Drugs of Pharmacognosy PLANT NAME FAMILY PART USED CHEMICAL CLASS CONSTITUENTS Aconitum napellus Ranunculaceae Dried root Alkaloid Aconitine Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae Dried latex of leaves Glycoside Pimpinella anisum Umbelliferae Dried ripe fruit Volatile oil Haing Fernula foetida Umbelliferae Incised root & rhizome Resin Belladonna Angoor shafa Atropa belladonna Solanaceae 6 Benzoin Lobaan Styrax benzoin Styraceae 7 Black mustard Raai Brassica nigra Brassicaceae Dried ripe seeds Glycoside 8 Camphor Kafoor Cinnamomum camphora Lauraceae Chipped wood Volatile oil 9 Capsicum Surkh Mirch Capsicum annum Solanaceae Dried ripe food Resin 10 Caraway Zeera Carum carvi Umbelliferae Dried ripe food Volatile oil 11 Cardamom Choti Elaichi Elettaria cardamomum Zingiberaceae Dried ripe food Volatile oil 12 Cassia Amaltas Cassia fistula Leguminosae Dried ripe food Glycoside 13 Castor seed Arrind Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Dried ripe seeds Fixed oil 14 Catechu Katha Acacia catechu Leguminosae Dried extract from wood Tannin 15 Catharanthus Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae Whole dried plant Alkaloid 16 Cinnamon Cinnamomum loureirii Lauraceae Dried bark Volatile oil 17 Clove Long Eugenia caryophyllus Myrtaceae Dried flower buds Volatile oil Eugenol Beta-Caryophylline 18 Colchicum Saranjan Colchicum autumnale Liliaceae Dried ripe seeds or corm Alkaloid Colchicine 19 Colocynth Kor tuma Cirullus colocynthus Cucurbitaceae Dried pulp of fruit Resin Colocynthin Cucurbitacin Cathartic 20 Conium Mori Conium maculatum Umbelliferae Dried unripe fruit Alkaloid Coniine Analgesic 21 Coriander Dhaniya Coriandrum sativum Umbelliferae Dried ripe fruit Volatile oil Coriandrol Limonene 22 Curcuma Haldi Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae Dried rhizome Volatile oil Curcumin Solanaceae Dried leaves & flowering tops Alkaloid Hyoscyamine Scopolamine Digitoxin Gitoxin Carminative Flavoring agent For gall-stone For Jaundice Anticholinergic Antispasdomic For CCF For tachycardia Ephedrine Pseudoephedrine Sympatheti agent For Asthma Sr No. DRUGS 1 Aconite 2 Aloe 3 Anise 4 Asafoetida 5 23 URDU Meetha zeher Kanwar gandal saunf roofi Sada Bahar Daar Cheni Stramonium Dhatoora Datura stramonium Dried leaves & flowering tops Balsam from incised stem Alkaloid Resin 24 Digitalis Kuf al saalab Digitalis purpurea Scrophulariaceae Dried leaves Glycoside 25 Ephedra sem kalpa Ephedra sinica Ephedreaceae Whole dried plant Alkaloid PharmaIdea © Publications Barbaloin Aloe-emodin Anethol Safrol Asaresene Asaresinol Hyoscyamine Scopolamine Benzoresinol Benzoic acid Sinigrin Myrosin Camphor Capsaicin Vitamin C Carvone Limonene Cineole Limonene Sennosides Resin Richnine Catechin Quercitrin Vinblastine Vincristine Cinnamaldehyde Eugenol USES Analgesic Antipyretic Cathartic Purgative Carminative Flavoring agent Carminative Laxative Antispasmodic Anticholinergic Antispasdomic Expectorant Antiseptic Irritant Emetic Anti infective Antiseptic Carminative Irritant Carminative Flavoring agent Carminative Flavoring agent Cathartic Antigout Cathartic Astringent In dyeing Anticancer Carminative Antiseptic Carminative Antiseptic Dental analgesic Anti gout Anti inflammatory Sr No. DRUGS URDU PLANT NAME FAMILY PART USED CHEMICAL CLASS 26 Ergot Anaj Rog Claviceps purpurea Clavicipitaceae Dried serotium Alkaloid 27 Fennel Saunf Foeniculum vulgare Umbelliferae Dried ripe fruit Volatile oil 28 Garlic Lahsan Allium sativum Liliaceae Dried bulb Volatile oil 29 Gentian Jantiana Gentiana lutea Getianaceae Dried root & rhizome Glycoside Adrak Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae Dried rhizome Volatile oil Resin Malathi Glycyrrhiza glubra Leguminosae Dried root & rhizome Glycoside Acacia senegal Leguminosae Dried gum Polysaccharide Astragalus gummifer Leguminosae Dried gum Polysaccharide Ranunculaceae Dried root & rhizome Alkaloid Dreid leaves & flowering tops Alkaloid 30 31 Ginger (Zingiber) Glycyrrhiza (Liquorice) Gond keekar Gond kateera 32 Gum Acacia 33 Gum tragacanth 34 Hydrastis 35 Hyoscyamus Ajwain Hyoscyamus niger Solanaceae 36 Jalap Hareerr Exogonium purga Convovulaceae 37 Larkspur Jadwaar Delphiniun ajacis Ranunculaceae 38 Mastic Mastagi Pistacia lentiscus Anacardiaceae Resinous extract Resin 39 Myrrh Mur maki Commiphora molmol Burseraceae Resinous extract Resin 40 Nutgall Mazo phal Quercus infectoria Fagaceae 41 Nutmeg Jaifal Myristica fragrans Myristicaceae 42 Nux vomica Kuchla Strychnos nuxvomica Loganiaceae 43 Ocimum Tulsi Ocimum basilicum Labiatae 44 Opium Afiyoon Papaver somniferum Papaveraceae 45 Peppermint Podinah Mentha piperita Libiatae 46 Podophyllum Podophyllum peltatum Ranunculaceae 47 Pulsatilla Anemone pulsatilla Ranunculaceae Whole herb Volatile oil 48 Rauwolfia Bhoon Bakra Ratan Jogg Chotti Chandan Rauvolphia serpentina Apocynaceae Dried root & rhizome Alkaloid 49 Rhubarb Rewund Cheeni Rheum palmatum Polygonaceae Dried rhizome Glycoside 50 Rosin Berozah Pinus palustris Pinaceae Resinous extract Resin Zard jurr Hydrastis canadensis Dried tuberous root Dried root & seeds Vegetable out growth Dried kernels of seeds Dried ripe seeds Dried seeds, leaves & flowering tops Air-dried milky exudate by incising unripe capsule Dried leaves & flowering tops Dried root & rhizome PharmaIdea © Publications Resin Alkaloid Tannin Volatile oil Alkaloid Volatile oil Alkaloid Volatile oil Glycoresin CONSTITUENTS Ergotamine Ergotoxine Anethole fenchone Allicin Alliin Gentiopicroside Gentioside Zingiberene Zingerone Glycyrrhizic acid Liquiritin Arabin Arabic acid Tragacanthin Hydrastine Canadine Hyoscyamine (Atropine) Scopolamine (Hyoscine) Convolvulin Exogonic acid Delphinine Ajacine USES Oxytocic agent Carminative Flavoring agent Antiseptic For hypertension Bitter tonic Carminative Flavoring agent Expectorant Demulcent Suspending agent Emollient Suspending agent Emollient Astringent Anticholinergic Antispasdomic Cathartic Purgative For neuralgia For teeth As dental varnish to Alpha & Beta Resin seal cavities Resin acid Stimulant Resenes V. oil Emmenagogue Tannic acid Astringent Gallic acid For burns Myristicine Carminative Camphene For diarrhoea Strychinine CNS Stimulant Brucine Vermicide Carminative Coriandrol Diuretic Thymol Cardiotonic Analgesic Morphine Antipyretic Codeine Antidiarrhoeal Papaverine Hpnotic Menthol Carminative Menthone Teeth analgesic Antitumor Podophyllotoxin Cathartic Emetic Anemonal Purgative Reserpine Sedative Serpentine Hypotensive Aloe-emodin Anti-diarrhoeal Emodin Rhein Anhydrides of Stiffening agent abietic acid Diuretic PLANT NAME FAMILY PART USED CHEMICAL CLASS CONSTITUENTS Sanguinaria canadensis Papaveraceae Dried rhizomes Alkaloid Sanguinarine Seej Salvia officinalis Labiatae Dried leaf Volatile oil Sarsaparilla Ushbah Smilax species Liliaceae Dried root & rhizome Glycoside 54 Senna Sanamaki Cassia angustifolia Leguminosae Dried leaves Glycoside Sennosides 55 Spearmint Mentha cardica Libiatae Dried leaf & flowering top Volatile oil Limonene Carvone 56 Squill Jangli Piyaz Urginea maritima Liliaceae Dried bulb Glycoside Scillarin A 57 Tamarind Immli Tamarindus indica Leguminosae Dried ripe fruit Organic acid 58 Thyme Baan Ajwaain Thymus vulgaris labiatae Dried leaves & flowering tops Volatile oil 59 Valerian Valerianaceae Dried rhizome Volatile oil Sr No. DRUGS 51 Sanguinaria 52 Salvia 53 URDU Balchharr Valeriana officinalis PharmaIdea © Publications Thujone Pinene Sarsaponin Sarsapogenin Tartaric acid Citric acid Thymol Carvacrol Limonene Bronyl isovaleranate USES Diuretic Fatigue reliever Antirheumatic Blood purifier Cathartic Laxative Carminative Flavoring agent Emetic Diuretic laxative Antipyretic Antiseptic Carminative