C
3-C
3-C
3-C
3-C
2-C
2-C
Fermentation (Anaerobic = No oxygen)
Alcoholic Fermentation
6-C
GLYCOLYSIS
PYRUVIC ACID
Lactic Acid Fermentation
6-C
GLYCOLYSIS
3-C
3-C
PYRUVIC ACID
3-C
3-C
Overview of Cellular Respiration
Grand Total ATP
(generated
through cellular
respiration)
=
Aerobic Respiration (WITH oxygen) is made up of TWO reactions:
1. The Krebs Cycle

Pyruvic acid is groomed and broken down to yield

Summary of Krebs
and
o Three carbon chain (3-C) goes in

What comes out?

3 CO2

10 e-

6 H+

1 ATP
o Multiply this by 2 since 2 3-C came from 1 6-C glucose

The
you breathe out comes from the Krebs cycle.

Some
is produced for cellular activities.

All
get passed to the ETC to generate many more ATP
ATP
2. The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
•
Uses high-energy
from Krebs to make
•
Each pair of e- from Krebs yields
ATP for a total of
•
Each pair of e- from glycolysis yields
ATP
•
____________from breathing is needed to accept the low energy e- (they have lost their energy to
power the ETC which adds P to ADP to make ATP)
• ______combines with
and
to make
ATP
What Happens When You Exercise
•
•
In the beginning, you have
•
________ stored in your muscles
•
___________________________ fermentation
•
Cellular respiration
After a few seconds,
•
•
sources of
New ATP generated by
After 90 seconds,
•
Fuel source
runs out after
Can You Run Out of Glucose?
•
are broken up and fed into glycolysis and Krebs
•
Yields
•
are broken up into
, changed, and then fed into
glycolysis and Krebs
Sprinter and Marathoner
•
Proportion of
or
o Sprinter has more

Why?
o Marathoner has more

Why?
twitch muscle fibers