Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE
Philippine Politics and
Governance 12
Quarter 2 Module 10:
The Nature of Elections and
Political Parties in the
Philippines
MELC: Analyze the nature of elections and political
parties in the Philippines.
Prepared by:
EVINA JOY T. MAGNO
Teacher I
Suyo National High School
Philippine Politics and Governance- Grade 12
Share-A-Resource-Program
Quarter 2 – Module10: The Nature of Elections and Political parties in the
Philippines
First Edition, 2020
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12
Philippine
Politics and
Governance
Quarter 2-Module 10:
The Nature of Elections and
Political Parties in the
Philippines
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you,
our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home.
Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully
stated for you to understand each lesson with ease.
This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson.
This will show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of this module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for all
activities and tests. We trust that you will be honest in using them.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher is also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you in your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. Likewise, read the instructions carefully before performing each
task.
If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or
facilitator.
Thank you.
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What I Need To Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. This module shall serve to
give you a more in depth knowledge about the basics of politics and the important
terms that may be associated with it. Through this module, you will be able to realize
that politics is applied in our day-to-day living.
MELC: Analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines.
What I Know
TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, then FALSE if it is
incorrect. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Elections are integral to democratic governance.
2. Elections serve as a major source of political recruitment, a means of
making government, and of transferring government power.
3. All elective officials in the Philippines are elected through direct vote by the
people.
4. The emergence of institutions such as constitutional law, the secret ballot,
the referendum, political parties in the Philippines was a product of American
colonialism.
5. Elections in the Philippines are administered by an independent
Commission on Elections once every three years.
6. The first election in the Philippines was held in Baliwag, Bulacan on May
1898 under American supervision.
7. The provisions of Act No. 60 in 1901 restricted participation in the early
electoral exercise to the male, educated and land-owning members of the traditional
elite.
8. Philippine post-war politics was characterized by an "indistinct two-party
system" with intense competition between the Nacionalista party and the Liberal
Party.
9. The 1991 Local Government Code provides for the elections of local
government officials.
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10. A political party is a group of people that is organized for the purpose of
winning government power by electoral or other means.
What’s In
ACTIVITY 1: JUMBLED LETTERS
INSTRUCTION: Arrange the jumbled letters to form a word.
LRECLA
NELCTONIE
TEVO GUYNBI
LOPICATIL YRPTA
PITICALLOT WEORP
AUOTTEDMA CILNECTOE
FSFUGERA
PMICHAETENM
Lesson
1
ELECTIONS
What’s New
Picture Analysis: Analyze the picture then briefly explain your understanding of the
message that it wants to convey. What is the impact of this to government and
governance?
2
What Is It
The image above introduces us to our new topic on elections and political
parties. Before we go further with our discussions, let us first define and understand
important concepts which we will encounter as we go on.
ELECTION is a mechanism through which the holding of power is legitimized. It
provides a way to legitimize leadership of a country because the voters have chosen
who they want to represent them. Elections are a form of representative
government. Through the mechanism of elections, politicians are held accountable
for their actions, and are compelled to introduce policies that reflective and
responsive to public opinion. Ideally, elections serve as a ‘major source of political
recruitment, a means of making government, and of transferring government
power, a guarantee of representation, and a major determinant of government
policy.'
SUFFRAGE is defined as the constitutional right of the people to vote. Section 5 of
the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides for the qualifications and the system for
election in the Philippines.
Under the 1987 constitution, all elective officials – president, vice-president,
senators, members of the House of Representatives, local chief executives and local
legislators – are chosen by a direct vote of the people through a ‘first-past-the-post
system’ (Agra, 1997b: 1). The Philippine electoral system has generally been
consistent throughout history.
The president and the vice-president are separately elected by a direct vote of the
people through simple plurality nationwide. Both serve a term of six years. The
president is not eligible for any re-election while the vice-president sits one term out
after serving for two successive terms. Since 1935, the Commission on Elections
(COMELEC) has administered all electoral exercises in the Philippines. The president
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of the Philippines with some other high ranking officials in the government may be
removed through the process of impeachment.
The 1991 Local Government Code provides for the election of local government
officials. The governor, vice-governor, city mayor, city vice-mayor, municipal mayor,
municipal vice-mayor and punong barangay (village head) are elected at large in their
respective areas. Elections are conducted through simple plurality every three years.
Likewise, members of the local legislative assemblies such as the provincial board,
city and municipal councils are elected by district and plurality vote. However,
members of the village assembly are elected at large in their respective areas.
Representatives and local government officials are allowed a maximum of three
consecutive terms before they can again seek reelection. Local government officials
may be removed from office through the process of recall.
What’s More
Petal Web Organizer
Directions: Using the petal web organizer, write the most important concepts
that you have encountered in your study on Philippine elections. Write your
answers in your answer sheets.
Questions:
1. How do you find the activity?
2. What are the important details you find out about the topic?
3. Do you find it helpful to know about the details of the topic?
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Lesson POLITICAL PARTIES
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What’s New
Have you come across these logos before? If your answer is yes, fill in the blanks
below what do these logos stand for.
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ __
What Is It
POLITICAL PARTY is a group of people that is organized for the purpose of winning
government power by electoral or other means. This is a voluntary association of
individuals who advocate certain principles or policies as a superior to all others for
the general conduct of government and which nominates and supports certain of its
leaders as electoral candidates.
The Philippines has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which
no one party has a chance of gaining alone, and parties must work with each other
to form coalition governments for political expediency and convenience.
Section 6, article IX C of the 1987 constitution states that "free and open party
system shall be allowed to evolve according to the free choice of the people, subject
to the provisions of this Article". This provision provides the constitutional basis for
the shift from a two-party system to a multi-party system under a presidential form
of government. Under the previous and long-standing election rule, only two
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individuals, each representing the two major parties were allowed to be members of
the precinct Board of Election Inspectors.
There are 5 major political parties listed below:
Characteristics of a Political Party
1. Has an organized structure with lines of authority and power distribution.
2. Seek to attract popular support in the form of votes.
3. Seek political power directly through electoral method.
4. Prepared to support a candidate and fight for victory in an election.
The Functions of Political Parties
1. Leadership Recruitment – The political party is still likely to be a structure that
identifies potential leaders, brings them to public attention, and secures them the
support necessary for taking public office.
2. Coordinate policy across the different branches of government.
3. Mobilize voters
4. Provide accountability – used by voters to hold elected officials accountable
What’s More
Stop and Reflect
Directions: Create a table that shows a summary of what you have learned
from the discussion above. Write your answer in your notebook.
What Political Party is
What Political Party is
not
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Why are political parties
important?
What I have Learned
➢ ELECTION is a mechanism through which the holding of power is
legitimized.
➢ Section 5 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides for the
qualifications and the system for election in the Philippines.
➢ The president of the Philippines with some other high ranking officials
in the government may be removed through the process of
impeachment.
➢ Local government officials may be removed from office through the
process of recall.
Additional Activities
ESSAY. Analyze the picture. In not more than 5 sentences each answer the questions
that follow.
1. One of the most controversial issues during elections in the Philippines is vote
buying. Do you agree?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________.
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2. What social issue or concern can you associate with the act of vote buying? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________.
3. As a 12 grade learner and as a responsible member of the community, how can
you help in the prevention of this act?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________.
Assessment
Directions: There are ten words/phrases that you can find below in the box
below. From these set of words, identify what is being asked for in the
following statements.
RECALL
ART 5 1987 CONSTITUTION
IMPEACHMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991
SUFFRAGE
POLITICAL PARTY
Section 6, article IX C of the 1987 Constitution
ELECTION
COMELEC
PRESIDENT
1. The process by which local government officials may be removed from their
office.
2. The provision of the law that provides for suffrage. It also provides for
qualifications and the system of elections in the Philippines.
3. The law which provides for the qualifications of the governor, vice governor,
mayor, vice- mayor and other officials in provinces, municipalities and
barangays.
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4. It refers to the right of the citizens to vote.
5. A voluntary association of individuals who advocate certain principles or policies
as a superior to all others for the general conduct of government and which
nominates and supports certain of its leaders as electoral candidates.
6.
This provision provides the constitutional basis for the shift from a two-party
system to a multi-party system under a presidential form of government.
7. The department of the government responsible for the conduct or
administration of election.
8. The process involve in removing the president and other high ranking
officials in government from their posts.
9. The mechanism through which the holding of power is legitimized.
10. The position in government which is not eligible for any re-election.
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