Assi
gnmentofpr
i
nci
pl
eofani
mal
nut
r
i
t
i
on
JI
MMA UNI
VERSI
TY COLLEGEOFAGRI
CULTURE
ANDVETERI
NARYMEDI
CI
NE
Depar
t
mentofvet
er
i
nar
ymedi
ci
ne
YearI
I
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.Semest
erI
I
Name.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ay
el
eAsef
a
I
D .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
RU1371/
12
Assi
gnment
.
.
.
.
.
.Pr
i
nci
pl
eofani
mal
nut
r
i
t
i
on
I
nst
r
uct
or
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Wasi
hunHassen(
Assi
st
antpr
of
essor
,
PhDcandi
dat
e)
Cour
secode.
.
.
.
.
AnSc2042
Cour
secr
edi
t
.
.
.
.
.
3
Submi
ssi
ondat
e.
.
.
.
.
.
5/
01/
2022
Gi
v
epr
eci
seand shor
tanswerf
oreachquest
i
ons(
copypast
eanswer
s
r
esul
t
st
ot
al
cancel
at
i
onofy
ourpoi
nt
)
Duedat
e5/
1/
2022
1.WhyAni
mal
canst
andmuchl
ongert
i
mewi
t
houtf
eedt
hanwat
er
?
2.Wat
eri
nt
akeofwor
ki
ngani
mal
i
shi
ghert
hani
dl
eani
mal
why
?
3.Themor
esal
ti
nt
akemeant
heani
mal
needsmor
ewat
erwhy
?
1
Assi
gnmentofpr
i
nci
pl
eofani
mal
nut
r
i
t
i
on
4.I
si
tpossi
bl
et
osayal
l
pol
y
sacchar
i
dei
sr
esi
st
ancet
omammal
i
anenzy
me?
I
fy
ousayy
esornoj
ust
i
f
yy
ourr
eason
5.Li
nol
ei
c,
l
i
nol
eni
candar
chi
doni
car
edi
et
ar
yr
equi
r
ementofal
lani
mal
sand
known as Essent
i
alFat
t
yAci
ds (
EFA)
.Whyt
hese t
hr
ee Fat
t
yaci
ds ar
e
cat
egor
i
zedasessent
i
al
?
6.Whi
chpr
ot
ei
nsi
nmostcaseshav
est
r
uct
ur
alr
ol
esi
nani
malcel
l
sand
t
i
ssues,
andal
soi
nsol
ubl
eandar
ev
er
yr
esi
st
antt
oani
mal
di
gest
i
v
eenzy
mes?
7.Ami
noaci
dsar
ecl
assi
f
i
edi
nt
o;Essent
i
alAmi
noAci
ds(
EAA)
,Cr
i
t
i
calor
Li
mi
t
i
ngAmi
noAci
ds(
CEAA)andNoneEssent
i
alAmi
noAci
ds(
NEAA)
.Br
i
ef
l
y
descr
i
bet
hei
rdi
f
f
er
ence
8.Pr
ot
ei
nqual
i
t
yr
ef
er
st
ot
ot
alPr
ot
ei
n(
ni
t
r
ogen)cont
entandcomposi
t
i
on
andbal
anceoft
heessent
i
alami
noaci
ds.Whi
chf
eedsour
cecont
ai
nsbest
pr
ot
ei
nqual
i
t
y
?
9.Whati
sMal
l
ar
dorBr
owni
ngr
eact
i
on?
10.Pl
ant
s and ani
mal
s cont
ai
nl
ar
ge numberofcompounds cont
ai
ni
ng
ni
t
r
ogenwhi
char
enotpr
ot
ei
nsbydef
i
ni
t
i
ons.Thesear
eknownasNone
Pr
ot
ei
nNi
t
r
ogen(
NPN)
.Li
stsomeexampl
eofNPN.Forwhi
chcl
assofani
mal
NPNcanbeusedassour
ceofni
t
r
ogen?
2
Assi
gnmentofpr
i
nci
pl
eofani
mal
nut
r
i
t
i
on
1)WhyAni
mal
canst
andmuchl
ongert
i
mewi
t
houtf
eedt
hanwat
er
?
Becausewat
erhel
pst
o
 Mai
nt
ai
nbodyt
emper
at
ur
e
 Remov
emet
abol
i
cwast
epr
oduct
 Tr
anspor
tnut
r
i
ent
s,
hor
mone
 Tr
anspor
tchemi
cal
messenger
s
 Regul
at
ebl
oodosmot
i
cpr
essur
e
Ther
ef
or
e;i
fanani
mali
sdepr
i
v
edofwat
ert
heseal
lpr
ocesseswi
l
ldi
st
ur
b
andr
esul
t
si
nt
hedeat
hoft
heani
mal
.Asar
esul
twat
eri
sbyf
arv
er
y
i
mpor
t
antf
orani
mal
t
ost
ayl
ongert
hanf
eed.
2)Wat
eri
nt
akeofwor
ki
ngani
mal
i
shi
ghert
hani
dl
eani
mal
why
?
 Wor
ki
ngani
mall
oseswat
eri
nt
hef
or
m ofsweat
,i
nur
i
ne,
i
nbr
eat
h,
and r
espi
r
at
i
on (
met
abol
i
sm)
.As ani
malst
ar
t
s wor
ki
ng t
he body
t
emper
at
ur
eoft
heani
malst
ar
t
st
oi
ncr
ease.Resul
t
i
ngi
nl
oseofwat
er
bysweat
.Ther
ef
or
e;wor
ki
ngani
malneedsmor
ewat
eri
nor
dert
o
r
epl
eni
sh t
he wat
erl
ostv
i
a sweat
i
ng ,
br
eat
h,wi
t
hf
eces.
.
et
c as
compar
edt
oi
dl
eani
mal
.Si
ncedur
i
ngwor
kt
hehomeost
asi
soft
he
ani
mali
sbei
ngdi
st
ur
bedi
ti
si
mpor
t
antf
ort
heani
malt
odr
i
nkmor
e
wat
ert
hanor
di
nar
i
l
yknown,becausewat
erhasagr
eatef
f
ecton
cont
r
ol
l
i
ngmaj
oract
i
v
i
t
i
esoft
hebody
.
3)Themor
esal
ti
nt
akemeant
heani
mal
needsmor
ewat
er.
why
?
 Asani
malupt
akemor
esal
tt
hannor
mal
l
yknowni
tr
equi
r
esmor
e
wat
erupt
aket
hanusual
l
yknown. Becausesal
tdr
i
v
esmor
ewat
er
f
r
om t
hebl
ood,muscl
es,t
i
ssuesandcel
l
ssoast
oexcr
ett
heext
r
a
i
nt
akeoft
hesal
t
.
Thi
sr
esul
t
si
nmuscl
el
esi
ons,t
i
ssuesshr
i
nki
ngand
ect
.Ther
ef
or
e;i
nor
dert
oav
oi
dt
hesecondi
t
i
onsani
malneedmor
e
wat
erupt
akewhent
heyt
akemor
esal
t
.
4).I
si
tpossi
bl
et
o sayal
lpol
y
sacchar
i
dei
sr
esi
st
ancet
o mammal
i
an
enzy
me?I
fy
ousayy
esornoj
ust
i
f
yy
ourr
eason
Nobecausest
ar
chandgl
y
cogenar
edi
gest
i
bl
ebymammal
i
anenzy
mes.For
exampl
est
ar
chi
sdi
gest
edbymammal
i
anenzy
meknownasamy
l
ase.The
st
ar
chdecomposesi
nt
odi
sacchar
i
debymeansofamy
l
ase.I
f
,f
orexampl
e,
t
hedi
sacchar
i
def
or
medf
r
om decomposi
t
i
onofst
ar
chi
ssucr
oset
heenzy
me
sucr
asebr
eakdowni
ti
nt
of
r
uct
oseandgl
ucosewhi
chcanbeabsor
bedand
ut
i
l
i
sed byt
he bodyoft
he ani
mal
.
Ther
ef
or
e;we can'
tconcl
ude t
hatal
l
3
Assi
gnmentofpr
i
nci
pl
eofani
mal
nut
r
i
t
i
on
pol
y
sacchar
i
desar
enotdi
gest
i
bl
ebymammal
i
anenzy
mes.
5)Li
nol
ei
c,
l
i
nol
eni
candar
chi
doni
car
edi
et
ar
yr
equi
r
ementofal
lani
mal
sand
known as Essent
i
alFat
t
yAci
ds (
EFA)
.Whyt
hese t
hr
ee Fat
t
yaci
ds ar
e
cat
egor
i
zedasessent
i
al
?
 Theset
hr
eef
at
t
yaci
dsar
ecal
l
edessent
i
alf
at
t
yaci
dsbecauset
hey
cannotbesy
nt
hesi
zedi
nt
hebody
.Ther
ef
or
e;t
heyhav
et
obesuppl
i
ed
wi
t
hi
nf
eedf
ort
heani
mal
.Thi
si
st
her
easonwhyt
heyar
ecl
assi
f
i
edas
essent
i
al
f
at
t
yaci
ds.
6)Whi
chpr
ot
ei
nsi
nmostcaseshav
est
r
uct
ur
alr
ol
esi
nani
malcel
l
sand
t
i
ssues,
andal
soi
nsol
ubl
eandar
ev
er
yr
esi
st
antt
oani
mal
di
gest
i
v
eenzy
mes?
Fi
br
ouspr
ot
ei
nshav
east
r
uct
ur
alf
unct
i
onbecauset
heyar
e mor
eorl
ess
i
nsol
ubl
e and i
ndi
gest
i
bl
e.Forexampl
e,col
l
agen i
st
he mostnat
ur
al
l
y
abundantpr
ot
ei
ni
nnat
ur
ewhi
chf
r
omst
hemaj
orcomponentofconnect
i
v
e
t
i
ssue.Ker
at
i
ni
sal
soaf
i
br
ouspr
ot
ei
nwhi
chi
st
hebasi
cst
r
uct
ur
aluni
tof
hai
randnai
l
.Thi
st
wopr
ot
ei
nsasanexampl
eoff
i
br
ouspr
ot
ei
nt
heyf
or
m
st
r
uct
ur
aluni
tf
orconnect
i
v
et
i
ssueandhai
r,r
espect
i
v
el
y(
col
l
agenand
ker
at
i
n)
.
7)Ami
noaci
dsar
ecl
assi
f
i
edi
nt
o;Essent
i
alAmi
noAci
ds(
EAA)
,Cr
i
t
i
calor
Li
mi
t
i
ngAmi
noAci
ds(
CEAA)andNoneEssent
i
alAmi
noAci
ds(
NEAA)
.Br
i
ef
l
y
descr
i
bet
hei
rdi
f
f
er
ence.
Based on t
hei
ri
mpor
t
ance ami
no Aci
ds ar
e cat
egor
i
sed under t
hr
ee
cat
egor
i
es.Thesear
e:

Essent
i
alami
noAci
ds:ar
eami
noaci
dswhi
chcannotbesy
nt
hesi
zed
i
nani
malbodi
es(don'
ti
ncl
uder
umi
nant
sbecauset
heycansy
nt
hesi
s
t
hem i
nr
umendur
i
ngr
umenmi
cr
obi
alf
er
ment
at
i
on)andhast
obe
suppl
i
edwi
t
hi
nf
eeds.
 None essent
i
alami
no Aci
ds :ar
e ami
no aci
ds whi
ch can be
sy
nt
hesi
zedi
nani
malbodi
esandt
her
ef
or
e;noneedt
osuppl
ywi
t
hi
n
f
eedi
fr
equi
r
ed.
 Cr
i
t
i
calami
noaci
ds:ar
eami
noaci
dswhi
char
eabsenti
ncommon
ani
mal
f
eed.
Forexampl
e,
absenceofar
gi
ni
ne,
t
r
y
pt
ophan,
met
hi
oni
neandl
y
si
nei
n
chi
ckenf
eed.
8)Pr
ot
ei
nqual
i
t
yr
ef
er
st
ot
ot
alPr
ot
ei
n(
ni
t
r
ogen)cont
entandcomposi
t
i
on
andbal
anceoft
heessent
i
alami
noaci
ds.Whi
chf
eedsour
cecont
ai
nsbest
pr
ot
ei
nqual
i
t
y
?
4
Assi
gnmentofpr
i
nci
pl
eofani
mal
nut
r
i
t
i
on
 Pr
ot
ei
nqual
i
t
yr
ef
er
st
oapr
ot
ei
nt
hatcont
ai
nsabal
ancedpr
opor
t
i
on
ofal
lessent
i
alami
noaci
ds.Thi
st
y
peofpr
ot
ei
nsar
eobt
ai
nedf
r
om
ani
mal
andani
mal
bypr
oduct
s.
9)Whati
sMal
l
ar
dorBr
owni
ngr
eact
i
on?
 Mal
l
ar
dr
eact
i
on i
sar
eact
i
on r
esul
t
sf
r
om excessi
v
e heat
i
ng of
pr
ot
ei
ns.Dur
i
ngt
hi
sexcessi
v
eheat
i
ngt
hepr
ot
ei
nr
esul
t
si
nf
or
mat
i
on
ofi
ndi
gest
i
bl
e ami
no sugarcompl
ex
.Thi
sr
eact
i
on t
akes pl
ace
bet
weent
heal
dehy
degr
oupofcar
bohy
dr
at
esandami
nogr
oupoft
he
pr
ot
ei
npr
ov
i
dedt
hatheatandwat
ermustpr
esent
.
10) Pl
ant
sandani
mal
scont
ai
nl
ar
genumberofcompoundscont
ai
ni
ng
ni
t
r
ogenwhi
char
enotpr
ot
ei
nsbydef
i
ni
t
i
ons.Thesear
eknownasNone
Pr
ot
ei
nNi
t
r
ogen(
NPN)
.Li
stsomeexampl
eofNPN.Forwhi
chcl
assofani
mal
NPNcanbeusedassour
ceofni
t
r
ogen?
Exampl
eofNPNar
e:
Or
gani
csour
ceofNPN.
 Ur
i
caci
d
 Ami
noaci
ds.
 Ammoni
um acet
at
e
 Ur
ea
I
nor
gani
csour
ceofNPN
I
ncl
udesi
nor
gani
csal
t
ssuchas:
 Ammoni
um chl
or
i
de
 Ammoni
um phosphat
e
 Ammoni
um sul
f
at
e
 Thecl
assofani
malf
orwhi
chNPNcanbeusedassour
ceofni
t
r
ogen
f
orpr
ot
ei
nsy
nt
hesi
si
sr
umi
nant
s(butnotf
ori
mmat
ur
er
umi
nant
s
because t
he r
umen ofi
mmat
ur
er
umi
nant
shasno mi
cr
obest
hat
sy
nt
hesi
spr
ot
ei
n usi
ng t
hi
snonepr
ot
ei
n ni
t
r
ogen asa sour
ceof
ni
t
r
ogen)
.
5