Hazardous Earth: Complete the sentences: W______ air ______ at the e___________: L_______ pressure. Cool ______ falls: H______ pressure. As the air f_____ it warms again and flows b_______ to complete the cycle. Development Dynamics: Complete the sentences: If there is not ___________ money to pay for medical c________, infant ___________ will be higher than where healthcare is funded. If new _____________ have not been educated about baby hy__________, infant mortality will be higher. Environmental reasons may also be involved. For example, in t___________ climates d_____________ like malaria cause i___________ deaths. Challenges of an urbanising world: Calculate the following: The urban population of the world in 2000 was 2,84 billion. By 2005 it had risen to 3.15 billion. What wa the percentage rate of change from 2000 to 2005? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. (%increase = actual increase/original value x 100) Development Dynamics: Study the population pyramid. Describe the structure of the population in this country. Development Dynamics: Define the following: FDI – TNC – HDI – GDP per capita – Globalisation Challenges of an urbanising world: An abandoned building in the city of Detroit (USA). E_________ problems can mean that industry shuts down. It is difficult to get a j_____ so people move a_________. City g________________ rely on taxes from b_____________ and residents to make the c_____________ a pleasant, safe place to l__________ and work. If economic problems mean the tax goes down, the city starts to become run-d___________, crime r_________ rise and more p____________ move away. Challenges of an Urbanising World: Define the following: - Formal employment: - Informal employment: Hazardous Earth: Complete the sentences: 1. The c________ heats the m_________ rock in the mantle to create a c_____________ current. 2. Heated r_______________ from the m____________ rises to the Earth’s s__________. 3. At the surface the convection c________ moves the t___________ plates in the crust. 4. Molten rock c__________ and flows back to the c________ to be reheated. Challenges of an Urbanising World: Highlight the pull factors: Few opportunities Better healthcare Modern lifestyle Low pay and difficult work Low level of education Better education Many more opportunities Better pay Many more jobs Challenges of an Urbanising World: Read the definition and place the correct number in the space: ( ) When people move to live in another country. ( ) The difference between the number of births and deaths in a year. ( ) When people change where they live from rural areas to urban areas. ( ) When people move from one part of a country to live within that same country. 1. 2. 3. 4. Rural-urban migration International migration Internal migration Natural increase Complete the sentence: The economic s_____________ of developed cities are often dominated by s___________. Whereas, emerging cities like Mumbai are dominated by m____________ . Challenges of an Urbanising World: Define the following: a. Urbanisation: b. Regeneration: Hazardous Earth: Complete the sentences: Study the diagram below. What type of plate boundary is it? What tectonic hazards can occur here? Add labels to the diagram. Hazardous Earth: Which of the following is the main heat source that powers convection? ( ( ( ( ) magma ) continental drift ) radioactive decay ) subduction Hazardous Earth: Complete the sentences: C______________ plate boundaries e.g. Nazca Plate and S____________ American plate. These two plates c______________, the o____________ plate s______________ beneath the c______________ plate causing e____________ and volcanoes. Divergent plate boundaries like the E______________ and North American plates move a__________ as rising convection c___________ pull crust apart forming a v______________ r___________ , e.g. the M____Atlantic R_______ . Challenges of an Urbanising World: Which of the following factors affecting city land use would best explain why a polluting industry has located away from residential areas of a city? ( ) accessibility ( ) availability ( ) cost ( ) Planning regulations Development Dynamics: Complete the sentences: TNC’s could move out of a country as quick as they moved in. Also, working c_____________ maybe poor compared to those of d____________ countries. Thirdly, TNC’s often locate higher s______jobs in developed countries. TNC’s may insist on safe conditions, when they outsource p_________working conditions are poor, workers are e__________ through low pay and long h_________. Challenges of an Urbanising World: Complete the sentences: Asia is the centre of megacity g________ . By 2025, A______ should have at least 28 m_______________. Megacities are created where e____________ development is rapid. Define the following: Megacity: Hazardous Earth: Describe how the current transfers heat. Some o__________ currents are powered by the w__________ resulting from a_______________ circulation cells. In the Arctic and A__________- the water gets very c_____. This cold, salty, d________ water sinks. As it’s__________, warmer water from lower latitudes is p_______ in. This is cooled to by the p________ temperatures – and the c________ continues. World city: Urban primacy: Hinterland: Hazardous Earth: CAF the possible consequences of global warming. Consequences of global warming. Hazardous Earth: Complete the sentences: Global t___________ are rising, in 2015 the a___________ global temperature was 1 degree above a____________ global temperature in 1850-1900. Atmospheric C___________ dioxide levels are r____________. This is mostly due to h____________ activity such as i___________, agriculture and t____________ . Sea levels rose g_______ by about 14cm during the 20th century. Arctic sea i_____ covers 13% less of the sea each decade. Challenges of an Urbanising World: Change over time: Hazardous Earth: Global warming is closely associated with rising atmospheric co2 levels. Complete the stages of a city’s development: 1. The g_____________ effect is the trapping of the sun's w_________ in a planet's lower a_________________, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible r______________ from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's s__________. 1. The c_________ b__________ district (CBD) is located where the city first developed, where all m_________ roads join. 2. A m________________ zone develops. 3. New migrants live in this i___________ city zone, where housing is p________ but cheap and they are close to their j________ . 4. Developing p_____________ transport lets r_________ people live further out, in the pleasant s______________ . 5. The city gets too congested for i____________, which moves out to cheaper land in the suburbs. 6. The i__________ city areas get poorer. 7. As the city grows or e_________ , commuter j___________ from the outer suburbs become very long, some w___________ residents move back to the inner city and redevelop the old housing. Development Dynamics: Describe Rostows modernisation theory: The Quaternary glaciation (ice age) started 2.58 million years ago and has featured many glacial and interglacial events. When did the Quaternary glaciation finish? ( ) 1 million years ago ( ) 40,000 years ago ( ) We are still in Quaternary glaciation Hazardous Earth: Complete the sentences: Tropical c_____________ only form where sea t_____________ are above ________. This limits: Their geographical d_____________(they occur in the tropics, starting between 5 degrees and 30 degrees of latitude). Their seasonal distribution (they happen in s____________ and late autumn when s______ water gets warmest. Development Dynamics: Highlight issues associated with a youthful population: - A large number of retired people - High costs of child care - More care homes needed - Increased cost of pensions - High costs of healthcare for mothers and babies. - Higher dependent population - Large class sizes in schools Hazardous Earth: Complete the sentences: M____________ ice caps and thermal expansion of seawater means that r_________________ sea levels are a c______________ of global w____________. For communities living on l____-lying coastlines high sea levels bring more chance of coastal f_____________ . Development Dynamics: Hazardous Earth: Link the diagram to the correct plate Governments contribute to globalisation by: boundary - Setting up f____________ trade areas and encouraging T____ to locate Divergent plate there. boundaries - Agreeing low t____ arrangements for TNC’s, because this encourages TNC’s (Constructive) to set up o______________ in different countries. - Establishing trade a________________- that encourage Convergent or discourage exports from plate boundary d________________ to emerging (Destructive) countries. - Passing l_____ that make global t_________ of money and investment easier. Collision plate boundary - Making countries p____________ stable, which encourages TNC’s to i___________ there. - Encouraging f_________ trade policies. Name 5 different TNC’s that operate across the world. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Conservative plate boundary What is the Pacific Ring of Fire? Development Dynamics: Highlight the social indicators of development: - GDP - HDI - Birth rate - PPP - Death rate - Fertility rate - Literacy rate Hazardous Earth: Complete the sentences: On ____ March 2011, a powerful e____________ struck north-e______ Japan. It m__________ 9.0 on the r_______ scale and triggered a t______________ that overwhelmed the coast and inland areas. Japanese s____________ had predicted a smaller earthquake to hit n______ of the country, but an earthquake of this magnitude was unexpected. Development Dynamics: - Identify which of the following is a measure of economic development: Hazardous Earth: Highlight the PRIMARY impacts: - Buildings were damaged - A tsunami killed thousands of people - Severe liquefaction - Power supplies were cut off - Road and rail networks were cut off - Farmland lost - People injured - People made homeless - People suffered depression - Airports closed ( ( ( ( ) GNI per capita ) Birth rate ) Life expectancy ) Literacy rate State what is meant by Gross National Income (GNI) Hazardous Earth: Which of the statements best describes movement of air at the equator? ( ) Air rises up ( ) Air sinks down ( ) Air moves up and down ( ) Air is still and does not move Challenges of an Urbanising World: 1. Give two push factors that encourage people to move from rural to urban areas. a. b. 2. What is meant by the term ‘tertiary industry’? 3. State one disadvantage of ‘bottom-up strategies’ being used in megacities. Study the map above. Name 1 country for each climatic zone. Hazardous Earth: Challenges of an Urbanising World: study the photograph of Dharavi Slum in Mumbai. Explain two challenges of people living in squatter settlements: 1. PEEL Study the diagram above. State two features of tropical cyclones. 1. 2. 2. PEEL Challenges of an Urbanising World: Which of the following statements is correct? ( ) Megacities have a population of less than 10,000 people. ( ) Magacities have a population of more than 100 million people. ( ) Megacities have a population of more than 10 million people. Hazardous Earth: Study the map on the left. Describe and explain the distribution of earthquakes around the world.
