INDEX Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX RN Examination 8th Edition
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Index Note: Page numbers followed by f indicate figures, t indicate tables, and b indicate boxes. A Abacavir 912 Abacavir/lamivudine 912 Abbreviations, common measurement 502b ABCs physiological integrity questions and 33 prioritizing nursing actions and 29, 30b, 83b in triage 86 Abdomen assessment of 161–162 in newborn 343 wall defects of 414–415 Abdominal aneurysm resection, positioning clients in 211–212 Abdominal aortic aneurysm 725 resection of 725–726, 726f Abdominal girth, measurement in cirrhosis 633f Abdominal pain, in rheumatic fever 454f Abducens nerve 163–164t Abduction child 969–970 of newborn 347, 347b ABGs See Arterial blood gases (ABGs) Abnormal thought processes in dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease 948 in schizophrenia 942–943, 942b Abnormality, determination of 33b 2626 ABO typing 272 Abortion 281, 282b, 334 Abruptio placentae 292–293, 293f Absence seizure 840b Absorptiometry, dual-energy x-ray 871 Abuse assessment questions for 969b child 970–971, 970b further questions related to 43b older adult 252, 971–972, 972b victims of, care for 49 Abusive behaviors 967–968 Accelerations, in fetal heart rate 307–308 Acceptance, pregnancy and 269 Access to resources, further questions based on 43b Accessory muscles of respiration 659 Accidents, older client and 172, 172b Accommodation in conflict resolution 79 ocular, assessment of 154b Accountability 74–75 Acculturation 51–52 Acetabular dysplasia, developmental dysplasia of hip 478b Acetaminophen 126, 860b, 861 poisoning, in children 419 Acetylcholine 869 Acetylsalicylic acid 126 side and adverse effects of 126b Acid-base balance 110–119, 111f arterial blood gases and 114–116, 115t, 116b compensation in 116 hydrogen ions, acids, and bases in 110 metabolic acidosis and 113t, 114, 114b metabolic alkalosis and 113t, 114, 114b 2627 regulatory systems for 110–111, 111–112f respiratory acidosis and 111–112, 112b, 113t respiratory alkalosis and 112–113, 113b, 113t Acidity, homeostasis of 757 Acidosis kidneys and 111 metabolic 113t, 114–115, 114b, 115t metabolic, with chronic kidney disease 765 potassium response to 111, 112f respiratory 111–112, 112b, 113t, 115, 115t role of lungs in 111 Acids 110 Acinus 658 Acitretin 523–524, 523b Acne products 524–526, 524b, 525f Acne vulgaris 514 Acoustic nerve 163–164t Acoustic neuroma 812 Acquaintance rape 972 Acquired immunity 898 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 904–905, 906b in children 487, 488b, 488f medications for 912–913, 913b in pregnancy 286–287 Acrocyanosis, in newborn 342, 342f Acromegaly 581 Actinic keratosis 522, 522b Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) 129 heparin administration and 737 Active phase, of labor 309, 309t Active transport 95 Activity intolerance, with chronic kidney disease 763 Acute kidney injury (AKI) 761–762, 761–762b Acute lymphocytic leukemia 387 2628 Acute pancreatitis 637 Acute respiratory distress syndrome 664, 1043 Acute respiratory failure 663–664, 1042 Acute/transient pain 124 Acyclovir 291 Adalimumab 893 Adam’s test 480 Adapalene 525 Addicted newborn 352–353 Addictions 953–963 alcohol misuse 955–956, 957b alcohol withdrawal 956–957, 956b drug dependency 957–960, 957–958b eating disorders 953–954, 954f in health care professionals 960 substance use disorders 954–955, 954b, 957b Addisonian crisis 583–584, 584b Addison’s disease 583, 583t, 608 Adenocarcinoma, esophageal 544 Adenoiditis 426, 426f ADHD See Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Adhesive transparent film 517t Administration of medications, ophthalmic 819–820, 820f of otic medication 824–825 pediatric 500–506 Administrative staff, roles of 79 Admission client rights and 924b involuntary 924–925 voluntary 924 Admission agreement 63b Adolescents developmental considerations for administering medications to 504b 2629 eczema in 373b growth and development of characteristics of 237–238 communication approaches in 228 Erikson’s theory of 220b, 220t Freud’s theory of 223b hospitalized 227–228 vital signs of 237b HIV in 489 nutrition and 139b Adrenal cortex anatomy and physiology of 578, 579b insufficiency of 583 Adrenal glands 757 anatomy and physiology of 578–579 disorders of 583–586, 583–584b, 583t, 584f, 586b in fluid and electrolyte balance 96 Adrenal medulla, anatomy and physiology of 579 Adrenalectomy 584–586, 586b Adrenergic agonists 748, 748b α-Adrenergic agonists 822b β2-Adrenergic agonists 679b Adrenergic blockers 743, 743b α-Adrenergic blockers, peripherally acting 742–743, 742b β-Adrenergic blockers for cardiac disorders 745, 745b for eye disorders 822b, 823 Advance directives 62, 67–68 Adventitious crisis 965b Adventitious sounds 158, 159t Advocate 58 AED See Automated external defibrillator (AED) African Americans end-of-life care in 239b 2630 risk factors in 42–43 Afterbirth pains 327 Afternoon body temperature 120 Aganglionic megacolon 413 Age burn injury and 1025 cancer development and 532 developmental, oral medication administration and 500, 501f temperature and 120 Age-related macular degeneration 804, 824 Agencies of the mind, in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222 Aggression 967 Aggressive behavior 939b Aging, definition of 248 Agitation in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease 948 management of 1056 Agnosia, in stroke 842b AICD See Automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) AIDS See Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Air embolism as complication in hemodialysis 769b in intravenous therapy 998–1000t in parenteral nutrition 1004, 1005–1006t Airborne precautions 175–176 Airway obstruction, with epiglottitis 432f suction of, in newborn 344 AKI See Acute kidney injury (AKI) Akinetic seizure 840b Alaska Natives, risk factors in 45 Alba 325 Albiglutide 613 2631 Alcohol misuse 955–956, 957b Alcohol withdrawal 956–957, 956b Aldosterone 579b in fluid and electrolyte balance 96, 757 hypersecretion of 584 Alertness, in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t Alginate dressing 517t Alike options, elimination of 34, 34b Alkalosis kidneys and 111 metabolic 113t, 114–116, 114b, 115t potassium response to 111, 112f respiratory 112–113, 113b, 113t, 115, 115t role of lungs in 111 Alkylating medications 569–570, 569b Allen’s test 114, 116b Allergic reactions, to insulin therapy 590 Allergic rhinitis 427 Allergy 900 latex 900–902, 901–902b, 901f intravenous therapy and 996 Allis sign 478 Allogeneic stem cell donor 535 Allograft, for burn injury care 1029b Allopurinol 891–892 Alopecia 390t Alosetron 652 Altered thought processes in dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease 948 depression and 940b Altretamine 572 Aluminum compounds, as antacids 650t Alveolar ducts 658 Alveoli 658 2632 Alzheimer’s disease 947, 947b medications for 986–987, 986b Amantadine 689t Ambenonium chloride 856b Ambivalence, pregnancy and 269 Ambulation, safety during 172 Ambulatory care 203–204, 203b American Hospital Association, Client’s (Patient’s) Bill of Rights 62b American Indians, risk factors in 45 American Nurses Association Code of Ethics 58, 62b American Red Cross (ARC) 83–84 Amino acids 137 in parenteral nutrition 1003 Aminoglycosides adverse effects of 915–916t nephrotoxic 761b 5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs), for inflammatory bowel disease 652, 652b Aminosalicylic acid 687 Amish 239b Amnesia, dissociative 937 Amniocentesis 275 Amnion 260–261 Amniotic fluid 261 test of, in pregnancy 274 Amniotic fluid embolism, in labor and birth 320 Amniotic fluid index 274 Amniotic membranes, for burn injury care 1029b Amniotomy 312 Amobarbital 858–859 Amphetamines 859, 859b Amphiarthrosis 870t Amylin mimetic 613–614 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 846 Anal stage, of psychosexual development 223b 2633 Analgesia, patient-controlled 996 Analgesics epidural catheter for 1001, 1002f intrathecal opioid, for labor and birth 311 nonopioid 860–861, 860–861b opioid 861–863, 862b for maternity and newborn medications 363 urinary tract 790, 790b Analysis, questions on examination associated with 31, 31b Anaphylactic reaction, to antineoplastic medications 569, 569b Anaphylactic shock 1057 Anaphylaxis 900, 900b, 901f, 1054b, 1056, 1057f Anasarca 93 Androgens 609, 609b Android pelvis 258 Anemia 556–557 aplastic 383 in chronic kidney disease 763–764 folate deficiency 557–558 high-iron diet for 143 iron deficiency 557 in pediatric patient 383 medications to treat 572 sickle cell 380–381, 381b, 381f vitamin B12 deficiency 557 Anergy panel 906b Anesthesia for labor and birth 311 topical, ophthalmic 822 Aneurysm abdominal, resection of 211–212 aortic 725–726, 726f cerebral 839, 840b positioning clients with 212 2634 Anger 967 Angina 712–713 medications for 744–745, 744b Angiography cerebral 833 positioning clients in 212 fluorescein 800 pulmonary 660 Angioplasty laser-assisted 703 percutaneous transluminal coronary 702–703, 702f Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors 448, 743–744, 743b Angiotensin II 757 Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) 743–744, 743b Angles of injection 185, 186f Animal tissue, for burn injury care 1029b Anion 94b Ankle edema, in pregnancy 270 Annuloplasty, mitral 719 Anorexia in dying client 241b as radiation therapy side effect 390t Anorexia nervosa 953 Anorexiants 859, 859b Antacids 649, 650f, 650t Anterior cord syndrome 1051 Anterior fontanel, in dehydration, pediatric 398t Anthrax 176–177, 176f, 177b Anthropoid pelvis 258 Antiandrogens, for malignancy 571b Antianginal medications 744–745, 744b Antianxiety/anxiolytic medications 983 for bipolar disorder 938 Antiarthritic medications 892–893, 892b, 892f 2635 Antibiotics 914, 915b for acne vulgaris 524b, 525 adverse effects of 915–916t effects in surgical patient 197b hearing loss due to 825b second-line medications for tuberculosis 686–687 Antibodies, for organ rejection prevention 791b Anticholinergics 679–680, 679b, 790, 790b effects in surgical patient 197b for eye disorders 820–821, 820b for Parkinson’s disease 857, 857b Anticholinesterase medications 855 Anticipatory grief 964 Anticoagulants, effects in surgical patient 197b Anticonvulsants, effects in surgical patient 197b Antidepressants effects in surgical patient 197b tricyclic 979–980, 979b Antidiarrheal medications 653b Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 96 in fluid and electrolyte balance 756 syndrome of inappropriate 582–583 as oncological emergency 555, 1031 Antidotes, for opioids 363 Anti-dsDNA antibody test 898 Antidysrhythmic medications 747–748 effects in surgical patient 197b Antiemetics 652, 653b Antiestrogens, for malignancy 571b Antifungals adverse effects of 915–916t for HIV 913 Antihistamines 681, 681b, 825–826, 825b Antihypertensive medications 741–742, 741–742b 2636 effects in surgical patient 197b Anti-infective medications for ears 825, 825b for eyes 821, 821b for HIV 913 Anti-inflammatory medications for eyes 821–822, 821b for HIV 913 Antilipemic medications 748–749, 749b Antimetabolite medications 570, 570b Antimicrobials, for inflammatory bowel disease 652, 652b Antimyasthenic medications 855, 856b Antimycobacterials, adverse effects of 915–916t Antineoplastic medications 567–569 adverse effects of 567 alkylating 569–570, 569b anaphylactic reaction to 569 antimetabolite medications 570, 570b antitumor antibiotic medications 570, 570b description of 567, 568f health promotion and maintenance and 568 hormonal medications and enzymes 571, 571b immunomodulator agents: biological response modifiers 572, 572b mitotic inhibitor medications 570–571, 571b nephrotoxic 761b physiological integrity and 567–568 psychosocial integrity and 568 safe and effective care environment and 568 targeted therapy 572 topoisomerase inhibitors 571, 571b Antinuclear antibody (ANA) determination 898 Antiparkinsonian medications 856–857, 857b Antiplatelet therapy, for angina 713 Antipsychotic medications 984–985, 984b 2637 neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to 985–986 side and adverse effects of 985b Antipyretics, for increased intracranial pressure 836b Antiretroviral medications, for HIV/AIDS 487 Antirheumatic drugs 481b Antiseizure medications 857–859, 858–859b, 858t for increased intracranial pressure 836b Antiseptics, urinary tract 788 Antisocial personality disorder 945–946 Antispasmodics 790, 790b Antithymocyte globulin 914 equine 792 Antithyroid medications 606–607, 606b Antitumor antibiotic medications 570, 570b Antitussives 682, 682b Antiviral medications for HIV 913 for influenza 689–690, 689t Antrectomy 628 Anus assessment of 167 in newborn 343 imperforate 416–417, 416b Anxiety 933, 934b in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222 generalized anxiety disorder 934, 934b NCLEX-RN® examination and 25 separation of in hospitalized adolescent 227–228 in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 226–227 in hospitalized school-age child 227 Aorta, coarctation of 450 Aortic aneurysms 725–726, 726f 2638 Aortic insufficiency 719, 719t Aortic semilunar valve 696 Aortic stenosis 450, 719, 719t Apgar scoring system 340, 341t Aphasia, in stroke 842 Apheresis, for stem cell harvesting 535 Apical heart rate of adolescent 237b of newborn and infant 232b of preschooler 235b of school-age child 237b of toddler 234b Aplastic anemia 383, 558 Aplastic crisis, in sickle cell anemia 381b Apneustic respiration 834b Appearance, in mental status exam 148 Appendectomy 412–413 Appendicitis 640 in children 412–413 Appendicular skeleton 869 Apraxia, in stroke 842b aPTT See Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) Aqueous humor 799–800 ARBs See Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) ARC See American Red Cross (ARC) Arm, peripheral sites in 996, 996f Arterial blood gases (ABGs) 114–116, 661 in acid-base imbalances 115, 115t analysis of results in 116b compensation and 116 normal values for 115t specimen collection for 114–115, 116b Arterial disease, peripheral, positioning clients in 212 Arterial disorders 723–725, 724f 2639 Arterial pressure 697 Arterial vascular grafting, positioning clients in 212 Arteries anatomy and physiology of 698 coronary anatomy and physiology of 697, 697f atherectomy of 703 bypass grafting of 703–705, 703f, 1045–1046 disease of 711–712, 712f laser-assisted angioplasty 703 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of 702–703, 702f stents 703 peripheral assessment of 161b disease of 723–724, 724f Arteriolar vasodilators, direct-acting 746–747, 746b Arterioles 698 Arteriovenous fistula, for hemodialysis 768–769, 768f Arteriovenous graft, for hemodialysis 768f, 769 Arteriovenous shunt, external, for hemodialysis 767–768, 768f Arthritis, rheumatoid 881–882, 881b, 892f medications for 892–893, 892b, 892f Arthrocentesis 870–871 Arthrodesis 882 Arthroplasty 882 Arthroscopy 871 Artificial skin, for burn injury care 1029b Aschoff bodies, with rheumatic fever 454 Ascites 631 Asian Americans end-of-life care in 239b risk factors in 45 Asperger syndrome 473 Aspiration 2640 as complication, of gastrointestinal tube feedings 1014 meconium, in newborn 349 needle, of thyroid tissue 580 pneumonia 434 Aspirin 860b poisoning, in children 419 Reye’s syndrome and 471 side/adverse effects of 861b Assault as legal risk 61 sexual 972 Assessment of adult client 148–170, 148b body systems assessment 151–167 See also Body systems assessment documentation of findings 167 in emergency department 86 environment/setting for 148 health history in 148 mental status exam in 148–151, 151b physical exam in 151 techniques for 151 vital signs in 151 questions on examination associated with 30–31, 31b strategic words associated with 28b types of 148b words, on examination 28b Assignments process of 81–82 questions on examination regarding 34–35, 35b Assimilation, in Piaget’s theory 219 Assist-control ventilation 1039 Asterixis 632, 633f Asthma 664–666, 664f, 665b in children 435–438, 436–437b, 436t 2641 laboratory tests for 436b precipitants triggering 436b respiratory acidosis due to 112b triggers of 665b Astigmatism 801 Asystole 1045 Ataxic respiration 834b Atazanavir 912 Atelectasis postoperative 199–200, 199f respiratory acidosis due to 112b Atherectomy 703 Atherosclerotic coronary artery 712f Atom 94b Atonic seizure 840b Atopic dermatitis, in child 373, 373b Atresia esophageal 408–409, 409f tricuspid 451 Atrial fibrillation 706, 706f Atrial septal defect (ASD) 449, 449b Atrioventricular (AV) canal defect 449 Atrioventricular (AV) node 696 Atrioventricular valves 696 Atrium 696 Atropine toxicity 820–821 ATT See Authorization to Test (ATT) Attention, in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 473 medications for 986, 986b Attention span, in mental status exam 151b Attitude, in labor and birth 304 Audio questions 9, 11f Audiometry 807 2642 Audit, in quality improvement 77 Auditory assessment 155 Auscultation 151 abdominal 161–162 in heart assessment 160, 160f in lung assessment 158, 158–159f Authorization to Test (ATT) 24 form 15 Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) 473–474 Autocratic leadership 75 Autograft(ing) for burn injury 1029b, 1030 positioning clients with 209 Autoimmune disease pemphigus 903–904 polyarteritis nodosa 903 scleroderma 903 systemic lupus erythematosus 902–903 systemic sclerosis 903 Autologous blood donation 1007 Autologous stem cell donor 535 Automated external defibrillator (AED) 709 Automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) 709–710 Automated peritoneal dialysis 771, 771b Autonomic dysreflexia 1054 manifestations of 1052b positioning clients with 212 in spinal cord injury 1056b in spinal cord injury client 838b Autonomic nervous system 831 assessment of 834 role in cardiovascular function 697 Autonomy 58b Avascular necrosis 876 2643 Aversion therapy 926 Avian influenza A (H5N1) 668 Avoidance, in conflict resolution 79 Avoidant personality disorder 946 Awareness, in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 221–222 Axial skeleton 869 Axillary lymph nodes 161 Axillary measurement, of temperature 121 Axons 831 Azathioprine 792, 893, 914 for dermatitis 521b Azelaic acid 525 B Babinski reflex 834b Babinski’s sign, in newborn 346 Bacillus anthracis 176 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine 671 Backache, in pregnancy 271 Backward failure, of heart 715 Baclofen 890, 891b Bacteria, urinary, antiseptics for growth inhibition of 788 Bacterial infection of amniotic cavity 282 croup 431, 432f impetigo 373–374 meningitis 470 pneumonia 434–435 pyelonephritis, during pregnancy 293 Bacterial vaginosis, during pregnancy 295 Balanced suspension traction 874–875, 874f Ballard scale 340 Balloon valvuloplasty 719 Ballottement 266 2644 Barbiturates 858–859, 983–984, 984b Bariatric surgery 629, 630b, 630f Barium swallow 623 Barlow’s test 478 Baroreceptors 697 Barrier protection 176 Basal cell carcinoma 513, 513b Basal ganglia 830 Bases 110 See also Acid-base balance Basic care and comfort, subcategories on examination 5t, 6b Basiliximab 792, 914 Bathing, of newborn 347 Battered individuals, care for 49 Battery, as legal risk 61 Baxter resuscitation formula 1027t Bed boards, for proper positioning 213b Bed positions 209f Bee sting 512 Behavior therapy 926 Behaviors abusive 967–968 in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 473 with bipolar disorder 939b in dehydration, pediatric 398t of effective leader and manager 75b in mental status exam 151 substance use disorders 955 suicidal 965–967, 966b Bell’s palsy 846 Beneficence 58b Benign prostatic hyperplasia 780–781, 781f, 793, 793b Benzodiazepines 859, 983, 983b Benzoyl peroxide 525 Betamethasone 363 2645 Bethanechol chloride 790 Bexarotene 572 Bicarbonate in acid-base balance 110, 111f normal values of 115t renal regulation of 111 value changes in acid-base imbalances 115, 115t Biceps reflex, during pregnancy 290b Bicuspid (mitral) valve 696 Bile acid sequestrants 651, 651b, 748 Bile duct, common 623 Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) 1038–1039, 1039f Biliary obstruction 631 Bilirubin assessment of, in newborn 344 in hyperbilirubinemia 350 Bill of Rights, Client’s 61, 62b Billroth I procedure 545b, 628, 628f Billroth II procedure 545b, 628, 628f Biological dressing 517t Biological response modifiers 572, 572b Biological warfare agents 176–178, 176–177f, 177b Biophysical profile, in pregnancy 274 Bioprosthetic valves 720 Biopsy of bladder 760 bone or muscle 871–872 for cancer diagnosis 532–533 liver 625–626 positioning clients and 210, 211b lung 661 renal 760 skin 509 Biosynthetic materials, for burn injury 1029b 2646 Bioterrorism 178 BiPAP See Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) Bipolar disorder 937–938, 938b Birth canal 258 Birth control 261 Birth trauma 341 Birthmarks 342, 343t Bishop score 312, 312t, 364 Bisphosphonates 894 Bites and stings 511–512 Black widow spider bite 511 Blackheads 514 Bladder anatomy and physiology of 757 cancer of 551–555 metastatic 531b continuous irrigation 550, 551b enuresis and 461 exstrophy 463 as radiation therapy side effect 390t trauma of 782 Bladder control in preschooler 236 in toddler 235, 235b Bladder exstrophy 463 Bladder ultrasonography 759 Bleeding assessment in dark-skinned client 152 gastrointestinal, with chronic kidney disease 763b, 764 with leukemia 387, 389b, 537 postoperative 200 postpartum 333, 334b, 334f during pregnancy 281 Bleeding disorders 2647 hemophilia 381 von Willebrand’s disease 382 Bleomycin 570 Blind spot 799 Blindness, legal 801 Block lumbar epidural 311 subarachnoid 311 Blood cleaning spills of 175 pediatric disorders of aplastic anemia 383 hemophilia 381–382 iron deficiency anemia 383 sickle cell anemia 380–381, 381b, 381f β-thalassemia major 382–383, 382b von Willebrand’s disease 382 Blood bank precautions 1009b Blood coagulation factors 698 hemophilia due to deficiency of 381 Blood glucose cardiovascular testing of 699 in diabetes mellitus, pediatric 400 in diabetic ketoacidosis 402 in hyperglycemia, pediatric 401 in hypoglycemia, pediatric 401 in newborn, with hypoglycemia 354 self-monitoring of 591, 592b Blood glucose monitoring in diabetes mellitus 401 lessening pain of 401b Blood pressure (BP) 123–124 of adolescent 237b cardiac surgical unit postoperative monitoring of 704, 1046 2648 control of 697–698 in dehydration, pediatric 398t factors affecting 123 in hypertension 727 medications, for increased intracranial pressure 836b of newborn 232b, 340 in postpartum vital signs 326t in preeclampsia 289t of preschooler 235b of school-age child 237b of toddler 234b Blood products administration 1006–1011 blood warmers in 1008 compatibility in 1007–1008, 1007t cryoprecipitates 1007 fresh-frozen plasma 1007 granulocytes 1007 infusion pumps for 1008 packed red blood cells 1006–1007 platelet 1007 precautions and nursing responsibilities in 1008, 1009b types of donations 1007 Blood salvage 1007 Blood specimen collection, pseudohyperkalemia and 99 Blood supply, to brain 831 Blood transfusion complications of 1010b consent for 63b reactions to 1008–1010, 1010b Blood type, in antepartum diagnostic testing 272 Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 131, 699, 758 Blood vessels, ocular 800 Blood warmers 1008 Bloodborne metastasis 531 2649 Blue spells 451, 451b BMT See Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) BNP See B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) Body fluids 93–94 See also Fluid and electrolyte balance compartments 93, 94f constituents of 94 description of 93–94 intake and output of 96, 96f movement of 95 third-spacing of 93 transport of 94–95 Body image changes in, during pregnancy 269 disturbed, with rheumatoid arthritis 881 Body language, in mental status exam 151 Body measurements, of newborn 341 Body mechanics, positioning clients and 211b Body surface area (BSA) calculating pediatric 502–503, 503b, 503f chemotherapy dosing based on 567 Body systems assessment 151–167 abdomen 161–162 breasts 160–161 ears 155–156, 156b eyes 153–155, 154b, 154f female genitalia and reproductive tract 165–166 head, neck, and lymph nodes 152–153 heart 159–160, 160f, 161b integumentary system 151–152, 152b, 152t lungs 157–159, 157b, 158–159f, 159t, 160b male genitalia 166–167 musculoskeletal system 162–163, 162t neurological system 163–165, 163–164t, 165b in newborn 344–347, 345f 2650 nose, mouth, and throat 156–157 peripheral vascular system 160f, 161b and peripheral vascular system 159–160 rectum and anus 167 Body temperature 120 conversion of 121b Body weight calculating pediatric dosages by 502, 502b percentage of body fluid 93 Bone marrow suppression, as radiation therapy side effect 390t Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) 535 Bone mineral density measurement 871 Bone scan 871 Bones biopsy of 871–872 characteristics of 869 growth of 869 healing of 870, 870f osteosarcoma of 391 types 869 Borderline personality disorder 946 Bordetella pertussis 491 Borrelia burgdorferi 904 Botulism 177 Bowel, perforation of 625b Bowel control in preschooler 236 in toddler 235, 235b Bowel elimination, in dying client 241b Bowel sounds, assessment of 161 Bowman’s capsule 756 Bracelets, information, in newborn 347 Braces, for scoliosis 480 Brachytherapy 534–535 2651 Bradycardia fetal 307 sinus 697, 705–706 Brain anatomy and physiology of 830–831 cancer of, metastatic 531b tumors of, pediatric 392–393, 393b Brain attack 841–843, 841–842b, 842f positioning clients in 212 Brain trauma, respiratory acidosis due to 112b Brainstem 830 involvement in pediatric head injury 469b Breach of duty 60 Breast assessment of 160–161 cancer of 542–544, 543f metastatic 531b discomfort, from engorgement 327 mastitis 335, 335f physiological maternal changes of 268–269 in postpartum period 325, 326b tenderness 270 Breast-feeding engorgement in 325, 326b in newborn 345 parent teaching 347–348, 347f nutrition and 139b, 232 in postpartum period 327–328 procedure in 328b Breast self-examination (BSE) 542, 543f Breath sounds abnormal 158, 159t in asthma 437 normal 158 2652 Breathing preoperative 194–195, 195b techniques, for labor and delivery 307, 307b Breech presentation, in labor and birth 304 Bricker’s procedure 552 Bronchi, mainstem 658 Bronchiectasis 112b Bronchioles 658 Bronchiolitis 433–434 Bronchitis in children 433 respiratory acidosis due to 112b Bronchodilators 678–679, 679b for cystic fibrosis 440 Bronchogenic cancer 547 Bronchophony 160b Bronchoprovocation testing 436b Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, in newborn 349 Bronchoscopy 211, 659–660 Bronze baby syndrome 351 Brown recluse spider bite 511 Brown-Séquard syndrome 1051–1052, 1051f Brudzinski’s sign 165, 470, 835b, 847, 847f BSA See Body surface area (BSA) BSE See Breast self-examination (BSE) B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) 699 Bubonic plague 177 Buck’s traction 874, 874f Buddhism, end-of-life care and 239b Buerger’s disease 725 Bulimia nervosa 953–954 Bulk-forming laxatives 652, 653b Bullying 968 BUN See Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 2653 BUN/creatinine ratio 758 Bundle of His 696–697 Bureaucratic leadership 75 Burn injury 1023, 1023b age and general health and 1025 chemical, ocular 805–806, 805b in child 376, 376b, 377f depth of 1023–1025 full-thickness 1024–1025, 1024f deep 1025, 1025f inhalation injuries 1025–1026 location of 1025 management of 1026–1027, 1026t pathophysiology of 1026 positioning clients with 209 priority nursing actions 1023b rule of 9 for estimation, of burn percentage 1024f superficial partial-thickness 1024, 1024f superficial-thickness 1023–1024 Burn products 526, 526b Busulfan 569 Butorphanol tartrate 363 Butterfly sets 993 Bypass grafting, coronary artery 703–705, 703f, 1045–1046 Bypass surgery, for peripheral arterial disease 724f C Cadaver donors, kidney 772 Calcipotriene 523, 523b Calcitonin-salmon, for osteoporosis 893 Calcium as antacids 650t cardiovascular testing of 699 diet for high intake of 143 2654 disorders in, medication to 607b food sources of 138b in hypercalcemia 102–103, 103t in hypocalcemia 102, 103f, 103t See also Hypocalcemia for osteoporosis 893 serum 102 Calcium canaliculi 778b Calcium channel blockers 745–746, 745b Calculation of correct dosage 187 of pediatric body surface area 502–503, 503b, 503f pediatric medication 500–506 percentage and ratio solutions in 187 pharmacological 36 standard formula for 187b Caloric testing, of neurological system 833 Calorie intake high, diet for 142 postpartum 327 Canal of Schlemm 800 Canaliculi, renal 777–778, 778b treatment options for 778–779, 779f Cancer 531–532 antineoplastic medications for 567–569 bladder 551–555 breast 542–544, 543b, 543f cervical 540–541, 540b chemotherapy for 533–534 classification of 531 colorectal 546 diagnostic testing of 532–533, 532b early detection of 532 endometrial 542 esophageal 544 2655 factors influencing development of 532 gastric 544–545, 545b grading and staging of 531, 532b laryngeal 548, 548f lung 547–548 metastatic 531, 531b ovarian 541–542 pain control in 533 pancreatic 545, 545f prevention of 532 prostate 549–551 radiation therapy for 534–535, 534b skin 512–513, 513b surgery in 533 testicular 539–540, 539f uterine 542 warning signs of 532b Candida albicans integumentary 509–510 in vaginal candidiasis 295 Candidate performance report, following failure of examination 19 Candidiasis, vaginal, during pregnancy 295 Canes 877 Cannulas intravenous 993 nasal 433t Cantor tube 1012f CAPD See Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) Capillaries 698 Capillary filling time 152b Capreomycin sulfate 686 Capsule endoscopy 623–624 Capsules 185 Caput succedaneum 341 2656 Car safety seats, guidelines and 228–229 Carbamide peroxide 826 Carbidopa-levodopa 857 Carbohydrates diet for consistent intake of 142 metabolic acidosis due to insufficient metabolism of 114b nutrition and 137 in parenteral nutrition 1003 Carbon dioxide (CO2), partial pressure of normal range of 115t value changes in acid-base imbalances 115–116, 115t Carbon monoxide poisoning 1025, 1026t Carbonic acid 757 Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system in acid-base balance 110 metabolic alkalosis and 114 respiratory alkalosis and 112–113 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 822b, 823–824 Carboprost tromethamine 366 Carcinogen 532 Cardiac catheterization 701–702, 701f in angina 713 in children 452–453 in coronary artery disease 712 positioning clients in 212 Cardiac diet 141, 141b Cardiac disease, in pregnancy 281–282, 282b Cardiac dysrhythmias 705–708, 705–708f, 706–707b management of 708–710 medications for 747–748 Cardiac glycosides 740–741 Cardiac markers 698 Cardiac output 1057 in atrial septal defect 449b 2657 heart rate and 697, 705 signs and symptoms of 449b Cardiac tamponade 704, 718, 1045 Cardiogenic shock 717, 1043, 1044f, 1056 Cardiomyopathy 720, 721t Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for adults 708 guidelines of, for infants 355 Cardiotonic medications 739–740, 740b, 740f Cardiovascular defects, interventions for 452, 452b Cardiovascular disorders, in children 447–458 aortic stenosis 450 atrial septal defect 449, 449b atrioventricular canal defect 449 cardiac catheterization 452–453 coarctation of aorta 450 defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow 450–451 defects with increased pulmonary blood flow 449–450 heart failure 447–449, 448b hypoplastic left heart syndrome 451–452 interventions for 452, 452b Kawasaki disease 454–455, 455b mixed defects 451–452 obstructive defects 450 patent ductus arteriosus 449–450 pulmonary stenosis 450 rheumatic fever 454, 454b, 454f surgery for 453 tetralogy of Fallot 451 total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 452 transposition of great arteries/vessels 452 tricuspid atresia 451 truncus arteriosus 452 ventricular septal defect 450 2658 Cardiovascular findings, in liver dysfunction 633f Cardiovascular medications 737–754 adrenergic agonists 748, 748b adrenergic blockers 743, 743b β-adrenergic blockers 745, 745b angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 743–744, 743b angiotensin II receptor blockers 743–744, 743b antianginal medications 744–745, 744b anticoagulants 737–738, 738b antidysrhythmic medications 747–748 antihypertensive medications 741–742, 741–742b antilipemic medications 748–749, 749b antiplatelet medications 739, 739b calcium channel blockers 745–746, 745b cardiac glycosides 740–741 centrally acting sympatholytics 743, 743b diuretics 741–742, 741–742b peripherally acting α-adrenergic blockers 742–743, 742b positive inotropic and cardiotonic medications 739–740, 740b, 740f thrombolytic medications 738–739, 738b vasodilators direct-acting, arteriolar 746–747, 746b miscellaneous 747 peripheral 746, 746b Cardiovascular system 696–736 acidosis manifestations in 113t alkalosis manifestations in 113t anaphylaxis manifestations in 901f anatomy and physiology of 696–698 assessment of, in newborn 344 changes in, with aging 248 chronic kidney disease manifestation in 763b diagnostic tests and procedures 698–702 disorders of 2659 angina 712–713 aortic aneurysms 725–726, 726f arterial 723–725, 724f cardiac dysrhythmias 705–708, 705–708f, 706–707b cardiac tamponade 704, 718, 1045 cardiogenic shock 717, 1043, 1044f cardiomyopathy 720, 721t coronary artery disease 711–712, 712f diagnostic tests and procedures 698–702 embolectomy for 726–727 heart failure 715–716, 716b, 716t hypertension 727–728, 728b hypertensive crisis 729 inflammatory 717–718, 718b myocardial infarction 713–715, 714b pacemakers for 710–711, 711b therapeutic management of 699b, 702–705, 702–703f, 705b valvular 718–720, 719t, 720b vascular 720–723, 722b vena cava filter and ligation for 727, 727f fluid volume deficit and excess findings in 97t hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia findings in 103t hypokalemia and hyperkalemia findings in 99t hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia findings in 104t hyponatremia and hypernatremia findings in 101t interventions in spinal cord injury 1053 medications for 737–754 physiological maternal changes in 267–269, 268f positioning clients in 211–212 postoperative care of 198, 198f Cardioversion 708–709 Carditis, in rheumatic fever 454f Caregiving, in health disparities 42 Caring, as Integrated Process subcategories 6 2660 Carisoprodol 890, 891b Carotid artery, assessment of 160 Carotid sinus massage 708 Cartridge, prefilled medication 186 Case management 73 Case manager 73 Case method, nursing 74 Case studies 14 Casts 875 in children 482–483 CAT See Computer adaptive testing (CAT) Cataracts 802, 802f, 803b surgery for, positioning clients in 212 Catatonic posturing, in schizophrenia 941 Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, for Parkinson’s disease 857b Catecholamines, urinary, normal values of 581 Catheter/catheterization cardiac 701–702, 701f in angina 713 in children 452–453 in coronary artery disease 712 positioning clients in 212 epidural 1001–1002, 1002f femoral 1001f for hemodialysis 767 Hickman 1001f infection at site of 1004b for parenteral nutrition 1002 for peritoneal dialysis 770f subclavian 1001f urinary 1016, 1017b of urinary stoma 554b Catheter embolism 998–1000t Catholic Church 2661 end-of-life care and 239b organ donation and transplantation and 63 Cation 94b Cauda equina syndrome 1051f, 1052 CBI See Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) CD4+ lymphocyte count, in HIV/AIDS 489t Celiac crisis 412 Celiac disease 411–412 Cell cycle, antineoplastic medications 567, 568f Cellular response 898 Cellulitis 511 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 230 Central cord syndrome 1051, 1051f Central nervous system hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia findings in 104t hyponatremia and hypernatremia findings in 101t Central nervous system depressants 957–958 intoxication 957b respiratory acidosis due to 112b Central nervous system stimulants 859–860, 859b, 958 intoxication 958b Central venous catheters access sites for 1001f infection at site of 1004b for intravenous therapy 1000–1001, 1001f peripherally inserted 1001–1002, 1001f tunneled 1000–1001, 1002f vascular access ports for 1001 Central venous pressure (CVP) 1043, 1057 Centralization 77 Centrally acting sympatholytics 743, 743b Cephalhematoma 341 Cephalic presentation, in labor and birth 304 Cephalosporins, adverse effects of 915–916t 2662 Cerebellar function, assessment of 164–165 Cerebellum 830 Cerebral aneurysm 839, 840b positioning clients with 212 Cerebral angiography 833 positioning clients in 212 Cerebral cortex 830, 831b Cerebral palsy 467, 468f Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) 1057 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 830–831 imbalance, in hydrocephalus 469 Cerebrum 830 Cerumen 813 Ceruminolytic medication 826 Cervical cerclage 290 Cervical collar 878 Cervical disk herniation 878–879 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 540b Cervical skin traction 874 Cervical spine injuries 1052 traction for 1054 Cervix 258 cancer of 540–541 dilation of, in labor and birth 309, 309t incompetent, in pregnancy 290 physiological maternal changes of 268 in postpartum period 325 ripening of, prostaglandins for 364 Cesarean delivery 313 CF See Cystic fibrosis (CF) Chadwick’s sign 266 Change process of 78, 78b, 78f of shift report 80 2663 Chaplain, roles of 79 Charismatic theory, of leadership and management 75b Chart/exhibit questions 9, 10b, 27 Checklist, preoperative 196, 196b Chelation therapy 418–419 Chemical burn, ocular 805–806, 805b Chemical carcinogens 532 Chemical restraints 173 Chemical warfare agents 178 Chemistry panel 906b Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist 913 Chemotherapy 533–534 for bladder cancer 552 for leukemia, in children 388–389 Chest assessment of, of newborn 342 examination of in heart assessment 159 in lung assessment 157, 157b Chest injuries 662–663 Chest pain 744b medications for 744–745, 744b Chest physiotherapy (CPT) 1035, 1036b for asthma 437 for cystic fibrosis 439 Chest tube 1021–1023, 1022f Chest x-ray for asthma 436b in cardiovascular assessment 699 film 659 Cheyne-Stokes respiration 834b Chickenpox 491, 491f Chief complaint 148 Childhood obesity 399 2664 Children abduction 969–970 abuse 970–971, 970b eczema in 373b grief in 965b increased intracranial pressure in 388b protection from bleeding 389b Chlamydia pneumoniae 434 Chlamydia trachomatis 367 Chlamydial infection, in pregnancy 272, 273t, 293 Chloasma 269 Chlorambucil 569, 569b Chlordiazepoxide 956 Chloride food sources of 138b quantitative sweat test 439b shift 110 Chlorzoxazone 890, 891b Cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde 624–625 Cholecystectomy 631 Cholecystitis 630–631, 631b Choledocholithotomy 631 Cholelithiasis 630 Cholesteatoma 811 Cholesterol, medications for reduction of 748 Cholinergic agonists, for eye disorders 822b Cholinergic crisis 856b in myasthenia gravis 844 Cholinergics 790–791 Chorea, in rheumatic fever 454f Chorioamnionitis, in pregnancy 282 Chorion 261 Chorionic villus sampling 275 Choroid 799 2665 Christmas disease 381 Chronic/episodic pain 124 Chronic illness further questions related to 43b individuals with 52 Chronic kidney disease 762, 763–764b, 763t, 764f Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 666–667, 666–667f client education in 667b client positioning 667f positioning clients with 211 Chronic pancreatitis 637–638 Chronic/persistent noncancer pain 124 Chvostek’s sign 103f, 588 Ciliary body 799 Cimetidine 649 Ciprofloxacin 789, 789b Circle of Willis 831 Circulation fetal 261, 262f near-death physiological manifestations in 240 Circulatory overload 98 in blood products administration 1010 in intravenous therapy 998–1000t Circumcision, care of, in newborn 344–345, 348 Circumflex artery 697, 697f Cirrhosis 631–632 Cisplatin 569, 569b Citrate toxicity 1011 Civil law 60b CK-MB (creatine kinase, myocardial muscle) 698 in myocardial infarction 714 Classical conditioning 926 Cleansing breath, in labor and birth 307b Clear liquid diet 140 2666 Cleft lip and palate 407f Client and family teaching discharge 81, 81b as legal safeguards 67 postpartum 327 preoperative 194–195, 195b setting priorities for 82–83 Client care, prioritizing 73–89 Client education in Addison’s disease 583 in automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) 709–710 in cardiac surgery 705b in cataract surgery 803b in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 667b in degenerative joint disease 881b, 882 in dumping syndrome 629b in guidelines during illness 594b, 1033b in halo fixation device 1054b in hearing aids 809b in hypertension 728b in myringotomy 810b in pacemakers 711b in rheumatoid arthritis 881b in self-monitoring of blood glucose level 592b in thrombophlebitis 336b in tuberculosis 673b Client history, of tuberculosis 671 Client identity, in blood products administration 1009b Client instructions for cystitis 775, 775b for kidney transplantation 774b Client needs, questions on examination and 4–6, 5t test-taking strategies 33–34, 34b Client (Patient) Self-Determination Act 67 2667 Client-focused care 74 Client’s rights/Bill of Rights 61–64, 62b, 924b Clindamycin 525 Clinical Judgment Situations 14, 36, 37b Clonazepam 858t, 859 Clonus reflex, during pregnancy 290b Clorazepate 859 Closed-ended words, elimination of options containing 34, 34b Closed fracture 872b Closed head injury 467, 468f, 838, 1047 Closed reduction, of fracture 482 Clostridium difficile, health care-associated 174 Clothing, in newborn 347–348 CLOZE item 12b Clubfoot, congenital 479–480, 479f Cluster respiration 834b Coagulation factors, assessment of 698 Coal tar 523, 523b Coarctation of aorta 450 Cochlea 807 Cochlear implantation 809 Code of Ethics for Nurses 58 Codeine 861 Codeine sulfate 127 Codependency 955 Coercive power 76b Cognitive ability, examination questions and 4, 4t, 5b Cognitive changes in early adulthood 238 in middle adulthood 238 Cognitive development, Piaget’s theory of 219–221 Cognitive disorders, pediatric 467–477 Cognitive level of functioning, assessment of 151b Cognitive therapy 926 2668 Colchicine 891–892 Cold application, on pain 125 Cold stress, in newborn 345, 345f Colitis, ulcerative 638–639, 639b Collaboration, health care team 79–80 Collar, cervical 878 Collateral circulation 711 Collective bargaining 61 Colloids 993 Colon 622 Colonization 494 Colonoscopy, fiberoptic 624, 625b Colony-stimulating factors for malignancy 572, 572b Color vision, assessment of 154 Colorectal cancer 546 metastatic 531b Colostomy 546–547 irrigation 639b Coma, myxedema 586–587, 587b Comedones 514 Comfort, positioning clients for 209 Comminuted fracture 872b Commissurotomy 719 Common bile duct 623 Communicating hydrocele 415 Communication approaches in 228, 228b in autism spectrum disorders 474 in dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease 947 disturbances, in schizophrenia 943, 943b and documentation, as integrated process subcategories 6 facilitating with hearing loss 809b guidelines for 228, 228b ineffective, in ethnic minorities 42 2669 with intellectually disabled individuals 48 in mental health nursing 921 operational definition of 921f questions about 33, 34b therapeutic and nontherapeutic techniques in 922t Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) 494 Compact bone 869 Comparable options, elimination of 34, 34b Compartment syndrome 875–876 Compatibility, in blood transfusion 1007–1008, 1007t, 1009b Compensation in acid-base balance 111 in arterial blood gases 116 defense mechanisms 923b Compensatory mechanisms, in heart failure 715–716 Competition, in conflict resolution 79 Complementary and alternative therapies, for pain 125–126, 125b Complete abortion 282b Complete assessment 148b Complete blood count 698, 906b Complete fracture 872b Complex partial seizure 840b Compound fracture 872b Compression fracture 872b Compromise, in conflict resolution 79 Compulsions 935–936 Compulsive behavior 936, 936b in schizophrenia 942 Compulsive overeating 953 Computed tomography (CT) 625 electron-beam, of cardiovascular system 701 of eye 800 of neurological system 831–832 spiral (helical) 661 2670 Computed tomography pulmonary angiography 661 Computer adaptive testing (CAT) 3 Computerized medical records, confidentiality of 66 Concrete operational stage, of cognitive development 219 Concurrent (“at the same time”) audit, in quality improvement 77 Concussion 837b Conditioning, in bone marrow transplantation 535 Conductive hearing loss 155, 808, 808f Conductivity 697 Condyloma acuminatum, in pregnancy 272, 273t, 294 Cones, ocular 799 Confidentiality 64–66, 65b in racial and ethnic minorities 42 right to 924 Conflict 78–79 Confrontation test 153–154 Congenital aganglionosis 413 Congenital clubfoot 479–480, 479f Congenital heart defects, cardiac catheterization for diagnosis of 452 Conization, for cervical cancer 540 Conjunctivae 800 Conn’s syndrome 584–585 Consciousness, in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t Consent 63–64, 63b minors and 64 for organ donation and transplantation 62 before surgery 194 types of 63b Constipation in children 415–416, 416b in irritable bowel syndrome, treatment for 652, 653b postoperative 201 in postpartum period 327 in pregnancy 268, 271 2671 Consultation, with health care team 80 Contact precautions 176 Containers, intravenous 994 Continuing care nurse 79 Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) 771 Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) 550, 551b Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 1038, 1040t Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) 1047, 1047b Contraception 261 Contraceptives 610 for newborn 367–368 oral 526 Contract law 60b Contractility 697, 705 myocardial, medications for stimulation of 739 Contraction stress test 276b Contractions in labor and birth 304 of muscle 869 Contracts, employee 59 Control, loss of in hospitalized adolescent 228 in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 227 in hospitalized school-age child 227 Control surgery, for cancer 533 Controlled substances, legal liability and 61 Controlled ventilation 1039 Controlling, as function of management 76b Contusion 837b ocular 805 pulmonary 662, 1041 Conus medullaris syndrome 1051f, 1052 Conversion defense mechanisms 923b 2672 Conversion disorder 936 Conversions, drug measurement systems 183–184, 184–185b Coordination, assessment of 165 COPD See Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Coping mechanisms 920, 923, 926 Cornea 799 assessment of 154 staining of 801 transplantation of 806 Corneal light reflex 154 Corneal reflex 834b Corneal ring 801 Coronary arteries anatomy and physiology of 697, 697f angioplasty of laser-assisted 703 percutaneous transluminal 702–703, 702f disease of 711–712, 712f stents 703 Coronary artery bypass grafting 703–705, 703f, 1045–1046 Corrosives, poisoning 419–420 Corticosteroids effects in surgical patient 197b as endocrine medication 607–608b for eye disorders 821b for increased intracranial pressure 836b for inflammatory bowel disease 652, 652b for juvenile idiopathic arthritis 481b for nephrotic syndrome 461 for poison ivy 521 as respiratory medications 679b, 680 Corticosterone 579b Cortisol 579b Cortisone 579b 2673 Corynebacterium diphtheriae 492 Cotton gauze dressing 517t Cough(ing) preoperative 195, 195b, 196f whooping 491–492 Cover test 154 CPAP See Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) CPR See Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) CPT See Chest physiotherapy (CPT) Crackles 159t Cranial nerves assessment of 153, 163–164t in function of ears 807 Craniotomy 838–839, 1048–1049 client positioning 212, 839b, 1049b nursing care following 839b, 1049b positioning after 393b Crawling, in newborn 347 Creatine kinase, in myocardial infarction 714 Creatinine, serum 758 in preeclampsia 289t Creatinine clearance test 759 Credentialing agency, for foreign-educated nurse 19 Criminal law 60b Crisis phases of 964 types of 964, 965b Crisis theory and intervention 964–977 abusive behaviors 967–968 bullying 968 child abduction 969–970 child abuse 970–971, 970b family violence 968–969, 968f grief and loss 2674 communication during 966b nurse’s role in 965 latchkey child 971 older adult, abuse of 971–972, 972b rape and sexual assault 972 suicidal behavior 965–967, 966b Critical pathway 74 Crohn’s disease 639–640 “Cross-eye,” 424 Crossmatching 1007 Croup, bacterial 431, 432f CRRT See Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) Crutch walking 876–877 Cryoprecipitates 1007 Cryosurgery, for cervical cancer 540 Cryptorchidism 462 CSF See Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Cuff endotracheal tubes 1016, 1018f tracheostomy tubes 1019b Cuffed fenestrated tube 1019b Cullen’s sign 637 Cultural assessment, in perioperative nursing care 196b Cultural competency, in mental health nursing 921 Cultural preferences 42 Culture skin/wound 509 for burn injury care 1029b urine 759 in pregnancy 274 Cushing’s disease 580, 583t, 584, 584f Cushing’s syndrome 583t, 584, 584f, 609 Cutaneous stimulation 125 CVP See Central venous pressure (CVP) 2675 Cyanosis 152b assessment in dark-skinned client 152 in newborn 342 tetralogy of Fallot and 451 Cyberbullying 968 Cyclobenzaprine 891, 891b Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inhibitor 860b Cyclophosphamide 569, 914 Cycloplegic medications 820–821, 820b Cycloserine 687–688 Cyclosporine 791, 893, 914 for dermatitis 521b for psoriasis 524 Cystectomy, for bladder cancer 552 Cystic fibrosis (CF) 438–440, 439b, 439f Cystitis 774–775, 774–775b postpartum 333 as radiation therapy side effect 390t Cystoscopy 778 of bladder 760 Cytarabine 570 Cytomegalovirus, during pregnancy 291 Cytoreductive surgery, for cancer 533 D Dabigatran etexilate 738, 738b Damage, in proof of liability 60 Dantrolene 891, 891b Dapsone 525 Daunorubicin 570 Dawn phenomenon 591 DCT See Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) De-escalation techniques 939b Death 241 2676 fetal, in utero 285 postmortem care in 241, 242b Debridement, of burn injury 1029 “Debulking” surgery, for cancer 533 Decelerations, in fetal heart rate early 308, 308f late 308, 308f variable 308, 308f Decentralization 77 Decerebrate (extensor) posturing 834 in head injury 468, 468f Decision making 76 Decompressive laminectomy 1055 Decongestants 825–826, 825b Decorticate (flexion) posturing 834 in head injury 468, 468f Deep full-thickness burn 1025, 1025f Deep tendon reflexes, assessment of 165, 165b magnesium sulfate in 363t Deep vein thrombophlebitis 720, 722b Deep vein thrombosis 212 Deep-breathing, preoperative 195, 195b Deer fly fever 177 Defamation 61 Defense mechanisms 923, 923b in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222 Deferoxamine, for iron overload 1011 Defibrillation 709 Defibrillator automated external 709 automated implantable cardioverter- 709–710 Degenerative joint disease 881b, 882 Dehiscence, wound, postoperative 202–203, 203f Dehydration 96 2677 in children 397–398, 398t in dying client 241b hypertonic 96–97 hypotonic 97 isotonic 96–97 Delavirdine 912 Delayed hypersensitivity 898 Delegation principles and guidelines of 81b process of 81–82 questions on examination associated with 34–35, 35b Delirium 250t management of 1056 withdrawal 956, 956b Delivery cesarean 313 forceps 313 Delivery systems health care 73–74 nursing 74 Delusions, in schizophrenia 943–944, 943b Dementia 250t, 946–947 Democratic leadership 75 Dendrites 831 Denial defense mechanisms 923b Denileukin diftitox 572 Dense bone 869 Dental care for preschooler 235 for toddler 234 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), genetic testing 274 Dependent personality disorder 946 Depersonalization/derealization disorder 937 Depressants, central nervous system, respiratory acidosis due to 112b 2678 Depressed fracture 872b Depression 940b in bipolar disorder 938b in older client 249, 250t postpartum 328b Depressive disorders 938–940 Dermatitis in child 373, 373b medications to treat 521, 521b Dermatological findings, in liver dysfunction 633f Descent, in labor 306b Desensitization 926 Designated donation 1007 Despair in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 227 Desquamation, dry or moist, as radiation therapy side effect 390t Detachment in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 227 Developmental age, oral medication administration and 500 Developmental dysplasia of hip 478–479, 478b, 479f Dexamethasone 363, 580, 1055 Dexmedetomidine 1056 Diabetes insipidus 582, 605, 757 Diabetes mellitus 589–590, 608 acute complications of 591–594, 592–594b, 593f, 594t care of client with undergoing surgery 596 in children 399–402, 399b, 399f sick day rules for 402b chronic complications of 594–596, 596b diet and 590 exercise and 590 gestational 283 2679 medications for 610–614, 611–612t, 612b, 612f metabolic acidosis in 114, 114b in pregnancy 282–284 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 114, 114b, 590, 593–594, 593f, 594t, 1032–1033, 1032f, 1033t in children 402 Diabetic mother, newborn of 353–354 Diabetic nephropathy 595 Diabetic neuropathy 595–596, 596b Diabetic retinopathy 594–595 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders 924 Dialysate bath 767 Dialysate solution 770–771 Dialysis hemodialysis 766–767 access for 767–769, 768f complications of 769, 770b principles of 766–767 peritoneal 770–771, 770f complications of 772 renal diet and 143, 143b Diarrhea in children 406–407 as complication, of gastrointestinal tube feedings 1014 fluid and electrolyte imbalance due to 95 in irritable bowel syndrome, treatment for 652, 653b medications to control 653, 653b metabolic acidosis due to 114b as radiation therapy side effect 390t Diarthrosis 870t Diascopy 509 Diastolic blood pressure, in preeclampsia 289t Diastolic failure 715 Diastolic pressure 123 2680 in hypertension 727 Diazepam 859, 891, 891b DIC See Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Diclofenac sodium 522, 522b DID See Dissociative identity disorder (DID) Didanosine 912 Diencephalon 830 Diet carbohydrate-consistent 142 cardiac 141, 141b for child with diabetes mellitus 400 with gastroesophageal reflux disease 410 diabetes mellitus and 590 fat-restricted 142 following bariatric surgery 630b gluten-free 143, 412, 412b high-calcium 143 high-calorie, high-protein 142 high-iron 143 high-residue, high-fiber 141 liquid clear 140 full 140 low-purine 143 low-residue, low-fiber 141 mechanical soft 140 potassium-modified 143 protein-restricted 142 renal 143, 143b sodium-restricted 141b, 142 soft 140–141 vegan and vegetarian 144 during pregnancy 276–277 2681 Diffusion 94 Digoxin 448, 740–741 Dilation of cervix, in labor and birth 309, 309t D-dimer 662 Diphtheria 492 Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) 231 Direct-acting arteriolar vasodilators 746–747, 746b Directing, as function of management 76b Disasters, in safe and effective care environment 176 Disasters and emergency response planning American Red Cross and 83–84 description of 83–86 levels of 84–85, 84b nurse’s role in 85 phases of 84 triage in 85–86, 85–86b types of 83b Discharge planning 81, 81b in mental health nursing 925 Discharge teaching in pediatric cardiac catheterization 453 postoperative 203–204, 203b Disciplinary action 59–60 Discomforts, postpartum 327, 328b Disease progression, of tuberculosis 671 Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) 892–893 Disenfranchised grief 964 Disk herniation 878–880 Disk surgery 879b Diskectomy 879b Diskectomy with fusion 879b Dislocation developmental dysplasia of hip 478b of joint 878 2682 Displacement defense mechanisms 923b Disposal, of infectious wastes 172 Dissecting aortic aneurysms 725 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as oncological emergency 555, 1030–1031 in pregnancy 284, 284b, 284f Dissociation defense mechanisms 923b Dissociative amnesia 937 2683 Dissociative disorder 937 Dissociative identity disorder (DID) 937 Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) 756 Distal splenorenal shunt, for esophageal varices 634, 1034, 1035f Distress fetal, in labor and birth 320–321 respiratory, in newborn 349 Disulfiram 957 Diuretic phase, of acute kidney injury 761, 762b Diuretics 741–742, 741–742b effects in surgical patient 197b hearing loss due to 825b metabolic alkalosis due to 114b osmotic 863–864 Divalproex sodium 858t, 859 Diverticulitis 640 Diverticulosis 640 Dix-Hallpike maneuver 156b DKA See Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) DMARDs See Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) Do not resuscitate (DNR) prescriptions 67 Dobutamine 740b, 748 Documentation do’s and don’ts of 67b of health and physical assessment findings 167 as legal safeguards 67 with use of safety devices 174, 174b Documents, needed by foreign-educated nurse 19, 19b Domestic violence screening 148 Donepezil 986 Donor of eyes 806 of heart 705 of kidney 772–773 2684 of organ 62–63 Dopamine 740b, 748 Dopaminergic medications 856–857, 857b Doppler blood flow analysis, in pregnancy 274 Dosage calculation of 187, 187b pediatric 502, 502b infusion prescribed by unit dosage per hour 188, 188b Double lumen urinary catheter 1016 Double-lumen tube, of tracheostomy 1019b Dowager’s hump 249f Down syndrome 474 Doxorubicin 570 DPI. see Dry powder inhaler (DPI) Drag and drop question 14, 15b, 27 Drainage postural, positioning clients for 211 wound 509 Drainage system, chest tube 1021–1023, 1022f Dressings materials used for 517t postoperative care of 198 types of 517t Drip chambers, in intervenous therapy 995, 995f Drop arm test 872 Drop attacks seizure 840b Droplet precautions 176 Dropping, in labor and birth 304 Drops ear, instillation of 824 eyes 820 Drug dependency 957–960, 957–958b Dry powder inhaler (DPI) 678, 679f Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry 871 2685 Dumping syndrome 629, 629b Duodenal ulcers 628b, 629 pathophysiological components of 650f Duodenum 622 Dura mater 830 Durable power of attorney 67 Duration, in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t Duty, in proof of liability 60 Dynamic exhibit and constructed response 12b, 14 Dysfunctional grief 964 Dysplasia, bronchopulmonary, in newborn 349 Dyspnea, in dying client 241b Dyspraxia, in stroke 842b Dysreflexia, autonomic 1054 manifestation of 1052b positioning clients with 212 in spinal cord injury 838b, 1056b Dysrhythmias, cardiac 705–708, 705–708f, 706–707b management of 708–710 medications for 747–748 Dystocia, in labor and birth 320 E Ear drops, instillation of 824 Ear problems 799–818 acoustic neuroma as 812 cerumen and foreign bodies in 813 external otitis 810 fenestration 811 hearing loss conductive 808, 808f facilitating communication in 809b hearing aids for 809 mixed 808–809 2686 sensorineural 808, 808f signs of 809b labyrinthitis 811 mastoiditis 810–811 medications for administration of 824–825 anti-infective 825, 825b antihistamines and decongestants for 825–826, 825b ceruminolytic 826 Meniere’s syndrome 811–812 otitis media 425–426 chronic 810, 810b otosclerosis 811 presbycusis 809–810 risk factors for 808b trauma as 812–813 Early adulthood developmental stages of 238 Erikson’s stages of development in 220b, 220t Early decelerations, in fetal heart rate 308, 308f Ears anatomy and physiology of 806–807 assessment of 155–156, 156b in newborn 342 diagnostic tests for 807–808 irrigation of 824–825, 825f Eating disorders 953–954, 954f Eating habits, examination and 22 EBCT See Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) Ebola virus disease (EVD) 178 EBUS See Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) Echocardiography 700 Eclampsia 289, 289t, 290b Economic exploitation 969b 2687 ECT See Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Ectopic pregnancy 284, 285f Eczema, in child 373, 373b Edema ankle, in pregnancy 270 of croup 432f fluid and electrolyte and 93 pulmonary with heart failure 716, 716b positioning clients with 212 respiratory acidosis due to 112b Edrophonium 855 Edrophonium chloride 856b Edrophonium (Tensilon) test 845, 855 Efavirenz 912 Ego, in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222 Egophony 160b Eighth cranial nerve 807 Electrical safety 171–172 Electrocardiography 699–700, 699b in angina 713 changes, in electrolyte imbalances 99t in coronary artery disease 712 in myocardial infarction 714 stress test 700 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 940b Electroencephalography, of neurological system 833 Electrolytes 93 See also Fluid and electrolyte balance cardiovascular testing of 698–699 components of 94b definition of 93 imbalances in, electrocardiographic changes in 99t measurement of 93 overload of intravenous therapy 998–1000t 2688 in parenteral nutrition 1003 properties of 94b Electromyography (EMG) 872 Electron 94b Electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) 701 Electronic IV infusion devices 995–996 Electronystagmography (ENG) 807–808 Electrophysiological studies 701 Elimination in dying client 241b preoperative 194 ELISA See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Emancipated minor 64 Embolectomy 726–727 Embolism air as complication, in hemodialysis 769b with intravenous therapy 998–1000t in parenteral nutrition 1004, 1005–1006t of amniotic fluid, in labor and birth 320 catheter 998–1000t fat 875, 875b pulmonary with fractures 875 postoperative 200 postpartum 335 respiratory acidosis due to 112b Embryonic period, in fetal development 260b Emergencies oncological 555–556, 1030 spinal cord injury 1052–1053 Emergency department triage 86, 86b Emergency response planning 83–86, 83–85b, 176 EMG See Electromyography (EMG) 2689 Emollients, as laxatives 653, 653b Emotional changes, postpartum 327, 328b Emotional characteristics, in schizophrenia 941 Emotional lability, pregnancy and 269 Emotional violence 969b Emotionally incompetent clients, informed consent issues with 63, 63b Emphysema 112b Employee guidelines 59 Empowerment 76 Empyema 669 Emtricitabine 912 Emtricitabine/tenofovir 912 Encephalitis 846–847 Encephalopathy, portal systemic 632 Encopresis 415–416 End-of-life care 239–241, 239b Endarterectomy, carotid artery, for stroke 841 Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) 660 Endocarditis 717–718, 718b Endocardium 696 Endocrine disorders of adrenal gland 583–586, 583–584b, 583t, 584f, 586b of pancreas 589–591, 592b of parathyroid glands 588–589 of pituitary gland 581–583, 581b risk factors of 578b of thyroid gland 586–588, 586t, 587–588b, 587f Endocrine findings, in liver dysfunction 633f Endocrine glands anatomy and physiology of 578–579, 578b pancreatic 623 Endocrine medications 605–619 androgens 609, 609b antidiuretic hormones 605 2690 antithyroid 606–607, 606b contraceptives 610 corticosteroids as 607–608b for diabetes mellitus 610–614, 611–612t, 612b, 612f parathyroid 607, 607b pituitary 605, 606b progestins 609–610, 610b thyroid hormones 606, 606b Endocrine system 578–604 anatomy and physiology of 578–579, 578–579b, 579f changes in, with aging 249 diagnostic tests of 579–581 physiological maternal changes in 268 positioning clients in 209–210 problems of 397–405 Endolymphatic hydrops 811 Endometrial cancer 542 Endorsement, interstate 19 Endoscopic injection, for esophageal varices 634, 1034 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) 624–625 Endoscopic ultrasonography, gastrointestinal 625 Endoscopic variceal ligation 634, 1034 Endoscopy capsule 623–624 upper gastrointestinal 624 Endotracheal tubes 1016, 1018f Enema for constipation and encopresis in children 415 positioning clients with 211 Enfuvirtide 913 ENG See Electronystagmography (ENG) Engagement, in labor and birth 304, 306b Engorgement, in breast 325, 326b, 327 Enoxaparin 737–738, 738b 2691 Enteral nutrition 144 Enteric-coated tablets 185 Enterocolitis, necrotizing, in newborn 350 Enucleation, ocular 805 Enuresis 461–462 Environment, for health and physical assessment 148 Environmental factors, in cancer development 387 Environmental safety 171–174, 171b, 171t Environmental temperature 120 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 286, 489t Enzymes for cancer 571, 571b liver, in preeclampsia 289t pancreatic for cystic fibrosis 440 intestinal juice 622 Epicardial pacing invasive 710–711 wires 704, 1046 Epicardium 696 Epididymitis 780 Epidural block, lumbar, for labor and birth 311 Epidural catheter 1001–1002, 1002f Epidural hematoma 837b Epiglottis 658 Epiglottitis 431–432, 432f Epinephrine 748 Episiotomy 327 in labor and birth 312–313 Episodic/follow-up assessment 148b Epispadias 462–463, 462f Epistaxis 427 Epstein-Barr virus 493 Equilibrium 807 2692 Equivalents 184b ERCP See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Ergonomic principles 209, 211b Ergot alkaloid 365–366 Erikson’s theory, of psychosocial development 219, 220b, 220t Erysipelas 511 Erythema 152b Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) 493, 493f Erythema marginatum, of rheumatic fever 454f Erythema migrans, of Lyme disease 904f Erythroblastosis fetalis, in newborn 351, 351f Erythrocyte protoporphyrin test 418 Erythromycin 525 Erythropoietic growth factors 792–793, 792b Erythropoietin, for colony-stimulating factors 572b Escharotomy, for burn injury 1028 Esophageal atresia 408–409, 409f Esophageal tube 1015 Esophageal varices 632, 634f, 1034, 1035f Esophagoduodenostomy 628 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy 624 Esophagojejunostomy 545b, 628 Esophagus 622 cancer of 544 Essential fatty acids 137 Essential hypertension 728 ESSR method, of feeding 408 Estrogens 609–610, 609b for malignancy 571b ESWL. see Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) Etanercept 893 Ethambutol 685 Ethical and legal issues 58–72, 58b advance directives 67–68 2693 client’s rights 61–63, 62b collective bargaining 61 confidentiality/information security 64–66, 65b Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and 64, 65b informed consent 63–64, 63b legal liability 60–61, 60–61b, 60f legal risk areas 61 legal safeguards 66–67, 66–67b regulation of nursing practice 59–60 reporting responsibilities 68 Ethical codes 58 Ethical reasoning 58 Ethics 58–59 codes of 58 dilemma 58 principles of 58, 58b Ethionamide 687 Ethnic groups 45 Ethnicity, in mental health nursing 921 Ethosuximide 858t, 859 Etravirine 912 Evaluation, questions on examination associated with 32–33, 32b EVD See Ebola virus disease (EVD) Event, as ingredients of question 26, 27b Event query as ingredients of question 26, 27b positive and negative 29, 29–30b Evidence-based practice 77, 77t Evisceration, wound, postoperative 202–203, 203b, 203f Ewald tube 1015 Exam results, NCLEX-RN® examination and 25 Exanthema subitum 490, 490f Excisional biopsy 532 Exenatide 613 2694 Exenteration ocular 805 pelvic 541, 541b Exercise challenges, in asthma 436b diabetes mellitus and 590 in children 400 preoperative 195, 195b Exercise electrocardiography testing (stress test) 700 Exhibit questions 9, 10b, 27 Exocrine gland 623 dysfunction in cystic fibrosis 438, 439f Exophthalmos 587f Expectorants and mucolytic agents 682 Expert power 76b Expulsion, in labor 306b Extension, in labor 306b Extensor posturing 834 in head injury 468, 468f External beam radiation 534, 534b External disasters 176 External ear 806 External fixation, of fracture 873, 873f External jugular vein, in dehydration, pediatric 398t External otitis 810 External rotation, in labor 306b External version, in fetus 312 Extracellular compartment 93 Extracellular fluid 94f buffer systems in 110–111 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 349 Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) 778–779 Extraocular muscle, assessment of 154, 154f Extremities 2695 assessment of, in newborn 343–344 lower amputation of, positioning clients for 211–212 peripheral sites in 996, 996f Extubation, of endotracheal tubes 1018 Exudative macular degeneration 804 Eye(s) anatomy and physiology of 799–800 assessment of 153–155, 154b, 154f of newborn 342 diagnostic tests for 800–801 donation of 806 irritation of, with chronic kidney disease 766 muscles of 800 prophylaxis of, for newborn 367 Eye problems 799–818 cataracts as 802, 802f, 803b chemical burns 805–806, 805b contusions 805 donation in 806 enucleation and exenteration 805 foreign bodies 805 glaucoma 802–803 hyphema 805 legal blindness 801 macular degeneration 804 medications for 819–828 ocular melanoma 804–805 pediatric 424–430 conjunctivitis 424–425 strabismus 424 penetrating objects 805 refractive errors 801 retinal detachment 803–804, 804f 2696 risk factors for 801b F Face assessment of 152 changes, in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders 353, 353f Face tent 1038 for oxygen delivery system 433t Facial expression, in mental status exam 151 Facial nerve 163–164t Facial paralysis 846 Failure of examination, candidate performance report following 19 Falling test, in vestibular assessment 156b Fallopian tubes 258 Falls, prevention of 172, 173b False imprisonment 61, 924 False labor 306, 306b False pelvis 258 Family, as extension of mental health client 921 Family history 148 Family planning 261–262 Family therapy 927 Family violence 968–969, 968f Famotidine 651 Fantasy defense mechanisms 923b Farsightedness 801 Fasciotomy, for burn injury 1028–1029 FASDs See Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) Fasting blood glucose 131 Fat, metabolic acidosis due to high intake of 114b Fat embolism 875, 875b Fat emulsion, in parenteral nutrition 1003, 1003b Fat-soluble vitamins 137, 138b Fatigue 2697 in dying client 241b with leukemia, pediatric 387–388 in pregnancy 270 with rheumatoid arthritis 881 Fats diet for restriction of 142 nutrition and 137 Fear associated with dying 241b of injury, pain and in hospitalized adolescent 228 in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 227 in hospitalized school-age child 227 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 84, 84b Feeding in newborn 347 in pediatric patient with cleft lip and palate 408 ESSR method of 408 Feet, peripheral sites in 996, 996f FEMA See Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Female genitalia, assessment of 165–166 in newborn 343 Female reproductive system family planning 261–262 fertilization and implantation 259–260 fetal circulation 261, 262f fetal development 260, 260b fetal environment 260–261 infertility 261–262 menstrual cycle 258, 259b pelvis and measurements 258–259 structures of 258 2698 Female-to-male (FTM) 46 Femoral catheter 767, 1001f Femoral thrombophlebitis 336b Fencing, in newborn 346 Fenestrated tube, of tracheostomy 1019b Fentanyl 363 Fern test 275 Fertility medications 368–369, 368b Fertilization 259 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) 353, 353f Fetal circulation 261, 262f Fetal circulation bypass 261, 262f Fetal death in utero 285 Fetal demise, intrauterine, in labor and birth 321 Fetal distress, in labor and birth 320–321 Fetal heart rate (FHR) 261 fetal distress and 320 monitoring, in labor and birth 307–309 nonreassuring during oxytocin infusion 365b patterns of 309, 309b variability in 307b Fetal lie 304, 305f Fetal movement counting 275 Fetal period, in fetal development 260b Fetal presentation 304, 305b, 305f α-Fetoprotein screening 274 Fetor hepaticus 632 Fetus biophysical profile of 274 development of 260, 260b environment of 260–261 external version in 312 monitoring, in labor and birth 307–309, 307b, 308f 2699 position of 304, 305b, 305f relationship with, in pregnancy 269 Fever in children 397 deer fly 177 hemorrhagic 178 rabbit 177 respiratory alkalosis due to 113b in rheumatic fever 454, 454f Rocky Mountain spotted 494 in roseola 490 scarlet 492–493, 493f FHR See Fetal heart rate (FHR) Fiber, in high-residue, high-fiber diet 141 Fiberoptic colonoscopy 624, 625b Fibrillation atrial 706, 706f ventricular 707–708, 708f Fibroblastic phase, of wound healing 508 Fibronectin test, in pregnancy 275 Fidelity, ethical 58b Fifth disease 493, 493f Figure questions 9, 10b Fill-in-the-blank questions 8, 8b, 27 Filters in intravenous therapy 995 vena cava 727, 727f Filtration 95 Financial status, further questions based on 43b Fire extinguishers 171t Fire safety 171, 171t First-line medications, for tuberculosis 683–685, 683b Fistula arteriovenous, for hemodialysis 768–769, 768f 2700 trachea-innominate artery 1020–1021t tracheoesophageal 408–409, 409f, 1020–1021t Fixation, of fracture 873 external 873, 873f internal 873, 873f Fixation defense mechanisms 923b Flaccid posturing 834 Flail chest 662, 1041 Flatulence, in pregnancy 268 Flexion, in labor 306b Flexor posturing 834 in head injury 468, 468f Floating 59 Flow rates 187–188, 188b Flu shots 688 Flu vaccine 495 Fludrocortisone acetate 607 Fluid and electrolyte balance 93–109 in cardiac surgical unit postoperative interventions 704, 1046 concepts of 93, 94b, 94f, 96f description of 96 fluid volume deficit in 96–98, 97t fluid volume excess in 97t, 98 in hypercalcemia 102–103, 103t in hyperkalemia 99–100, 99t, 100b in hypermagnesemia 104t in hypernatremia 101–102, 101t in hyperphosphatemia 105 in hypocalcemia 102, 103f, 103t in hypokalemia 98–99, 99t in hypomagnesemia 103–104, 104t in hyponatremia 100–101, 101t in hypophosphatemia 104–105 in liver dysfunction 633f 2701 maintaining 96, 97t postoperative 198 Fluid overload, see also Circulatory overload 98 Fluid volume deficit 96–98, 97t Fluid volume excess 97t, 98 Fluoride supplementation, for infant 233 Fluoroquinolones adverse effects of 915–916t as renal medications 788–789, 789b Fluorouracil 522, 522b Flutter mucus clearance device 439 Foam dressing 517t Focused assessment 148b Folate deficiency anemia 557–558 Folic acid supplements, in pregnancy 276 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), in menstrual cycle 258 Folliculitis 510 Fontanels 341, 341t Food gas-forming 141, 141b high-fiber 416b for hypoglycemia 402b for infant 233 iron-rich 138b nutrients in 138b sodium in 101 Foot boots, for proper positioning 213b Foot care, preventive 595, 596b Forceps delivery, in labor and birth 313 Foreign bodies aspiration, in children 441, 441f in ears 813 ocular 805 Foreign-educated nurse 2702 credentialing agency for 19 documents needed by 19 licensure requirements for 19 National Council of State Boards of Nursing and 19 visa for 19 Formal operations, of cognitive development 221 Formal organizations 76–77 Formula feeding, of newborn 347 Forward failure, of heart 715 Forward side-lying position 210f Fosamprenavir 912 Fosfomycin 788, 789b Fosphenytoin 858 Foster children, care for 49–50, 50b Foundation, of pathways to success 20–23 Fowler’s position 209 high 211 semi 209 Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), in mechanical ventilation 1040t Fractures 872–874, 872b casts for 875 in children 482–483, 482b complications of 875–876, 875b fixation of 873, 873f initial care of 872–873 reduction of 873 traction for 873, 874f types of 872b Fraud 61 Fremitus, tactile and vocal 157 Fresh-frozen plasma 1007 Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 221–222, 222–223b Friedman curve 309, 310f Frontal lobe 831b 2703 Frontline manager 76 Frostbite 512 Full liquid diet 140 Full-thickness burn 1024–1025, 1024f deep 1025, 1025f Functional nursing 74 Fundal height, physiological maternal changes in 325, 326f Fundal massage, for uterine atony 334f Furuncles 510 Fusiform aortic aneurysms 725 Fusion inhibitors 913 G Gag reflex 157, 834b Gait belt 172 Gaits, crutch 876, 876t Galantamine 986 Galeazzi sign 478 Gallbladder anatomy and physiology of 623 inflammation of 630 surgical removal of 631 Gallstones 630 Gas-forming foods 141, 141b Gastrectomy 628 subtotal 545b Gastric analysis 624 Gastric cancer 544–545 Gastric protectants 649 Gastric resection 628 Gastric tube 1015 Gastric ulcers 627–629, 628b pathophysiological components of 650f Gastrin 622 2704 Gastritis 627, 627b Gastroduodenostomy 545b, 628, 628f Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) 626–627 in children 409–410 positioning clients with 210 Gastrointestinal (GI) findings, in liver dysfunction 633f Gastrointestinal medications 649–656 antacids 649, 650f, 650t antiemetics 652, 653b bile acid sequestrants 651, 651b to control diarrhea 653, 653b gastric protectants 649 for Helicobacter pylori infection 651, 651b for hepatic encephalopathy 651–652 histamine (H2)-receptor antagonists 649–651 for inflammatory bowel disease 652, 652b for irritable bowel syndrome 652, 653b laxatives 652–653, 653b pancreatic enzyme replacements as 652 prokinetic agent 651 proton pump inhibitors 651, 651b Gastrointestinal problems See also Gastrointestinal system abdominal wall defects 414–415 appendicitis 412–413 celiac disease 411–412 cleft lip and cleft palate 407–408, 407f constipation and encopresis 415, 416b diarrhea 406–407 esophageal atresia 408–409, 409f gastroesophageal reflux disease 409–410 hepatitis 417–418, 417b Hirschsprung’s disease 413–414, 413f hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 410–411, 410f imperforate anus 416–417, 416b 2705 intestinal parasites 420 intussusception 414, 414f irritable bowel syndrome 416 lactose intolerance 411 poison, ingestion of 418–420, 418b, 419t tracheoesophageal fistula 408–409, 409f umbilical hernia 415 vomiting 406 Gastrointestinal system 622–648 acidosis manifestations in 113t alkalosis manifestations in 113t anaphylaxis manifestations in 901f anatomy and physiology of 622–623, 622b anthrax transmission and symptoms in 177b assessment of, in newborn 343, 345 bleeding in, with chronic kidney disease 764 changes in, with aging 249 chronic kidney disease manifestation in 763b cystic fibrosis in 438 disorders of appendicitis 640 bariatric surgery for 629, 630b, 630f cirrhosis 631–632 Crohn’s disease 639–640 diagnostic procedures in 623–626, 623b, 625b diverticulosis and diverticulitis 640–641 dumping syndrome 629, 629b esophageal varices 632–634, 634f, 1034, 1035f gastritis 627, 627b gastroesophageal reflux disease 626 hemorrhoids 641 hepatitis 634, 635b, 637b hiatal hernia 630 irritable bowel syndrome 638 2706 pancreatitis 636–638 peptic ulcer disease 627–629, 628b, 628f risk factors of 622b ulcerative colitis 638–639, 639b vitamin B12 deficiency 629 fluid volume deficit and excess findings in 97t hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia findings in 103t hypokalemia and hyperkalemia findings in 99t hyponatremia and hypernatremia findings in 101t interventions in spinal cord injury 1053 physiological maternal changes in 268 positioning clients in 210–211, 211b postoperative care of 199 Gastrointestinal tract physiological maternal changes of, in postpartum period 326 radiation therapy side effect in 390t Gastrointestinal tube feedings 1012–1014 Gastrojejunostomy 545b, 628, 628f Gastrostomy tube administering medications via 1014b for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula 409 Gauges, intravenous 993–994 Gauze dressing, cotton 517t Gaze, six cardinal positions of 154, 154f Gaze nystagmus evaluation 156b Gemfibrozil 749 Gender, further questions based on 43b General anesthesia, for labor and birth 311 General background questions, for special populations needs 43b Generalized anxiety disorder 934, 934b Generalized edema 93 Generalized seizures 840b Generic name 184 Genetic predisposition, in cancer development 532 2707 Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV-2), in pregnancy 272, 273t Genital stage, of psychosexual development 223b Genitals, assessment of, in newborn 343 Genitourinary system, changes in older clients 172b Gerontology 248 Gestation, multiple 291 Gestational diabetes mellitus 283 Gestational hypertension, in pregnancy 288 GFR See Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Giardiasis, in children 420 GLAAD Media Reference Guide: Transgender 46 Glasgow Coma Scale 835, 835b Glaucoma 802–803 medications for 822–823, 822b tonometry for diagnosis of 801 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 759, 763t Glomerulonephritis 459–460, 459–460b, 776 Glomerulus 756 Glossopharyngeal nerve 163–164t Gloves, in standard precautions 175 Glucagon 614 Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists 613 Glucocorticoids 579b, 893 as endocrine medication 608–609, 608b as respiratory medications 679b, 680 topical 521–523 Glucose, blood cardiovascular testing of 699 in diabetes mellitus, pediatric 400 in diabetic ketoacidosis 402 in hyperglycemia, pediatric 401 in hypoglycemia, pediatric 401 in newborn, with hypoglycemia 354 Glucose challenge test, in pregnancy 274 2708 Gluteal folds, asymmetry of, in developmental dysplasia of hip 478 Gluten-free diet 143, 412, 412b Glycosides, cardiac 740–741 Glycosuria, in pregnancy 274 Glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1C) 131, 131t diagnostic testing of 580 Gold salts 892 Gonorrhea, in pregnancy 272, 273t, 294 Good Samaritan laws 61 Goodell’s sign 266 Goodpasture’s syndrome 904 Gout 883–884 medications for 891–892 Gowns, in standard precautions 175 Grading, of cancers 531, 532b Graduate’s perspective, NCLEX-RN® examination from 24–25 Graft(ing) arterial vascular, positioning clients in 212 arteriovenous, for hemodialysis 768f, 769 coronary artery bypass 703–705, 703f, 1045–1046 skin, positioning clients with 209 Graft rejection of donor eye 806, 806f of donor kidney 774, 774b Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 572b Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 572b Granulocytes 1007 Granulomatous inflammation 671 Graphic item option questions 9, 11b Grasp, palmar-plantar, in newborn 346 Gravida 266 Gravidity 266 Greenstick fracture 872b Grief 964, 965b 2709 in children 965b in older client 250 Group A β-hemolytic streptococci 492 Group B Streptococcus (GBS), during pregnancy 291 Group development and group therapy 926–927 Group of clients, prioritizing when caring for 83, 83b Growth, of bone 869 Growth and development characteristics of stages of in adolescent 237–238, 237b in early adulthood 238 in infant 232–234, 232–233b in later adulthood 239 in middle adulthood 238–239 in preschooler 235–236, 235b in school-age child 236, 237b in toddler 234–235, 234b stages of 226–247 characteristics of 232–239 communication approaches in 228, 228b end-of-life care in 239–241, 239b in hospitalized adolescent 227–228 in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 226–227 in hospitalized school-age child 227 theories of 219–225 Erikson’s theory, of psychosocial development 219, 220b, 220t Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 221–222, 222–223b Kohlberg’s theory, of moral development 221, 221b Piaget’s theory, of cognitive development 219–221 Growth hormones, as endocrine medication 605, 606b Guillain-Barré syndrome 846 Gums 157 Guns, safety in, for preschooler 236 2710 Gynecoid pelvis 258 H H1 blockers 681 HAART See Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) Habitual abortion 282b Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) 470 Haemophilus vaginalis 295 Hair assessment of 151–152 loss of, as radiation therapy side effect 390t pediculosis capitis in 374 Hallucinations, in schizophrenia 943b, 944 Hallucinogens 958–959 intoxication 958b Halo traction 1054 Haloperidol 1056 Hand hygiene, in standard precautions 175 Hand rolls, for proper positioning 213b Hand washing, in standard precautions 175 Hand-wrist splints, for proper positioning 213b Hands assessment of arteries in 161b peripheral sites in 996, 996f Harassment, sexual 68 Hard palates 157 Harlequin sign 342 Harness, Pavlik 478, 479f Harvesting, in bone marrow transplantation 535 HBsAG See Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) HDAg See Hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) Head assessment of 152 of newborn 341, 341f, 341t 2711 lice in 374 Head circumference of infant 232 of newborn 341 of toddler 234 Head halter traction 874f Head injury, in children 467–469, 468f Head lag, of newborn 341 Headaches, in pregnancy 270–271 Healing of bone 870, 870f wound complications of 203f by intention 508–509 phases of 508–509 Health care considerations for battered individuals 49 for foster children 50 for homeless 47 for immigrants and refugees 52 for individuals with chronic illness 52 for individuals with mental illness 50–51 for intellectually disabled individuals 49 for LGBTQ population 46–47 for military veterans 51 for prisoners 51 for racial and ethnic minorities 45 for single parents 49 for socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and families 48 for victims of abuse or neglect 49 Health care delivery systems 73–74 Health care provider (HCP), roles of 79 Health care provider (HCP) assistant, roles of 79 Health care team 2712 collaboration among 79–80 consultation with 80 roles of 79 Health care workers, body mechanics for 211b Health care-associated (nosocomial) infections 174–175 Health history 148 Health insurance coverage, further questions based on 43b Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) 64 Health promotion and maintenance in antineoplastic medications administration 568 questions on examination associated with 4, 5t, 6b, 33–34 Hearing 807 assessment of 155–156 Hearing aids 809, 809b Hearing loss 155 cochlear implantation 809 conductive 808, 808f facilitating communication in 809b hearing aids for 809 mixed 808–809 presbycusis 809–810 sensorineural 808, 808f signs of 809b Heart anatomy and physiology of 696 assessment of 159–160, 160f, 161b changes in, during pregnancy 267, 268f transplantation of 705 Heart chambers 696 Heart failure (HF) 715–716, 716b, 716t in children 447–449, 448b positioning clients with 212 Heart rate 697 in Apgar scoring 341t 2713 apical of adolescent 237b of newborn and infant 232b of preschooler 235b of school-age child 237b of toddler 234b fetal 261 monitoring, in labor and birth 307–309 nonreassuring, patterns of 309, 309b variability in 307, 307b in newborn 340 6-second strip method for 706b Heart sounds 160, 697 Heartburn, in pregnancy 268, 270 Heat application, on pain 125 Heat loss, in newborn 346–347 Heavy metals, potentially nephrotoxic 761b Heel-to-shin test 165 Hegar’s sign 266 Height changes in, with aging 248, 249f of infant 232 of preschooler 235 of school-age child 236 of toddler 234 Helicobacter pylori gastric cancer associated with 532 infection, medications for 651, 651b HELLP syndrome 287 Hematocrit 130, 130t burn injury and 1026 levels of, in antepartum diagnostic testing 273 Hematological disorders 531–566 See also Oncological disorders anemia 556–557 2714 bone marrow transplantation for 535 leukemia 387–389 lymphoma 538 multiple myeloma 538–539 pediatric 380–386 aplastic anemia 383 hemophilia 381–382 iron deficiency anemia 383 sickle cell anemia 380–381, 381b, 381f β-thalassemia major 382–383, 382b von Willebrand’s disease 382 Hematological findings, in liver dysfunction 633f Hematological medications 567–576 Hematological system, changes in, with aging 248–249 Hematoma cerebral 838, 1047–1048 as complication, in intravenous therapy 998–1000t epidural 837b postpartum 333, 334f in pregnancy 285–286, 285b subdural 837b Hematopoietic growth factors 792–793, 792b Hemianopsia, in stroke 842b, 843 Hemicanes 877 Hemodialysis 766–767 access for 767–769, 768f complications of 769, 770b principles of 766–767 Hemodynamic monitoring 1043, 1044f, 1057 Hemoglobin 130, 130t levels of, in antepartum diagnostic testing 273 Hemoglobin system, in acid-base balance 110 Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 461, 461b Hemophilia 381–382 2715 Hemorrhage intracerebral 837b intraventricular, in newborn 350 postoperative 200 postpartum 333–334, 334b medications used to 365–366, 365b subarachnoid 837b Hemorrhagic fever 178 Hemorrhoidectomy 210 Hemorrhoids 641 in pregnancy 268, 271 HepA See Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) Heparin, in parenteral nutrition 1004 Heparin sodium 737, 738b Hepatic ducts 623 Hepatic encephalopathy, medications for 651–652 Hepatic system, assessment of, in newborn 344 Hepatitis 634, 635b in children 417–418, 417b home care instructions 637b Hepatitis A 634–635 in children 417 Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) 231 Hepatitis B 635–636 in children 417 in pregnancy 285 pregnancy and 273–274 Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) 635 testing 906b Hepatitis B vaccine 230, 274 for newborn 367 Hepatitis C 636 in children 417 transmission by blood transfusion 1011 2716 Hepatitis D 636 in children 417 Hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) 636 Hepatitis E 636 in children 417 Hepatorenal syndrome 632 Herbal substances, effects in surgical patient 197b Hernia hiatal 630 intervertebral disk 878–880 umbilical 415 Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 510 in pregnancy 273t, 291 Herpes zoster (shingles) 510 HESI/Saunders Online Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination 2 Heterograft, for burn injury care 1029b HHS See Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) Hiatal hernia 630 Hickman catheter 1001f High-calcium diet 143 High-calorie, high-protein diet 142 High-fat diet, metabolic acidosis due to high intake of 114b High-fiber (high-residue) diet 141, 141b High-fiber foods 416b High Fowler’s position 211 High-iron diet 143 High-output failure, of heart 715 High-risk conditions, for sudden infant death syndrome 441 Highlighting items 14, 16b Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 912 Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) 698 Hinduism, end-of-life care and 239b Hip developmental dysplasia of 478–479, 478b, 479f 2717 fractured 877–878 replacement of, positioning clients for 213 HIPAA See Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Hirschsprung’s disease 413–414, 413f Hispanics/Latino end-of-life care in 239b risk factors in 43–45 Histamine (H2)-receptor antagonists 649–651 Histamine antagonists 681 Histoplasmosis 670 Histrionic personality disorder 945 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors 748–749, 749b Hodgkin’s disease 538 in children 389–390, 389f, 390t Hoffman II 873f Holter monitoring 700 Home care instructions after cardiac surgery 453b for asthma 438 for cardiac surgery 1047b cystic fibrosis 440 digoxin administration in children 449b for hepatitis 637b in neural tube defects 473 in parenteral nutrition 1006b Homeless individuals, care for 47, 48b Homeostasis of acidity 757 fluid and electrolyte and 93 of potassium 757 of sodium 757 of water 756–757 Homocysteine 698 Homograft, for burn injury care 1029b 2718 Homonymous hemianopsia, in stroke 842b, 843 Horizontal lie, in labor and birth 304, 305f Hormonal medications for acne vulgaris 524b, 526 for cancer 571, 571b Hormones, ovarian 258 Horns, of spinal cord 830 Hospice care 239–240 Hospital staffing 59 Hospital-acquired infections 174 Hospitalization client’s rights during 62b developmental stages in of adolescent 227–228 of infant and toddler 226 of preschooler 226–227 of school-age child 227 Hospitalized client, with tuberculosis 672–673 Hot spot questions 9 enhanced 14, 14b 24-hour urine collection 758 Household systems 183, 184b hsCRP See Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) HSV See Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in children 487, 488b, 488f life cycle of 905f medications for 912–913, 913b mother with, newborn of 353–354 in pregnancy 272, 273t, 286–287 progression of, tests for 906b testing 898–899 Human papillomavirus during pregnancy 273t, 294 2719 vaccine 232 Humoral response 898 Hunchback 162b Hydantoins 858 Hydatidiform mole, in pregnancy 287 Hydrocele communicating 415 noncommunicating 415 Hydrocephalus 469–470, 470f Hydrochloric acid 622 Hydrocodone/homatropine 862 Hydrocolloidal dressing 517t Hydrogel dressing 517t Hydrogen ions 110 concentration in blood regulatory systems for 110–111, 111–112f in respiratory acidosis 111 in respiratory alkalosis 112–113 Hydromorphone 127, 861 Hydromorphone hydrochloride 363 Hydronephrosis 777, 777f Hydrostatic pressure 95 Hydrotherapy, for burn injury 1029 Hydroxychloroquine 893 Hygiene care, depression and 940b Hyperaldosteronism 114b primary 584–585 Hyperbilirubinemia, in newborn 350–351 Hypercalcemia 102–103, 103t cardiac changes with 699 electrocardiographic changes in 99t as oncological emergencies 555–556, 1031 Hypercortisolism 584, 584f Hypercyanotic spell 451, 451b 2720 Hyperemesis gravidarum, in pregnancy 287 Hyperglycemia 589, 605 as complication of parenteral nutrition 1004, 1005–1006t in diabetic child 401, 402b Hyperhemolytic crisis 381b Hyperkalemia 99–100, 99t, 100b cardiac changes with 699 with chronic kidney disease 764, 764f as complication of blood transfusion 1011 electrocardiographic changes in 99t potassium-modified diet for 143 Hyperlipidemia 447 Hypermagnesemia 104t with chronic kidney disease 764–765 electrocardiographic changes in 99t Hypernatremia 101–102, 101t Hyperopia 801 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) 594, 594t, 1033–1034, 1033t Hyperosmotic agent, for increased intracranial pressure 836b Hyperparathyroidism 589 Hyperphosphatemia 105 with chronic kidney disease 765 Hyperpituitarism 581 Hyperplasia 780–781, 781f Hypersensitivity 900 delayed 898 Hypertension 727–728, 728b with chronic kidney disease 765 classifications of 123, 123b gestational, in pregnancy 288 medications for 741–742, 741–742b portal 631 Hypertensive crisis 729 Hypertensive disorders, of pregnancy 287–290, 288t 2721 Hyperthermia 837 Hyperthyroidism 580, 586t, 587, 587f, 606 Hypertonic contractions, during oxytocin infusion 365, 365b Hypertonic dehydration 96–97 Hypertonic overhydration 98 Hypertonic solutions 95, 993, 994t Hypertonic uterine activity, in fetal heart rate 308–309 Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 410–411, 410f Hypertrophy, benign prostatic 780–781, 781f Hyperventilation neurogenic 834b respiratory alkalosis due to 113b Hypervolemia 98 with chronic kidney disease 765 as complication of parenteral nutrition 1004, 1005–1006t Hyphema 805 Hypocalcemia 102, 103t cardiac changes with 699 with chronic kidney disease 765 as complication of blood transfusion 1011 electrocardiographic changes in 99t test for 103f Hypoglossal nerve 163–164t Hypoglycemia 591–593, 592–593b as complication of parenteral nutrition 1004, 1005–1006t in diabetes mellitus, in children 401, 401b food items for treatment of 402b in newborn 354 Hypoglycemic medications, oral 590 Hypokalemia 98–99, 99t cardiac changes with 698 electrocardiographic changes in 99t Hypomagnesemia 103–104, 104t electrocardiographic changes in 99t 2722 Hyponatremia 100–101, 101t Hypoparathyroidism 588 Hypophosphatemia 104–105 Hypophysectomy 581–582 positioning clients in 209 Hypopituitarism 581 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 451–452 Hypospadias 462–463, 462f Hypotension in cardiogenic shock 1043 postural (orthostatic) 704, 1046 supine, in labor and birth 318–319 Hypothalamus 830 anatomy and physiology of 578 hormones of 578b Hypothyroidism 580, 586, 586t, 606 in newborn 354 Hypotonic dehydration 97 Hypotonic overhydration 98 Hypotonic solutions 95, 993, 994t Hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis due to 112b Hypovolemia 96 with chronic kidney disease 765 Hypovolemic shock 1056 Hypoxemia in newborn 344 postoperative 200 Hypoxia respiratory alkalosis due to 113b tetralogy of Fallot 451 Hysterectomy 541 Hysteria, respiratory alkalosis due to 113b I 2723 IBS See Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) ICP See Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) Icteric stage, of hepatitis 635b Id, in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222 Identification (ID) client, in blood products administration 1009b needed for taking examination 16 of newborn 347 Identification defense mechanisms 923b Idiopathic pain 124 Idiopathic scoliosis 480 Ileal conduit 552, 554b Ileocecal valve 623 Ileostomy 546–547 permanent, total proctocolectomy with 639 Ileum 622 Ileus, postoperative paralytic 201 Illness, temperature and 121 Illusions, in schizophrenia 943 Iminostilbenes 859 Imiquimod 5% cream 522, 522b Immediate postoperative period 197 Immigrants, care for 51–52 Immigration, further questions related to 43b Immune globulin hepatitis A 635 hepatitis B 636 Immune medications 912–918 Immune system assessment of, in newborn 344–345 changes in, with aging 249 disturbances, in liver dysfunction 633f functions of 898, 899f immune response 898 2724 laboratory testing in 898–900, 901f T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in 898 Immune system disorders 898–911 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 904–905, 905f, 906b in children 487, 488b, 488f anaphylaxis 900, 900b, 901f autoimmune disease 902–904 pemphigus 903–904 polyarteritis nodosa 903 scleroderma 903 systemic lupus erythematosus 902–903 systemic sclerosis 903 components of 488f Goodpasture’s syndrome 904 hypersensitivity and allergy 900 immunodeficiency syndrome 904–906 Kaposi’s sarcoma 905–906 latex allergy as 900–902, 901–902b, 901f Lyme disease 904, 904f medications for 912–918 posttransplantation immunodeficiency 906 Immunity acquired 898 innate 898 Immunizations/vaccines 229–230, 229b childhood and adolescent 230–232, 231b consent for 63b contraindications and precautions 230 guidelines for administration 230, 230b Immunodeficiency 904–906 posttransplantation 906 Immunoglobulin for hepatitis, in children 417 quantitative 906b 2725 Immunological medications antibiotics as 914, 915b, 915–916t human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 912– 913, 913b immunosuppressants 913–914, 914b Immunomodulators 572, 572b for inflammatory bowel disease 652, 652b Immunosuppressants 913–914, 914b for dermatitis 521, 521b for inflammatory bowel disease 652b for nephrotic syndrome 461 ophthalmic 821b posttransplant immunodeficiency due to 906 Impacted fracture 872b Impaired nurse, reporting of 68 Imperforate anus 416–417, 416b Impetigo, in child 373–374, 374f Implantable port, for intravenous therapy 1001, 1001f Implantation 259 Implementation, questions on examination associated with 31–32, 32b Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) 231, 488 Incarcerated hernia 415 Incarceration, further questions related to 43b Incentive spirometry 195, 665b Incision for kidney transplantation 773f postoperative care of 198 preoperative splinting of 195, 196f Incisional biopsy 532 Incompetent cervix, in pregnancy 290 Incomplete abortion 282b Incomplete fracture 872b Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) 832, 835–836, 836b, 862 in leukemia, pediatric 387, 388b 2726 medications for 1050b positioning clients in 213 Incus 807 Indiana pouch 552 Indinavir 912 Indomethacin 449 Induced abortion 282b Induction, in labor and birth 312 Inevitable abortion 282b Infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for 355 choking 355, 355b, 355f developmental considerations for administering medications to 504b eczema in 373b growth and development of characteristics of 232–234 communication approaches in 228 Erikson’s theory of 220b, 220t Freud’s theory of 223b hospitalized 226 Kohlberg’s theory of 221b skills of 233b vital signs of 232b HIV and 286 increased intracranial pressure in 388b nutrition and 139b Infarction, myocardial 713–715, 714b Infection of amniotic cavity 282 at central venous catheter site 1004b with chronic kidney disease 765 as complication of parenteral nutrition 1004, 1005–1006t with fractures 876 health care-associated (nosocomial) 174–175 2727 as intravenous therapy complications 998–1000t with leukemia, pediatric 387, 388b in older client 250, 251b opportunistic, in pediatric, HIV/AIDS 487 postpartum 334–335 in pregnancy 290–291 sepsis 352 sexually transmitted, pregnancy and 272–273, 273t, 293–295 standard precautions for prevention of 175 TORCH, in newborn 352 transmission-based precautions for prevention of 175–176 urinary tract 774–775, 774–775b in pregnancy 295–296 West Nile virus 847 wound 201–202, 202b Infectious and communicable diseases 487–499 care of child with HIV and AIDS 487–489 chickenpox (varicella) 491, 491f community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) 494 diphtheria 492 erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) 493, 493f infectious mononucleosis 493–494 influenza 495 mumps 491 pertussis (whooping cough) 491–492 poliomyelitis 492 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 494 roseola (exanthema subitum) 490, 490f rubella (German measles) 490–491, 490f rubeola (measles) 489–490, 490f scarlet fever 492–493, 493f Infectious hepatitis 634 Infectious mononucleosis 493–494 Infectious wastes, disposal of 172 2728 Infective endocarditis 718b Infertility 261–262 Infiltration, prevention and intervention for 998–1000t Inflammation assessment in dark-skinned client 152 in wound healing 508 Inflammatory bowel disease, medications for 652, 652b Inflammatory diseases of the heart 717–718, 718b Infliximab 893 Influenza 668 in children 495 medications for 688–690, 689t vaccine 231 Information bracelets, of newborn 347 Information security 64–66, 65b Information technology, security and 66 Informational power 76b Informed consent 62–64, 63b before surgery 194 Infusions, prescribed by unit dosage per hour 188, 188b Infusion pumps, for blood products administration 1008 Infusion time 188b Ingenol mebutate 522, 522b Inguinal hernia 415 Inhalants 959 intoxication 959b Inhalation anthrax transmission and symptoms 177b injury due to 1025–1026 Inhalation devices medication 678 respiratory 679f Inhaled nonsteroidal antiallergy agent 679b, 680 Injectable medications, in powder form 187, 187b 2729 Injection angles of 185, 186f endoscopic, for esophageal varices 634, 1034 for parenteral medication 185, 500 Injection site, for pediatric parenteral medication administration 500, 502f, 502t Injury fear of, pain and in hospitalized adolescent 228 in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 227 in hospitalized school-age child 227 to health care worker, prevention of 173, 173b musculoskeletal 872 in proof of liability 60 spinal cord, positioning clients with 213 Innate immunity 898 Inner ear 807 Inotropic and cardiotonic medications 739–740, 740b, 740f INR See International normalized ratio (INR) Insensible loss 96 Insomnia, with chronic kidney disease 763 Inspection 151 of abdomen 161 of breast 161 of chest in lung assessment 157 Institutional policies 59 Insulation defense mechanisms 923b Insulin/insulin therapy 590 administration of 591 complications of 590–591 deficiency of, in diabetes mellitus 400 effects in surgical patient 197b injection sites for 612–613, 612f medications for 610 2730 in parenteral nutrition 1004 storing for 612b time activity of 612t Insulin lipodystrophy 590–591 Insulin pumps 591 Insulin syringe 186–187, 187f Insurance, liability 60–61 Integrase inhibitor 913 Integrated process 6, 7b Integumentary disorders 508–520 acne vulgaris 514 actinic keratoses 512 bites and stings 511–512 Candida albicans 509–510 cellulitis 511 erysipelas 511 frostbite 512 herpes zoster (shingles) 510 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 510–511 pediatric 373–379 burn injuries 376, 376b eczema (atopic dermatitis) 373, 373b impetigo 373–374, 374f pediculosis capitis (lice) 374–375, 375b scabies 375–376, 375b, 375f poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac 511 pressure injury 515, 516b psoriasis 513–514 psychosocial impact of 508 risk factors for 508 skin cancer 512–513, 513b wound healing phases in 508–509 Integumentary medications 521–529 for acne vulgaris 524–526, 524b, 525f 2731 for actinic keratosis 522 for burn products 526, 526b for dermatitis 521, 521b for poison ivy 521, 521b for psoriasis 523–524, 523b sunscreens 522–523 topical glucocorticoids 521–522 Integumentary system anatomy and physiology of 508 assessment of 151–152, 152b, 152t burn injury 1023b, 1024f changes in, with aging 248 chronic kidney disease manifestations in 763b cystic fibrosis in 438 fluid volume deficit and excess findings in 97t hyponatremia and hypernatremia findings in 101t inhalation injuries 1025–1026 interventions in spinal cord injury 1053 positioning clients in 209 postoperative care of 198 Intellectual disability (mental retardation) 474 care for 48–49 Intellectualization defense mechanisms 923b Intention, wound healing by 508–509 Interferons, for malignancy 572 Interleukins, for malignancy 572 Intermittent infusion devices 995 Intermittent sequential compression 198f, 201 Internal disasters 176 Internal fixation of fracture 873, 873f Internal jugular veins, catheterization for parenteral nutrition 1003 Internal rotation, in labor 306b International normalized ratio (INR) 129, 738 Interpersonal conflict 78 2732 Interpersonal psychotherapy 926 Interstate endorsement 19 Interstitial fluid 94f Interventions in hospitalized adolescent 228 in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 227 in hospitalized school-age child 227 Intervertebral disk herniation 878–880 Intestinal obstruction, in cystic fibrosis 438 Intestinal tubes 1014–1015 Intestinal tumors 545–547 Intoxication, water 98 Intracellular compartment 93 Intracellular fluid 94f Intracerebral hemorrhage 837b Intracranial pressure (ICP), increased. see Increased intracranial pressure Intractable angina 713 Intradermal injection, of parenteral medication 185, 186f Intramuscular injection, of parenteral medication 185, 186f in pediatric patient 500, 502f, 502t Intraoperative pressure 801 Intrapersonal conflict 78 Intrathecal opioid analgesics, for labor and birth 311 Intrauterine fetal demise, in labor and birth 321 Intravascular compartment 93 Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) 702 Intravenous (IV) containers 994 Intravenous (IV) fluids, for increased intracranial pressure 836b Intravenous (IV) gauges 993–994 Intravenous (IV) medications administration of 185, 186f, 500–501 calculations of dosage 187b 2733 flow rates 187–188, 188b pediatric 500 Intravenous (IV) therapy 993–1002, 994t central venous catheters for 1000–1001, 1001f complications of 997–1000, 998–1000t devices for 993 epidural catheter for 1001–1002, 1002f initiation and administration of 996–997, 997b latex allergy and 996 peripheral sites for 996, 996b, 996f precautions in 997 types of solutions and 993, 994t Intravenous (IV) tubing 994–995, 994–995f flow rates and 188 Intravenous urography 759–760 Intraventricular hemorrhage, in newborn 350 Intrinsic factor 622 Introjection defense mechanisms 923b Intubation procedures 1013b Intussusception 414, 414f Invasion of privacy 61 Invasive pacing epicardial 710–711 transvenous 710 Inversion, uterine, in labor and birth 321 Involuntary admission 924–925 Involution, of uterus 325, 326f Iodine, radioactive, uptake 580 Ionizing radiation, as warfare agent 178 Ions 94b nephrotoxic 761b iPLEDGE program 526 Irinotecan 571b Iris 799 2734 Iron high intake of, diet for 143 overload, due to blood transfusion 1011 supplementation of, for infant 233 Iron deficiency anemia 557 in pediatric patient 383 Irrigation of chemical eye injury 805b continuous bladder 550, 551b of ear 824–825, 825f in nasogastric tubes 211, 1012 self-irrigation of urinary stoma 554b Irritability, reflex, in Apgar scoring 341t Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 416, 638 medications for 653b treatment for 652 Ishihara chart 154 Islam end-of-life care and 239b organ donation and transplantation and 63 Isolation defense mechanisms 923b in older client 250 Isoniazid 295, 683–684 Isotonic dehydration 96–97 Isotonic overhydration 98 Isotonic solutions 95, 993, 994t Isotretinoin, for acne vulgaris 525–526 Itch mite 375 IVUS See Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) J J point 699b Jackson-Pratt device 543, 543f 2735 Jaundice 152b assessment in dark-skinned client 152 with cirrhosis 632 in hyperbilirubinemia 350 in newborn 344 Jehovah’s Witnesses end-of-life care and 239b organ donation and transplantation and 63 Jejunostomy tube, administering medications via 1014b Jejunum 622 Joints degenerative disease of 881b, 882 dislocation and subluxation of 878 juvenile idiopathic arthritis of 480 rheumatoid arthritis of 881–882, 881b types of 869, 870t Jones criteria for diagnosis of rheumatic fever 454b Judaism end-of-life care and 239b organ donation and transplantation and 63 Judgment, in mental status exam 151b Justice 58b Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 480–481, 481b K Kaposi’s sarcoma 905–906 Kawasaki disease 454–455, 455b Keratolytics 523, 523b Keratomileusis, laser-assisted in-situ 801 Keratosis, actinic 512 Keratotomy photorefractive 801 radial 801 Kernig’s sign 165, 470, 835b, 847, 847f 2736 Ketoacidosis, diabetic 114, 114b in children 399f, 402 Kick counts 275 Kidney 756 acute injury of 761–762, 761–762b chronic disease of 762, 763–764b, 763t, 764f excretion of acids from 111 functions of 756 polycystic disease of 776–777 transplantation of 772–774, 773f, 774b tumors of 779–780 Kidney, ureters, and bladder (KUB) radiography 759 Knee, total replacement 878 Knee jerk reflex 362 Kock pouch 552 Koebner phenomenon 514 Kohlberg’s theory, of moral development 221, 221b Koplik’s spots 490 Kupffer cells 623 Kyphosis 162b L Labels IV bag 994 medication 184 Labor and birth 304–317 anesthesia for 311 breathing techniques for 307, 307b definition of 304 fetal monitoring in 307–309, 307b, 308f, 309b four stages of 309–311, 309t, 310f 4 P’s of 304 interventions during, in diabetes mellitus 283–284 Leopold’s maneuvers during 306 2737 mechanisms of 304–306, 306b obstetrical procedures in 312–313, 312t problems with 318–324, 318b amniotic fluid embolism 320 dystocia 320 fetal distress 320–321 intrauterine fetal demise 321 precipitous labor and delivery 319–320 premature rupture of the membranes 318 preterm labor 319 prolapsed umbilical cord 318 rupture of the uterus 321 supine hypotension 318–319 uterine inversion 321 process of 304, 305b, 305f true versus false 306b Labor curve 309, 310f Laboratory findings in fluid volume deficit and excess 97t in hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia 103t in hypokalemia and hyperkalemia 99t in hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia 104t in hyponatremia and hypernatremia 101t Laboratory reference intervals 127–132, 127f, 128t Laboratory tests, for asthma 436b Laboratory value, in acid-base imbalances 115t Labyrinthitis 811 Lacerations, perineal 327 Lacrimal gland 800 Lactose intolerance in children 411 in pregnancy 277 Lactulose 632 Laissez-faire leadership 75 2738 Laminectomy 879b decompressive 1055 positioning clients in 212–213 Laminotomy 879b Lamivudine 912 Lamivudine/zidovudine 912 Lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir 912 Language disturbances, in schizophrenia 943, 943b Lanugo, in newborn 342 Laparoscopy 624 Large for gestational age 348–349 Large intestine 622–623 Laryngectomy 548 positioning clients in 211 speech rehabilitation following 549b Laryngectomy stoma 548 Laryngoscopy 659–660 Laryngotracheobronchitis 432–433, 432b, 433t Larynx 658 cancer of 548–549, 548f Laser-assisted angioplasty 703 Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) 801 Laser therapy for cervical cancer 540 for lung cancer 547 for varicose veins 723 LASIK See Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) LATCH, assessing 327 Latchkey child 971 Late decelerations, in fetal heart rate 308, 308f Latency stage, of psychosexual development 223b Latent phase, of labor 309, 309t, 310f Later adulthood developmental stages of 239 2739 Erikson’s stages of development in 220b, 220t Lateral (side-lying) position 210, 210f Latex allergy 900–902, 901–902b, 901f, 996 Lavacuator tube 1012f, 1015 Lavage tubes 1015 Laws 60 client’s rights and 62, 62b Good Samaritan 61 types of 60, 60b, 60f Laxatives 652–653, 653b Lead poisoning 418–419 Leadership 75, 75b Leflunomide 893 Left atrium 696 Left ventricle 696 Left ventricular failure 715 Leg cramps, in pregnancy 271 Leg exercises, preoperative 195 Legal and ethical issues, in end-of-life care 239 Legal blindness 801 Legal liability 60–61, 60–61b, 60f Legal risk, areas of 61 Legal safeguards 66–67, 66–67b Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 481–482 Legionnaire’s disease 668–669 Legitimate power 76b Legs assessment of arteries in 161b peripheral sites in 996, 996f Length, in newborn 341 Lens 800 cataracts of 802, 802f, 803b Leopold’s maneuvers, for labor and delivery 306 Leprostatics, adverse effects of 915–916t 2740 Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning (LGBTQ) community See LGBTQ community Leukapheresis, for stem cell harvesting 535 Leukemia 536b in children 387–389, 388b Leukopoietic growth factors 792b, 793 Leukotriene modifiers 679b, 680 Level of consciousness in mental status exam 151 2741 in neurological system assessment 163–164 Levin tube 1011, 1012f Lewin’s basic concept of the change process 78, 78f LGBTQ community 45–47 family members of 46 health care considerations for 46–47 risk factors in 46 Liability, legal 60–61, 60–61b, 60f proof of 60 Liability insurance 60–61 Libel 61 Lice, in child 374–375 Licensure requirements, for foreign-educated nurse 19, 19b Ligation endoscopic variceal, esophageal 634, 1034 of inferior vena cava 727 Light reflex corneal 154 pupillary 154b Light touch, assessment of 165 Lightening, in labor and birth 304 Limbic system 831b Lincosamides, adverse effects of 915–916t Lindane 375 Linea nigra 269 Lip, cleft 407–408, 407f Lipids 130, 130t levels, in coronary artery disease 712 medications for reduction of 748–749 in parenteral nutrition 1003, 1003b serum 698 Lipodystrophy, insulin 590–591 Lipoprotein-α 698 Lips, assessment of 156 2742 Liquid diet 140 Liraglutide 613 List, in pathways to success 20 Lithium 981–982, 981b toxicity 982 hyponatremia and 101 Lithium carbonate, for bipolar disorder 938 Lithotomy position 209, 209f Lithotripsy extracorporeal shock wave 778–779 percutaneous 779 Liver anatomy and physiology of 623 laboratory studies of 626 Liver biopsy 625–626 positioning clients and 210 client undergoing 211b Liver enzymes, in preeclampsia 289t Living situation, further questions based on 43b Lobectomy, for lung cancer 547 Local anesthesia, for labor and birth 311 Lochia 325, 326b Longitudinal lie, in labor and birth 304, 305f Loop diuretics 741–742, 741–742b Lopinavir/ritonavir 912 Lorazepam 858t, 859 Lordosis 162b Loss 964–965 nurse’s role in 965 perinatal, postpartum 336 Loss of control in hospitalized adolescent 228 in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 227 2743 in hospitalized school-age child 227 Lou Gehrig’s disease 846 Lovastatin 748, 749b Low-output failure, of heart 715 Low-purine diet 143 Lower extremities amputation of 211–212 peripheral sites in 996, 996f Lower respiratory airway 658–659 Lubricants, ophthalmic 822, 822b Lumbar disk herniation 879 Lumbar epidural block, for labor and birth 311 Lumbar puncture 832 positioning clients in 213 Lumbar spine injuries 1052 interventions for 1055 Lumpectomy 543b Lung biopsy 661 Lung scan, ventilation-perfusion 661 Lung surfactants 366–367 Lungs in acid-base balance 111 anatomy and physiology of 658–659 assessment of 157–159, 157b, 158–159f, 159t, 160b cancer of 547–548 metastatic 531b physiological maternal changes in 268f water loss from 96 Lupus 902–903 Luteal phase, of menstrual cycle 259b Luteinizing hormone (LH), in menstrual cycle 258 Lyme disease 904, 904b, 904f Lymph nodes assessment of 153 2744 Hodgkin’s disease and 389, 389f Lymphocyte immune globulin 914 Lymphocyte screen 906b Lymphocytic leukemia, acute 387 Lymphoma 389 M Macewen’s sign 467–468 Macrodrip chamber, in intravenous therapy 995, 995f Macrodrip set, in intravenous therapy 188 Macrolides, adverse effects of 915–916t Macula lutea 799 Macular degeneration 804 medications for 824 Mafenide acetate, for burn injury 526 Magnesium as antacids 650t cardiovascular testing of 699 food sources of 138b in hypermagnesemia 104t in hypomagnesemia 103–104, 104t serum 103 Magnesium sulfate 361–363, 362t for preeclampsia 289 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cardiovascular system 700–701 in musculoskeletal disorders 870 of neurological system 832 ocular 801 Mainstem bronchi 658 Male genitalia, assessment of 166–167 in newborn 343 Male reproductive structures 258 Male-to-female (MTF) 46 2745 Malleus 807 Malnutrition, metabolic acidosis due to 114b Malpractice 59–60 Managed care 73 Management of care subcategories on examination 4, 5t functions of 76b leadership and 75, 75–76b Mania, in bipolar disorder 937, 939b Manipulative behavior, with bipolar disorder 939b Mannitol 824, 863 Mantoux test interpretation 442, 442b MAOIs See Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) MAP See Mean arterial pressure (MAP) Maraviroc 913 Marfan syndrome 481 Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) 959 Marital rape 972 Mask oxygen 433t of pregnancy 269 in standard precautions 175 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory 29, 30b, 30f Massage, fundal, for uterine atony 333, 334f Mast cell stabilizers, ophthalmic 821b Mastectomy 209, 544b Mastitis, postpartum 335, 335f Mastoidectomy 810 Mastoiditis 810–811 Maternity nursing care of the newborn 340–360, 355b labor and birth 304–317 problems with 318–324 maternity and newborn medications 361–371 2746 postpartum period 325–332 complications of 333–339 prenatal period 266–280 reproductive system 258–265 risk conditions related to pregnancy 281–303 Matrix items 14, 17b Maturational crisis 965b MCV See Meningococcal vaccine (MCV) MDI See Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) MDR-TB See Multidrug-resistant strain of tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Mean arterial pressure (MAP) 1044, 1057 Measles 489–490 Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine 231 Measurement abbreviations 502b Measurement systems, for drug administration 183, 184b Mechanical prosthetic valves 719 Mechanical soft diet 140 Mechanical ventilation 662, 1038–1041, 1039f, 1040b, 1040t Mechanical ventilators, respiratory alkalosis due to overventilation by 113b Mechlorethamine 569, 569b Meconium aspiration syndrome, in newborn 349 Meconium stool 345 Medicaid 48 Medical records, confidentiality of 65 Medication cartridge, prefilled 186 Medication label 184 Medication reconciliation, process of 80b Medications administration of 183, 184b pediatric 500 preoperative 196–197 via nasogastric, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy tube 1014b antineoplastic 567–569 for asthma 437, 437b 2747 calculation of 183–193 conversions in 183–184, 184–185b dosage calculation in 187, 187b infusions prescribed by unit dosage per hour in 188, 188b of injectable medications in powder form 187, 187b intravenous flow rate in 187–188, 188b measurement systems in 183, 184b medication labels in 184 of oral medications 185 of parenteral medications 185–187, 186–187f pediatric 500 percentage and ratio solutions in 187 prescriptions for 184–185, 185b cardiovascular 737–754 hearing loss due to 825b integumentary 521–529 intravenous, intermittent infusion devices for administration of 995 maternity and newborn 361–371 musculoskeletal 890–896 nephrotoxic 761b neurological 855–867 in older client 251–252, 251–252b ophthalmic 819–820, 820f parenteral 185–187 pediatric 500–506 preoperative precautions 196–197, 197b prescription for components of 66b legal safeguards 66–67, 66b psychiatric 978–990 questions about 35b, 36 renal 788–797 for spinal cord injuries 1055 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 514 2748 Medicine cup 185 Medulla oblongata 830 Melanoma 513, 513b ocular 804–805 Memantine 986–987 Memory changes 835b in mental status exam 151b Meniere’s syndrome 811–812 Meningeal irritation 165, 835b Meninges 830 Meningitis 847–848 in children 470–471 Meningocele 472 Meningococcal vaccine (MCV) 231–232 Menstrual cycle 258, 259b menstrual phase of 259b temperature and 120 Menstruation, in postpartum period 325 Mental health 922–923 assessment of 148–151, 151b concerns in foster children 50b in older client 249–250, 250t Mental health disorders 933–952 anxiety 933, 934b depression 938–940, 940b dissociative disorder 937 electroconvulsive therapy for 940b further questions related to 43b generalized anxiety disorder 934, 934b individuals with 50–51 mood disorders 937–938 obsessive-compulsive disorder 935–936, 936b 2749 paranoid personality disorder 945, 945b personality disorders 944–946 phobia 935, 935b post-traumatic stress disorder 935, 935b schizophrenia 941–944, 942b, 942f, 944b Mental health nursing 920–932 coping and defense mechanisms in 923–924, 923b Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders 924 mental health in 922–923 nurse-client relationship in 920–921 psychiatric-mental health illness in 923 therapeutic communication process in 921, 921f, 922t types of mental health admissions and discharges client rights and 924b discharge planning and follow-up care 925 involuntary admission 924–925 right to confidentiality 924 voluntary admission 924 voluntary release 925 Mental Health Systems Act 62, 62b Mentally ill informed consent issues with 63, 63b rights for 62, 62b Meperidine 862–863 Mephobarbital 858–859 Mercaptopurine 570 Mesocaval shunting, for esophageal varices 634, 1034 Metabolic acidosis 113t, 114, 114b with chronic kidney disease 765 Metabolic alkalosis 113t, 114, 114b Metabolic syndrome 589 Metabolic system assessment of, in newborn 345 problems of 397–405 2750 Metastasis 531, 531b Metaxalone 891, 891b Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) 678, 679f for asthma 437 Metformin 701 Methadone 862 Methenamine 788, 789b Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) community-associated, pediatric 494 integumentary 510–511 Methimazole 607 Methocarbamol 891, 891b Methotrexate 893, 914 for dermatitis 521b for juvenile idiopathic arthritis 481b for malignancy 570 for psoriasis 523 Methsuximide 859 Methylergonovine maleate 365 Methylxanthines 678, 679b Metoclopramide 651 Metric system conversion between 183, 184b for drug calculation 183, 184b for measurements of fluids 93 Microalbuminuria 698 Microdrip chamber, in intravenous therapy 995, 995f Microdrip set, in intravenous therapy 188 Microprocessor ventilator 1038 Microshock, risk reduction of 711 Midbrain 830 MIDCAB See Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) Middle adulthood developmental stages of 238–239 2751 Erikson’s stages of development in 220b, 220t nutrition and 139b Middle ear 807 Middle manager 76 Milieu therapy 925–926 Military veterans care for 51 further questions related to 43b Miller-Abbott tube 1012f Milliequivalent (mEq) 93, 183 Milliliters per hour 188, 188b Milrinone lactate 740b Mineralocorticoids 579b as endocrine medication 607–608 hypersecretion of 584 Minerals 137 density measurement in bone 871 food sources of 138b in parenteral nutrition 1003 Mini-Hoffman system 873f Minidrip set, in intravenous therapy 188 Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) 704, 1046 Minnesota tubes 211, 1015 Minocycline 525 Minors, consent and 64 Miotics 803 for eye disorders 822b Misoprostol 649 Missed abortion 282b Mitigation, in disaster management 84 Mitotic inhibitor medications 570–571, 571b Mitral annuloplasty 719 Mitral insufficiency 718 Mitral stenosis 718 2752 Mitral valve 696 prolapse of 718 Mixed hearing loss 808–809 3-mL syringe 185 5-mL syringe 186, 186f Mnemonics PERRLA 154b REEDA 202 MNPI See Myocardial nuclear perfusion imaging (MNPI) Modeling 926 Modified Brooke resuscitation formula 1027t Modified Parkland resuscitation formula 1027t Modified-paced breathing, in labor and birth 307b Modular nursing 74 Molding, of head, in newborn 341, 341f Molecule 94b Mongolian spots, as birthmark 343t Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) 980–981, 980b, 981f Monobactams, adverse effects of 915–916t Monoclonal antibodies 679b for malignancy 572, 572b as respiratory medications 680–681 Mononucleosis 493–494 Mood disorders 937–938 Mood stabilizers 981–982, 981b Moral development, Kohlberg’s theory of 221, 221b Morals 58 Mormons, end-of-life care and 239b Moro reflex, in newborn 346 Morphine 862–863 Morphine sulfate 127 for head injury 838, 1048 Motor activity, in schizophrenia 941 Motor behaviors, in schizophrenia 942b 2753 Motor function, assessment of 164 Motor neurons 831 Motor response, in meningeal irritation 835b Mourning 965 Mouth anatomy and physiology of 622 assessment of 156–157 of newborn 342 care of, in client with mucositis 537b Moving, in change process 78, 78f MRI See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome 454 Mucosal ulceration, as radiation therapy side effect 390t Mucositis, with leukemia 389 Mucous membranes, in dehydration, pediatric 398t Multidrug-resistant strain of tuberculosis (MDR-TB) 683 Multiple-choice questions 26 Multiple gestation, in pregnancy 291 Multiple myeloma 538–539 Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) 1059, 1059–1060t Multiple personality disorder See Dissociative identity disorder (DID) Multiple-response questions 8, 8b, 26 enhanced 12b Multiple sclerosis 843–844 medications for 855–856, 856b Multiple-choice questions 8 Mumps 491 Murmur, grading of 160b Murphy’s sign 631 Muscle cramps, with chronic kidney disease 765 Muscle relaxants 890–891, 891b for increased intracranial pressure 836b Muscle strength 162, 162t Muscle tone 2754 in Apgar scoring 341t assessment of 162 Muscles anatomy and physiology of 869–870, 870f, 870t biopsy of 871–872 of eye 800 skeletal 870 strain of 872 Musculoskeletal medications 890–896 antiarthritic 892–893, 892b, 892f antigout 891–892 to prevent and treat osteoporosis 893–894, 893b skeletal muscle relaxants 890–891, 891b Musculoskeletal problems 869–889 amputation of a lower extremity 880–881, 880f canes and walkers for 877 crutch walking for 876–877, 876t diagnostic tests for 870–872 fractures 872–874, 872b complications of 875–876, 875b hip 877–878 gout 883–884 injuries 872 intervertebral disk herniation 878–880 joint dislocation and subluxation 878 osteoarthritis 882 osteoporosis 882–883, 883b osteosarcoma 391–392 pediatric 478–486 congenital clubfoot 479–480, 479f developmental dysplasia of hip 478–479, 478b, 479f fractures 482–483, 482b idiopathic scoliosis 480 juvenile idiopathic arthritis 480–481, 481b 2755 Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 481–482 Marfan syndrome 481 risk factors for 870b total knee replacement for 878 Musculoskeletal system anatomy and physiology of 869–870 assessment of 162–163, 162b, 162t changes in, older clients 172b changes in, with aging 248, 249f with chronic kidney disease 763b physiological maternal changes in 269 positioning clients in 213 postoperative care of 198 Mustard gas 178 Myasthenia gravis 844 Myasthenic crisis, in myasthenia gravis 844 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 295, 442 Mycophenolate mofetil 792, 914 Mycophenolic acid 914 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 434 Mydriatic medications 800, 820–821, 820b Myelomeningocele 472 Myelosuppression, as radiation therapy side effect 390t Myocardial infarction 713–715, 714b Myocardial muscle 698 in myocardial infarction 714 Myocardial nuclear perfusion imaging (MNPI) 700 Myocarditis 717 Myocardium anatomy of 696 contractility of, medications for stimulation of 739 transmyocardial revascularization 703 Myoclonic seizure 840b Myoglobin 698 2756 in myocardial infarction 714 Myopia 801 MyPlate 138–139, 139b, 139f Myringoplasty 810 Myringotomy 425–426, 810 Myxedema coma 586–587, 587b, 606 N N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 986 Nadir 388 Näegele’s rule, for date of delivery 266, 267b Nails, assessment of 151–152 Nalbuphine 363, 862 Naloxone 363 Narcissistic personality disorder 945 Nasal cannula 1035, 1036–1037t, 1037f for children 433t Nasal decongestants 681–682, 681b Nasal high-flow (NHF) respiratory therapy 1035, 1037b Nasal spray vaccine, for influenza 688 Nasal stuffiness, in pregnancy 270 Nasogastric tubes 1011, 1012f, 1013b administering medications via 1014b positioning clients in 211 Nasotracheal tubes 1016 National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) development of test plan by 3 foreign-educated nurse 19 pass-or-fail decisions by 18 Web site for 3, 19 website, exam results in 25 Native Americans, end-of-life care in 239b Native Hawaiian, risk factors in 45 Native immunity 898 2757 Natural disasters 83b Natural immunity 898 Nausea in dying client 241b in hyperemesis gravidarum 287 in pregnancy 268–269 as radiation therapy side effect 390t NCLEX-RN® examination 1–19 additional information regarding 3 applying for 24 Authorization to Test (ATT) form for 15 candidate performance report following failure of 19 changing of appointment for 15–16 completion of 18 computer adaptive testing in 3 day of 16, 22, 22b difference of 24 final preparation for 22 from graduate’s perspective 24–25 identification needed for taking 16 interstate endorsement and 19 length of 18 NCSBN practice test questions 14 Next Generation Item Types 11–14, 12b Nurse Licensure Compact and 19 pass-or-fail decisions following 18 pathways to success for 20–23 process of 3 processing results of 18–19 Pyramid to Success 2, 20, 21b, 21f, 23b, 23f registering to take 14 scheduling appointment for 15 test plan for 3–6 client needs categories in 4–6, 5t 2758 development of 3 health promotion and maintenance category in 4, 5t integrated process in 6, 7b level of cognitive ability and 4, 4t, 5b psychosocial integrity category in 5t, 6b safe and effective care environment category in 4, 5b testing accommodations for 17 testing center for 17–18 testing time for 18 test-taking strategies for 26–39 See also Test-taking strategies types of questions on 7–11 NCSBN See National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) Near-death physiological manifestations 240–241 Near vision, assessment of 153 Nearsightedness 801 Nebulizer 678 Neck, assessment of 152–153 of newborn 342 Necrosis, avascular 876 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), in newborn 350 Needle aspiration, of thyroid tissue 580 Needle biopsy 532 Needleless infusion devices 995 Needles disposal of 172 safety 187 standard precautions and 175 Negative event queries 29, 29–30b Negative-feedback loop 579 Neglect 970b developmental 969b educational 969b older adult 971 physical 969b 2759 victims of, care for 49 Neglect syndrome, in stroke 842b, 843 Negligence 60, 61b Neisseria gonorrhoeae 294, 367 Neisseria meningitidis, in meningitis 470 Nelfinavir 913 Neobladder 552–553 Neodermis 1029b Neostigmine bromide 856b Nephrectomy radical, for kidney tumors 779–780 for renal canaliculi 779 Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor) 390–391 Nephrolithiasis 777 Nephrolithotomy 779 Nephrons 756 Nephrostomy, percutaneous 553 Nephrostomy tube 1015f, 1016 Nephrotic syndrome 460–461, 460f, 461b, 776 Nephrotoxic substances 761b Nerve tracts 830 Nerves ocular 800 spinal 831 Nervous system, changes in older clients 172b Nesiritide 747 Nesting, in labor 306 Neural tube defects 472–473 Neuralgia, trigeminal 845–846 Neuroblastoma 391 Neurocognitive disorders 946–948 Neurogenic hyperventilation 834b Neurogenic shock 1052b, 1053, 1057 Neurolemma 831 2760 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 985–986 Neurological changes, with chronic kidney disease 766 Neurological findings, in liver dysfunction 633f Neurological lateral sclerosis, hyperthermia 837 Neurological medications 855–867 Neurological problems 830–854 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 846 Bell’s palsy (facial paralysis) 846 cerebral aneurysm 839, 840b craniotomy for 838–839, 839b, 1048–1049, 1049b encephalitis as 846–847 Guillain-Barré syndrome 846 increased intracranial pressure 832, 835–836, 836b meningitis 847–848 multiple sclerosis 843 myasthenia gravis 844 neuroblastoma 391 Parkinson’s disease 845 pediatric 467–477 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 473 autism spectrum disorders 473–474 cerebral palsy 467, 468f head injury 467–469, 468f hydrocephalus 469–470, 470f intellectual disability (mental retardation) 474 meningitis 470–471 neural tube defects 472–473 Reye’s syndrome 471 seizure disorders 468b, 471–472, 472b submersion injury 471 seizures as 839–841 spinal cord injury 1050–1051 stroke (brain attack) 841–843, 841–842b, 842f traumatic head injury 837–839, 1047 2761 trigeminal neuralgia 845–846 unconscious client 835, 836b West Nile virus infection 847 Neurological system acidosis manifestations in 113t alkalosis manifestations in 113t anaphylaxis manifestations in 901f assessment of 163–165, 163–164t, 165b, 833–835, 834b, 834f, 836b in newborn 345 in stroke 842b botulism manifestations in 177 changes in, with aging 248 with chronic kidney disease 763b diagnostic tests for 831–833 medications antimyasthenic medications 855, 856b antiparkinsonian medications 856–857, 857b antiseizure medications 857–859, 858–859b, 858t nonopioid analgesics 860–861, 860–861b opioid analgesics 861–863, 862b opioid antagonists 863, 863b osmotic diuretics 863–864 positioning clients in 212–213 postoperative care of 198 Neuroma, acoustic 812 Neuromuscular system acidosis manifestations in 113t alkalosis manifestations in 113t fluid volume deficit and excess findings in 97t hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia findings in 103t hypokalemia and hyperkalemia findings in 99t hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia findings in 104t hyponatremia and hypernatremia findings in 101t interventions in spinal cord injury 1053 2762 Neurons 831 Neurotransmitters 831 Neutron 94b Nevada State Board of Nursing 24 Nevirapine 912 Nevus flammeus, as birthmark 343t Nevus vasculosus, as birthmark 343t New graduate RN 25 New learning, in mental status exam 151b Newborn abduction of 347, 347b addicted 352–353 Apgar scoring system in 340, 341t birthmarks in 342, 343t body systems assessment of 344–347, 345f bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 349 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines for 355 choking 355, 355b of diabetic mother 284, 354 erythroblastosis fetalis in 351, 351f eye prophylaxis for 367 feeding of 347, 347f fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in 353, 353f hyperbilirubinemia in 350–351 hypoglycemia in 354 hypothyroidism in 354 identification 347 initial care of 340 intraventricular hemorrhage in 350 large for gestational age 348–349 meconium aspiration syndrome in 349 medications for 361–371, 365b of mother with human immunodeficiency virus 353–354 necrotizing enterocolitis in 350 2763 parent teaching in 347–348, 347f physical assessment of 340, 341–342f, 341t, 343t postterm 348 preterm 348 respiratory distress syndrome in 349 retinopathy of prematurity in 350 safety 347 sepsis 352 small for gestational age 348 syphilis in 352, 352f TORCH infections in 352 transient tachypnea in 349–350 uncircumcised 348 vital signs 232b, 340 Nifedipine 362t 90-degree-90-degree traction 482 Nitrates 744, 744b Nitrazine test 275 Nitrofurantoin 788, 789b Nits 374, 375b Nizatidine 651 NNRTIs See Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) Nocturnal enuresis, primary 461 Nodules, of acne vulgaris 514 Nomogram, for estimation of body surface area in infants and children 502, 503b, 503f Noncommunicating hydrocele 415 Non-heart-beating donors, kidney 772 Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 1038–1039, 1039f Noninvasive transcutaneous pacing 710 Nonmaleficence 58b Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) 912 Nonopioid analgesics 126–127, 860–861, 860–861b Nonreassuring fetal heart rate 2764 during oxytocin infusion 365, 365b pattern 309b Nonrebreather mask 1036–1037t, 1037, 1038f Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 126, 860–861, 860–861b for gout 891 for juvenile idiopathic arthritis 481b nephrotoxic 761b ophthalmic 821b for rheumatoid arthritis 893 side and adverse effects of 126b, 861b Nonstress test, in pregnancy 276b Norepinephrine 748 Normal sinus rhythm 705, 705–706f, 706b Normothermia, inducement of 837 Nose 658 assessment of 156–157 of newborn 342 Nosebleed 427, 427b Nosocomial infections 174–175 NRTIs See Nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) NSAIDs. see Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Nuchal rigidity 838, 1048 Nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) 912 Nurse Licensure Compact 19 Nurse Practice Act 35, 59 Nurse practitioner, roles of 79 Nurse’s role in advance directives 67–68 in disaster planning 85, 85b in exposure to warfare agents 178–179 in grief and loss 965 Nursing process as Integrated Process subcategories 6 prioritizing nursing actions and 29–33, 31–33b, 83b 2765 Nursing school, graduating from 24 Nutrients 93, 137, 138b Nutrition 137–147 for adolescent 237 burn injury and 1028 in degenerative joint disease 882 depression and 940b enteral 144 for infant 232–233 in leukemia 387–388 MyPlate 138–139, 139b, 139f nutrients 137, 138b in postpartum period 327 in pregnancy 276–277 preoperative 194 for preschooler 235–236 for school-age child 236–237 therapeutic diets 140–143, 141b, 143b for toddler 234 vegan and vegetarian diets 144 Nutritionist 79 Nystagmus 807 O Obesity childhood 399 in pregnancy 296 Oblique fracture 872b Obsessive-compulsive disorder 935–936, 936b, 946 Obstruction intestinal, in cystic fibrosis 438 tube, of tracheostomy 1020–1021t Obstructive shock 1056–1057 Occipital lobe 831b 2766 Occupational lung disease 670–671 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 68 Occupational therapist 79 Occurrence reports 66, 66b Ocular irritation, with chronic kidney disease 766 Ocular melanoma 804–805 Oculomotor nerve 163–164t Oculovestibular reflex, of neurological system 833 Ocusert system 824 Ofloxacin 789, 789b Ointments, for eyes 820 Older adults abuse of 252, 971–972, 972b accidents and 172, 172b care of 51, 51b, 248–255 infection in 250, 251b medications in 251–252, 251–252b mental health concerns in 249–250, 250t nutrition and 139b pain in 250 physiological changes in 248–249, 249f psychosocial concerns in 249 Olfactory nerve 163–164t Oliguria, in acute kidney injury 761 Omalizumab 680 Omphalocele 414 Oncological disorders 531–566 bladder cancer 551–555 bone marrow transplantation for 535 breast cancer 542–544, 543f cervical cancer 540–541, 540b chemotherapy for 533–534 classification of 531 diagnostic testing of 532–533, 532b 2767 early detection of 532 endometrial cancer 542 factors influencing development of 532 grading and staging of 531, 532b intestinal tumors 545–547 laryngeal cancer 548–549, 548f leukemia 536–538, 536b lymphoma 538 metastatic 531, 531b ovarian cancer 541–542 pain control in 533 pancreatic cancer 545, 545f pediatric 387–396 brain tumors 392–393, 393b Hodgkin’s disease 389–390, 389f, 390t leukemia 387–389, 388b lymphoma 389 nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor) 390–391 neuroblastoma 391 osteosarcoma 391–392 pelvic exenteration for 541, 541b prevention of 532 prostate cancer 549–551 radiation therapy for 534–535, 534b surgery in 533 uterine cancer 542 warning signs of 532b Oncological medications 567–576 Open fracture 872b Open head injury 1047 Open reduction, of fracture 482 Operant conditioning, in behavior therapy 926, 926f Operating room, arrival in 197 Ophthalmia neonatorum, prevention of 344, 367 2768 Ophthalmic medications administration of 819–820, 820f β-Adrenergic blocker 822b, 823 anesthetic, topical 822 anti-infective 821, 821b anti-inflammatory 821–822, 821b anticholinergics 820–821, 820b carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 822b, 823–824 cycloplegic 820–821, 820b for glaucoma 822–823, 822b lubricants 822, 822b mydriatic 820b Ocusert system 824 osmotic 824 Ophthalmoscopy 155 Opioid analgesics 126–127, 861–863, 862b intrathecal, for labor and birth 311 for maternity and newborn medications 363 Opioid antagonists 682–683, 682b, 863, 863b Opioids 958 for cancer pain 533 intoxication 958b Opisthotonos 467, 468f Opportunistic infection, in HIV/AIDS 487 Optic disc 799 Optic nerve 163–164t Oral contraceptives 526 Oral hypoglycemic medications 590 Oral medications administration of 185 dosage calculation for 187, 187b pediatric measurement and administration of 500, 501b, 501f Orbit 799 Ordered-response questions 9, 9f, 27 2769 Organ, donation client’s rights and 62–63 religious beliefs regarding 63 Organ of Corti 807 Organ rejection, medications for preventing 791–792, 791b Organizational conflict 78 Organizations, formal 76–77 Organizing, as function of management 76b Orientation in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t in mental status exam 151b Orotracheal tubes 1016 Orphenadrine 891, 891b Orthodox Church end-of-life care and 239b organ donation and transplantation and 63 Orthostatic hypotension 704, 1046 Ortolani’s test 478, 479f Oseltamivir 689t OSHA See Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) Osmolality 95 Osmosis 94–95 Osmotic diuretics 741–742b, 742, 863–864 Osmotic pressure 94–95 Osmotics for eye disorders 824 as laxatives 653, 653b Osteoarthritis 882 Osteogenic sarcoma 391–392 Osteomyelitis, with fractures 876 Osteoporosis 882–883, 883b medications to prevent and treat 893–894, 893b Osteosarcoma 391–392 Ostium primum 449 2770 Ostium secundum 449 Otic medications administration of 824–825 anti-infective 825, 825b antihistamines and decongestants for 825–826, 825b ceruminolytic 826 Otitis, external 810 Otitis media 425–426, 810, 810b Otosclerosis 811 Otoscopic exam 155–156 Ovarian function, in postpartum period 325 Ovarian hormones 258 Ovaries 258 anatomy and physiology of 579 cancer of 541–542 changes in, during menstrual cycle 259b physiological maternal changes in 268 Overcompliance, in schizophrenia 942 Overdose, tricyclic antidepressants 979b Overeating, compulsive 953 Overhydration 98 Overnight dexamethasone suppression test 580 Oxalate canaliculi 778b Oxygen partial pressure of 115t for respiratory system disorders 659, 1035–1038, 1036–1037t, 1037b, 1037–1038f Oxygen hood 433t Oxygen mask 433t Oxygen tent 433t Oxytocin 312, 364–365, 365b P P wave 699b, 705f p24 antigen testing 489t 2771 Pacemakers 710–711, 711b PACG See Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) Pacific Islander, risk factors in 45 Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) 1006–1007 Paclitaxel 571b PaCO2 See Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) Pad electrodes 709 Pain 124–126 abdominal with peritoneal dialysis 772 in rheumatic fever 454f afterbirth 327 in angina 713 assessment of 124–125, 125f in neurological examination 165 care of, in dying client 241b chest 744b medications for 744–745, 744b fear of injury and in hospitalized adolescent 228 in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 227 in hospitalized school-age child 227 in myocardial infarction 714 nonverbal indicators of 124b in older client 250 respiratory alkalosis due to 113b types of 124 Pain management in burn injury 1028 in degenerative joint disease 882 in oncological disorders 533 postoperative 199 Palate 2772 assessment of 157 cleft 407–408, 407f Palliative care, in end-of-life care 239–240 Palliative surgery, for cancer 533 Pallor 152b Palmar-plantar grasp, in newborn 346 Palpation 151 abdominal 162 of breasts 161 of chest in heart assessment 160 in lung assessment 157, 157b Pampering, positive 21–22 Pancreas anatomy and physiology of 579, 623 cancer of 545, 545f diabetes mellitus and 589–590 acute complications of 591–594, 592–594b, 593f, 594t care of client with undergoing surgery 596 chronic complications of 594–596, 596b diet and 590 exercise and 590 disorders of 589–591, 592b laboratory studies of 626 Pancreas transplants 591 Pancreatic enzyme for cystic fibrosis 440 intestinal juice 622 replacements for 652 Pancreatic insufficiency, in cystic fibrosis 440 Pancreatitis 636–638 Pancrelipase 652 Panic 933 PaO2 See Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) 2773 Papanicolaou (Pap) smear (test) 166, 273 Papules, of acne vulgaris 514 Paracentesis 210, 625, 625b Paralysis, facial 846 Paralytic ileus, postoperative 201 Paranoid personality disorder 945, 945b Paraplegia 1052 Parasites, intestinal 420 Parathyroid glands anatomy and physiology of 579 disorders of 588–589 Parathyroid medications 607, 607b Parathyroidectomy 589 Parent teaching, of newborn 347–348, 347f Parenteral medications calculation and administration of 185–187, 186–187f pediatric 500–502, 502f, 502t Parenteral nutrition (PN) 1002–1004 administration of 1002, 1002f, 1004 complications of 1004, 1005–1006t components of 1003 description of 1002 discontinuation of 1004 home care instructions in 1006b indications for 1002 nursing considerations of 1004–1006 Parietal lobe 831b Parietal pericardium 696 Parity 266 Parkinson’s disease 845 medication for 856–857, 857b Parkland resuscitation formula 1027t Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) normal range of 115t 2774 value changes in acid-base imbalances 115t Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) 115t Partial rebreather mask 1035–1037, 1036–1037t Partial-thickness burn deep 1024, 1024f superficial 1024, 1024f Participative management 75 PASS mnemonic 171b Password, information security and 66 Past pointing, test for 156b Pastia’s sign 492 Patellar reflex magnesium sulfate in 362, 363t during pregnancy 290b Patent ductus arteriosus 449–450 Pathological fracture 872b Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) 996 Pattern-paced breathing, in labor and birth 307b PAWP See Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) PCA See Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) PCT See Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Peak airway inspiratory pressure 1040t Peak expiratory flow rate measurement 436b Pearson Vue 24 Pediatric disorders acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 487, 488b, 488f cardiovascular 447–458 aortic stenosis 450 atrial septal defect 449, 449b atrioventricular canal defect 449 cardiac catheterization for diagnosis of 452 coarctation of aorta 450 defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow 450–451 defects with increased pulmonary blood flow 449–450, 449b 2775 heart failure 447–449, 448b hypoplastic left heart syndrome 451–452 interventions for 452, 452b Kawasaki disease 454–455, 455b mixed defects 451–452 obstructive defects 450 patent ductus arteriosus 449–450 pulmonary stenosis 450 rheumatic fever 454, 454b, 454f tetralogy of Fallot 451 total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 452 transposition of great arteries/vessels 452 tricuspid atresia 451 truncus arteriosus 452 ventricular septal defect 450 of eyes, ears, and throat 424–430 allergic rhinitis 427 conjunctivitis 424–425 epistaxis 427 otitis media 425–426 strabismus 424 tonsillitis and adenoiditis 426–427, 426f gastrointestinal 406–423 abdominal wall defects 414–415 appendicitis 412–413 celiac disease 411–412 cleft lip and cleft palate 407–408, 407f constipation and encopresis 415–416, 416b diarrhea 406–407 esophageal atresia 408–409, 409f gastroesophageal reflux disease 409–410 hepatitis 417–418, 417b Hirschsprung’s disease 413–414, 413f hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 410–411, 410f 2776 imperforate anus 416–417, 416b intestinal parasites 420 intussusception 414, 414f irritable bowel syndrome 416 lactose intolerance 411 poison, ingestion of 418–420, 418b, 419t tracheoesophageal fistula 408–409, 409f umbilical hernia 415 vomiting 406 hematological 380–386 aplastic anemia 383 hemophilia 381–382 iron deficiency anemia 383 sickle cell anemia 380–381, 381b, 381f β-thalassemia 382–383, 382b von Willebrand’s disease 382 infectious and communicable diseases 487–499 care of child with HIV or AIDS 487–489 chickenpox (varicella) 491, 491f community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMRSA) 494 diphtheria 492 erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) 493, 493f infectious mononucleosis 493–494 influenza 495 mumps 491 pertussis (whooping cough) 491–492 poliomyelitis 492 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 494 roseola (exanthema subitum) 490, 490f rubella (German measles) 490–491, 490f rubeola (measles) 489–490, 490f scarlet fever 492–493, 493f integumentary 373–379 2777 burn injuries 376, 376b eczema (atopic dermatitis) 373, 373b impetigo 373–374, 374f pediculosis capitis (lice) 374–375, 375b scabies 375–376, 375b, 375f musculoskeletal 478–486 congenital clubfoot 479–480, 479f developmental dysplasia of hip 478–479, 478b, 479f fractures 482–483, 482b idiopathic scoliosis 480 Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 481–482 Marfan syndrome 481 neurological and cognitive 467–477 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 473 autism spectrum disorders 473–474 cerebral palsy 467, 468f head injury 467–469, 468f hydrocephalus 469–470, 470f intellectual disability (mental retardation) 474 meningitis 470–471 neural tube defects 472–473 Reye’s syndrome 471 seizure disorders 468b, 471–472, 472b submersion injury 471 oncological 387–396 brain tumors 392–393, 393b Hodgkin’s disease 389–390, 389f, 390t leukemia 387–389, 388b lymphoma 389 nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor) 390–391 neuroblastoma 391 osteosarcoma 391–392 renal and urinary 459–466 bladder exstrophy 463 2778 cryptorchidism 462 enuresis 461–462 epispadias and hypospadias 462–463, 462f glomerulonephritis 459–460, 459b hemolytic-uremic syndrome 461, 461b nephrotic syndrome 460–461, 460f, 461b respiratory 431–446 asthma 435–438, 436–437b bronchiolitis 433–434 bronchitis 433 in children 436t cystic fibrosis 438–440, 439b, 439f epiglottitis 431–432, 432f foreign body, aspiration of 441, 441f laryngotracheobronchitis 432–433, 432b, 433t pneumonia 434–435 respiratory syncytial virus 433–434, 434b sudden infant death syndrome 440–441 tuberculosis 442–443, 442b Pediatric medication administration and calculation 500–506 calculation of body surface area 502–503, 503b, 503f developmental considerations in 503–504, 504b oral medications 500, 501b, 501f parenteral medications 500–502 Pediculosis capitis, in children 374–375, 375b PEEP See Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) Peer review 77 Pegaspargase 572 Pelvic exenteration 541, 541b Pelvic inlet diameters 259 Pelvic midplane diameters 259 Pelvic outlet diameters 259 Pelvic thrombophlebitis 336b Pelvic traction 874, 874f 2779 Pelvis, female, measurement and 258–259 Pemphigus 903–904 Penetrating objects, ocular 805 Penicillamine 893 Penicillinase-resistant penicillins, adverse effects of 915–916t Penicillins, adverse effects of 915–916t Penis 258 assessment of 166 epispadias and hypospadias of 462, 462f Pepsin 622 Peptic ulcer disease 627–629, 628b, 628f Peramivir 689t Percentage and ratio solutions 187 Perceptions, in mental status exam 151b Percussion 151 abdominal 162 chest in heart assessment 160 in lung assessment 157, 158f Percutaneous lithotripsy 779 Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 702–703, 702f Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling 274 Perforation, bowel 625b Performance improvement 77 Pericardial effusion 718, 1045 Pericardial friction rub 717 Pericardial sac 696 Pericardial space 696 Pericarditis 717 Perinatal loss, postpartum 336 Perineal discomfort, postpartum 327 Perineal lacerations 327 Perineal procedure, positioning clients in 209 Perineal prostatectomy 550 2780 Perioperative nursing care 194–208 ambulatory care or 1-day stay surgical units 203–204, 203b postoperative care in 197–199, 198f postoperative complications in 199b constipation 201 hemorrhage 200 hypoxemia 200 paralytic ileus 201 pneumonia and atelectasis 199–200, 199f pulmonary embolism 200 shock 200 thrombophlebitis 200–201 urinary retention 201 wound dehiscence and evisceration 202–203, 203b, 203f wound infection 201–202, 202b preoperative care in 194–197, 195–197b, 195–196f wrong site and wrong procedure surgery in 197 Peripheral arterial disease 212, 723–724, 724f Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation 535 Peripheral intravenous line insertion of 997b removal of 997b site selection for 996, 996b, 996f Peripheral vascular system 160, 161b Peripheral vasodilators 746, 746b Peripheral vision, assessment of 153 Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) 1001, 1001f Peritoneal dialysis 770–771, 770f automated 771, 771b complication of 772 infusion 771 Peritoneum 623 Peritonitis 625b due to perforated appendix 412 2781 with peritoneal dialysis 772 Permanent pacemakers 711 Permethrin 375 Personal health information (PHI) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and 64 uses or disclosures of 64, 65b Personal power 76b Personal protective equipment (PPE) 175, 175t Personality characteristics, in psychiatric-mental health illness 923 Personality disorders 944–946 Perspiration, water loss by 96 Pertussis (whooping cough) 491–492 pH carbonic acid-bicarbonate system in regulation of 110, 111f normal range of 115t Phallic stage, of psychosexual development 223b Pharmacist, roles of 79 Pharmacological and parenteral therapies, subcategories on examination 5–6, 6b Pharynx, anatomy and physiology of 658 Phenobarbital 858–859, 858t Phenylketonuria 345, 398–399 Phenytoin 858, 858t Pheochromocytoma 585 PHI See Personal health information (PHI) Phlebitis 720 as intravenous therapy complications 998–1000t Phlebothrombosis 720 Phobia 935, 935b Phosgene 178 Phosphate buffer system 110–111 Phosphorus cardiovascular testing of 699 food sources of 138b in hyperphosphatemia 105 2782 in hypophosphatemia 104–105 serum 104 Photochemotherapy 524 Photometer 351 Photorefractive keratotomy 801 Phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia 350 for psoriasis 523b, 524 Physical abuse, of older adult 972b Physical changes in early adulthood 238 in middle adulthood 238 Physical development of adolescent 237 of infant 232 of preschooler 235 of school-age child 236 of toddler 234 Physical examination 151 of newborn 340–344, 341–342f, 341t, 343t techniques for 151 vital signs in 151 Physical exercise, temperature and 120 Physical restraints 173 Physical therapist 79 Physical therapy, for bum injury 1030 Physical violence 969b Physiological adaptation, subcategories on examination 5t, 6b Physiological integrity, questions on examination associated with 5–6, 5t, 6b, 33 Physiological maternal changes, in prenatal period 267–269, 268f Phytonadione 367 PI See Protease inhibitors (PI) Piaget’s theory, of cognitive development 219–221 Pica, pregnancy and 277 2783 PICC See Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) Pillows, for proper positioning 213b Pilocarpine 824 Pilot balloon, endotracheal tubes 1016 Pimecrolimus 521, 521b “Pink eye,” 424 Pinna 806 Pinworm, infestation, in children 420 Pitting edema scale 152t Pituitary adenectomy 581–582 Pituitary gland anatomy and physiology of 578 disorders of 581–583, 581b hormones of 578b, 579f Pituitary medications 605, 606b Placenta 261 Placenta accreta 292 Placenta previa 292, 292f Placental abnormalities 292 Plague 177 Plan, for preparation 20–21, 21b Planned change 78 Planning discharge 81, 81b emergency response 83–86, 83–85b as function of management 76b questions on examination associated with 31, 32b Plantar reflex assessment of 165 in newborn 346 Plasma fresh-frozen, administration of 1007 osmolality of 95 Plasma cells, abnormal in multiple myeloma 538 2784 Plasma expanders 993 Plasma protein system, in acid-base balance 110 Plastic cannulas 993 Platelet count 129–130 antineoplastic medications and 567 following platelet transfusion 1007 in leukemia 387 Platelets in preeclampsia 289t transfusion 1007 Platypelloid pelvis 259 Play adolescent 238 infant 233 preschooler 236 school-age child 237 toddler 235 Pleural effusion 669 Pleural friction rub 159t Pleurectomy 669 Pleurisy 669 Pleurodesis 547, 669 PN See Parenteral nutrition (PN) Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) 231, 471, 690 Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia 487 Pneumonia 667–668 in children 434–435 Pneumocystis jiroveci 487 postoperative 199–200, 199f respiratory acidosis due to 112b Pneumonic plague 177 Pneumothorax 662–663, 663b, 663f, 1041, 1042b, 1042f in parenteral nutrition 1004, 1005–1006t POAG See Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) 2785 Poison Control Center 174 Poison ivy 511 treatment 521, 521b Poison oak 511 Poison sumac 511 Poisons ingestion, by children 418–420, 418b, 419t safety measures in 174 Policies of formal organizations 77 institutional 59 Polio vaccine, inactivated 488 Poliomyelitis 492 Polyarteritis nodosa 903 Polyarthritis, in rheumatic fever 454f Polycystic kidney disease 776–777 Polymerase chain reaction 489t Polypharmacy 251 Pons 830 Port-wine stain 343t Portacaval shunt, for esophageal varices 634, 634f, 1034, 1035f Portal hypertension 631 Portal systemic encephalopathy 632 Positioning after craniotomy 839b, 1049b tripod 431 Positioning clients 209–216, 210f in bed 209f in cardiovascular system 211–212 devices for 213b in endocrine system 209–210 ergonomic principles in 209, 211b with gastroesophageal reflux disease 410 in gastrointestinal system 210–211, 211b 2786 guidelines for 209 in integumentary system 209 lateral (side-lying) position 210f lithotomy position 209f in musculoskeletal system 213 in neurological system 212–213 pressure points in 210f prone position 210f in reproductive system 209 in respiratory system 211 in sensory system 212 Sims’ position 210f supine position 210f Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 1040t Positive event queries 29, 29–30b Positive inotropic and cardiotonic medications 739–740, 740b, 740f Positive momentum 21 Positive pampering 21–22 Post-traumatic stress disorder 935, 935b Postcardiac arrest care 1045 Posterior cord syndrome 1051, 1051f Postherpetic neuralgia 510 Posticteric stage, of hepatitis 635b Postmortem care 241, 242b Postoperative care 197–199, 198f Postoperative complications 199b constipation 201 hemorrhage 200 hypoxemia 200 paralytic ileus 201 pneumonia and atelectasis 199–200, 199f pulmonary embolism 200 shock 200 thrombophlebitis 200–201 2787 urinary retention 201 wound dehiscence and evisceration 202–203, 203b, 203f wound infection 201–202, 202b Postoperative interventions in appendicitis 412–413 bladder cancer surgery 554–555 in cardiac surgical unit 704, 1046 in esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula 409 in Hirschsprung’s disease 413–414 in hydrocele 415 ileostomy 546 in imperforate anus 416–417 for kidney transplantation 773–774 prostate cancer surgery 550 in umbilical hernia 415 Postpartum blues 328b Postpartum depression 328b Postpartum hemorrhage, medications for 365–366, 365b Postpartum period 325–332 breast-feeding in 327–328, 328b complications of 333–339 cystitis 333 hematoma 333, 334f hemorrhage and shock 333–334, 334b infection 334–335 mastitis 335, 335f perinatal loss 336 pulmonary embolism 335 subinvolution 335 thrombophlebitis 335–336, 336b uterine atony 333, 334f discomforts in 327, 328b interventions in 326–327, 326f nutritional counseling in 327 2788 physiological maternal changes in 325–326, 326b, 326f, 326t Postpartum psychosis 328b Postterm newborn 348 Posttransplantation immunodeficiency 906 Postural drainage 211 Postural (orthostatic) hypotension 704, 1046 Posture abnormalities of 162b in cerebral palsy 467, 468f assessment of, in neurologic system 834 changes of, with aging 248, 249f decerebrate 834 decorticate 834 flaccid 834 Potassium cardiovascular testing of 698–699 diet for modified intake of 143 excessive intake of 99–100 food sources of 138b homeostasis of 757 in hyperkalemia 99–100, 99t, 100b See also Hyperkalemia in hypokalemia 98–99, 99t See also Hypokalemia intravenously administered, precautions with 100b as oral supplements 99 in heart failure, pediatric 448 serum 98 Potassium-retaining diuretics 741–742b, 742 Potential for injury, with chronic kidney disease 766 Pouch, Kock 552 Powder form, injectable medications in 187, 187b Power 76, 76b PPE See Personal protective equipment (PPE) PR interval 699b Practice analysis study 3 2789 Pramlintide 613–614 PRBCs See Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) Preadolescent, eczema in 373b Precipitous labor and delivery 319–320 Prednisone 792 Preeclampsia 287–289, 289t Preembryonic period, in fetal development 260b Prefilled medication cartridge 186 Pregnancy adolescent 271 discomforts of 269–271 ectopic 284, 285f maternal risk factors 271–272 nutrition and 139b physiological changes during 267–269, 268f psychological changes during 269 risk conditions related to 281–303, 296–297t abortion 281, 282b abruptio placentae 292–293, 293f acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 286–287 bleeding during 281 cardiac disease 281–282, 282b chorioamnionitis 282 diabetes mellitus 282 disseminated intravascular coagulation 284, 284b, 284f fetal death in utero 285 gestational hypertension 288 hematoma 285–286, 285b hepatitis B 285 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 286–287 hydatidiform mole 287 hyperemesis gravidarum 287 hypertensive disorders 287–290, 288t incompetent cervix 290 2790 infections 291 multiple gestation 291 obesity 296 placenta previa 292, 292f placental abnormalities 292 pyelonephritis 293 sexually transmitted infections 293–295, 294b tuberculosis 295 urinary tract infection 295–296 signs of 266–267 temperature and 120 Preicteric stage, of hepatitis 635b Preinfarction angina 713 Preluxation, developmental dysplasia of hip 478b Premature rupture, of membranes, in labor and birth 318 Premature ventricular contractions 706–707, 707b, 707f Prematurity, retinopathy of 350 Prenatal period 266–280 antepartum diagnostic testing 272–275, 273t discomforts of pregnancy 269–271 fundal height 267, 267b, 267f gestation 266, 267b gravidity and parity 266, 267b maternal risk factors 271–272 nutrition 276–277 physiological maternal changes 267–269, 268f pregnancy signs 266–267 psychological maternal changes 269 Preoperational stage, of cognitive development 219 Preoperative care 194–197, 195–197b, 195–196f Preoperative checklist 196, 196b Preoperative interventions in esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula 408–409 in Hirschsprung’s disease 413 2791 in imperforate anus 416 for kidney transplantation 773 in tonsillectomy 426 Preovulatory phase, of menstrual cycle 259b Preparedness, in disaster management 84 nurse’s role in 85, 85b Presbycusis 809–810 Presbyopia 801 Preschooler developmental considerations for administering medications to 504b developmental stages of characteristics of 235–236 communication approaches in 228 hospitalized 226–227 vital signs of 235b nutrition and 139b Prescriptions 184–185, 185b components of 66b legal safeguards 66–67, 66b Pressoreceptors 697 Pressure injury 515, 516b Pressure support 1040t, 1041 Pressure-cycled ventilator 1038 Preterm labor 319 prevention of 361 Preterm newborn 348 Preventive Pediatric Health Care 229, 229b Primary adrenal insufficiency 583 Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) 803 Primary assessment, in emergency department 86 Primary hyperaldosteronism 584–585 Primary hypertension 728 Primary nursing 74 Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) 803 2792 Prioritizing 82–83, 82–83b examination questions associated with 27, 29–33, 30–33b, 30f strategic words associated with 28b Prisoners, care for 51 Privacy, invasion of 61 Probenecid 891–892 Problem-solving process 76, 76t Procedures, of formal organizations 77 Proctocolectomy, with permanent ileostomy 639 Prodromal labor 306 Professional liability insurance 60–61 Professional responsibilities 74–76 Progestins 609–610, 610b for malignancy 571b Projection defense mechanisms 923b Prokinetic agent 651 Prolapsed umbilical cord, in labor and birth 318, 319f Proliferative phase, of menstrual cycle 259b Prone position 210f, 212 Proof of liability 60 Prophylactic surgery, for cancer 533 Prophylaxis, for care of child with HIV infection and AIDS 487 Propionibacterium acnes 514 Propofol 1056 Proportion 184b Proprioception alterations, in stroke 842b Prostaglandin analogs, for eye disorders 822b Prostaglandins 363–364, 364b contraindications of 364b Prostate gland 258, 757 cancer 549–551 metastatic 531b transurethral resection of 550 Prostatectomy 2793 perineal 550 retropubic 550 suprapubic 550 Prostatitis 780 Protease inhibitors (PI) 912–913 Proteins diet for high intake of 142 diet for restricted intake of 142–143 nutrition and 137 in parenteral nutrition 1003 urinalysis for, in pregnancy 274 Protestant, end-of-life care and 239b Prothrombin time (PT) 129, 738 Protocols, of formal organizations 77 Proton 94b Proton pump inhibitors 651, 651b Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) 756 Proximate cause, in negligence and malpractice 60 Pruritus 375b with chronic kidney disease 766 Pseudoaneurysm 725 Pseudohyperkalemia 99 Psoriasis 513–514 Psychiatric medications 978–990 for Alzheimer’s disease 986–987, 986b antianxiety or anxiolytic medications 983 antipsychotic medications 984–985, 984b for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 986, 986b barbiturates 983–984, 984b monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) 980–981, 980b, 981f mood stabilizers 981–982, 981b sedative-hypnotics 983–984, 984b selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 978–979, 979b tricyclic antidepressants 979–980, 979b 2794 Psychiatric-mental health illness 923 Psychological changes in early adulthood 238 maternal, in prenatal period 269 in middle adulthood 238 Psychomotor activity, in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t Psychosexual development, Freud’s theory of 221–222, 222–223b Psychosis, postpartum 328b Psychosocial care, of dying client 241, 241b Psychosocial concerns, in older client 249 Psychosocial development, Erikson’s theory of 219, 220b, 220t Psychosocial impact, with integumentary problems 508 Psychosocial integrity with antineoplastic medication administration 568 questions on examination associated with 4–5, 5t, 6b, 33, 34b with spinal cord injury 1053 Psychosocial preparation, preoperative 195, 196b Psychosocial problems, with chronic kidney disease 766 Psychotherapy, interpersonal 926 PT See Prothrombin time (PT) PTCA See Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) Ptyalism, in pregnancy 268 Pull-to-sit response, in newborn 346 Pulmonary angiography 660 Pulmonary artery(Swan-Ganz) catheter, in cardiogenic shock 1043 Pulmonary artery pressures, in cardiogenic shock 1044 Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) 1044 Pulmonary blood flow, defects with decreased 450–451 Pulmonary contusion 662, 1041 Pulmonary edema with heart failure 716, 716b positioning clients with 212 respiratory acidosis due to 112b Pulmonary embolism 669–670, 670b 2795 with fractures 875 postoperative 200 postpartum 335 respiratory acidosis due to 112b Pulmonary findings, in liver dysfunction 633f Pulmonary function tests 436b, 660–661 Pulmonary stenosis 450 Pulmonary valve disorders 719t Pulmonary venous connection, total anomalous 452 Pulmonic semilunar valve 696 Pulse 121–122 in dehydration, pediatric 398t grading scale for 122b in postpartum vital signs 326t Pulse deficit 122 Pulse oximetry 124 procedure of 124 Pulse points 122 Pulse pressure 123 Pulse qualities 122 Pulseless electrical activity 1045 Pupillary light reflex 154b Pupils 799 assessment of 154, 154b in neurological system examination 164, 834, 834f Purine calculi 778b diet for low intake of 143 Purkinje fibers 697 Purulent exudate from wound 515 Pustules, of acne vulgaris 514 Pyelolithotomy 779 Pyelonephritis 776 acute 776 2796 chronic 776 in pregnancy 293 Pyelostomy, percutaneous 553 Pyloric sphincter 622 Pyloric stenosis, hypertrophic 410–411, 410f Pyloromyotomy 411 Pyloroplasty 628 Pyramid Point bullets 2 Pyramid to Success 2, 20, 21f, 23b, 23f Pyrazinamide 685 Pyridostigmine 856b Pyridoxine 295 Q Q wave 699b QRS complex 699b, 705–706f QT interval 699b Quadripod cane 877 Quadruple therapies, for Helicobacter pylori infection 651, 651b Qualities, of effective leader and manager 75b Quality improvement 77–78 Quality study time 20–21 QuantiFERON-TB Gold test 672 Quantitative immunoglobulin 906b Quantitative ultrasound for bone mineral density measurement 871 Quantum theory, of leadership and management 75b Questions avoiding reading into 26–28, 27b on client needs 4, 5t, 33–34, 34b cognitive ability and 4, 5b ingredients of 26–28, 27b on integrated process of caring 6 pharmacological 35–36, 35b on physiological integrity 5–6, 5t, 6b 2797 on prioritizing nursing actions 29–33, 30–33b, 30f on psychosocial integrity 5t, 6b on safe and effective care environment 4, 5b subject of 28–29, 29b R Rabbit fever 177 RACE mnemonic 171b Racial and ethnic minorities assessment tool for 43b care for 42–45 health care considerations for 45 Radial artery puncture, Allen’s test before 116b Radial keratotomy 801 Radiation 2798 ionizing, as warfare agent 178 safety 172 Radiation therapy 534–535, 534b for bladder cancer 551–552 side effects in children 390t Radioactive iodine uptake 580 Radioallergosorbent test 436b Radiography chest, in asthma 436b intravenous urography 759–760 kidney, ureters, and bladder 759 in musculoskeletal disorders 870 skull and spinal 831 Radiosurgery, stereotactic 838, 1049 Rales 159t Raloxifene 894 Raltegravir 913 Range of motion 162 Ranitidine 651 Rape 972 Rape trauma syndrome 972 Rapid response teams 80 Rash erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) 493, 493f of Lyme disease 904f roseola 490 rubella 490, 490f rubeola (measles) 490, 490f scabies 375f scarlet fever 492 Rate, in mechanical ventilation 1040t Ratio and proportion 184b Ratio solutions 187 Rationalization defense mechanisms 923b 2799 Raynaud’s disease 724–725 Reaction formation defense mechanisms 923b Reasoning, ethical 58 Recent memory, in mental status exam 151b Reconstitution, of powder medication 187 Reconstructive level, in psychotherapy 926 Reconstructive surgery, in cancer treatment 533 Recovery in disaster management 84 phase, of acute kidney injury 761–762, 762b Rectal enema, irrigations and 211 Rectal measurement, of temperature 121 Rectal temperatures 120 Rectum, assessment of 167 Red blood cell count 698 Red blood cells, packed 1006–1007 Red reflex 155 Reduction of fractures 873 in children 482 of risk potential subcategories on examination 5–6, 6b Reed-Sternberg cells 389 REEDA, mnemonics 202 Re-educative level, in psychotherapy 926 Referent power 76b Reflex irritability, in Apgar scoring 341t Reflexes assessment of in neurologic system 834b in newborn 346–347 during pregnancy 288–289, 290b Babinski 834b corneal (blink) 834b corneal light 154 2800 deep tendon 165, 165b gag 157, 834b patellar, magnesium sulfate in 362, 363t plantar 165 pupillary light 154b red 155 Reflux, gastroesophageal 626 Refraction 801 Refractive errors 801 Refreezing, in change process 78, 78f Refugees, care for 51–52 Registering, to take examination 14 Regression defense mechanisms 923b Regulation, of nursing practice 59–60 Rehabilitation, in burn injury 1030 Rehabilitative surgery, in cancer treatment 533 Reinforcer, in behavior therapy 926 Rejection of donor eye 806, 806f of donor kidney 774, 774b Relational theory, of leadership and management 75b Relationship-based practice 74 Relaxation, of muscle 869 Religions end-of-life care and 239b organ donation and transplantation and 63 Remote memory, in mental status exam 151b Renal biopsy 760 Renal calculi 777–778, 778b treatment options for 778–779, 779f Renal cortex 756 Renal disorders, pediatric bladder exstrophy 463 cryptorchidism 462 2801 enuresis 461–462 epispadias and hypospadias 462–463, 462f glomerulonephritis 459–460, 459b hemolytic-uremic syndrome 461, 461b nephrotic syndrome 460–461, 460f, 461b Renal findings, in liver dysfunction 633f Renal function studies 131 Renal insufficiency, metabolic acidosis with 114b Renal medications 788–797 anticholinergics 790, 790b antispasmodics 790, 790b cholinergics 790–791 fluoroquinolones 789b, 855 hematopoietic growth factors 792–793, 792b organ rejection prevention, medications for 791–792, 791b sulfonamides 789–790, 789b urinary tract analgesics 790, 790b urinary tract antiseptics 788, 789b Renal medulla 756 Renal problems 756–787 acute kidney injury 761–762, 761–762b benign prostatic hypertrophy 780–781, 781f bladder trauma 782 chronic kidney disease 762, 763–764b, 763t, 764f continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 771 cystitis 774–775, 774–775b epididymitis 780 glomerulonephritis 776 hemodialysis for 766–767, 769b hydronephrosis 777, 777f hyperplasia 780–781, 781f kidney transplantation for 772–774, 773f, 774b kidney tumors 779–780 nephrotic syndrome 776 2802 peritoneal dialysis 770–771, 770f, 771b polycystic kidney disease 776–777 prostatitis 780 pyelonephritis as 776 renal calculi 777–778, 778b risk factors for 757b uremic syndrome 766 ureteritis 776 urethritis 775 urinary tract infection 774–775, 774–775b urosepsis 1047 Renal system anatomy and physiology of 756–757 assessment of, in newborn 344 changes in, with aging 249 diagnostic tests for 757–760, 758t fluid volume deficit and excess findings in 97t hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia findings in 103t hyponatremia and hypernatremia findings in 101t interventions in spinal cord injury 1053 normal function values for 758b physiological maternal changes in 268 postoperative care of 199 Renal tube 1016 Renin 757 Renography 760 Reports of incident 66, 66b nurse’s responsibilities in 68 types of 79–80, 80b Repression defense mechanisms 923b Reproductive system 258–265 assessment of 165–166 changes in, with aging 249 2803 chronic kidney disease manifestations in 763b in cystic fibrosis 438–439 physiological maternal changes in 268–269 positioning clients in 209 Research consent 63b Resin uptake test, T3 and T4 580 Resistance, to change 78, 78b Respirations 122–123 of adolescent 237b assessment of 834b near-death physiological manifestations in 240 of newborn 232b, 340 in postpartum vital signs 326t of preschooler 235b of school-age child 237b of toddler 234b Respiratory acidosis 111–112, 112b, 113t, 115, 115t Respiratory alkalosis 112–113, 113b, 113t, 115, 115t Respiratory distress, in newborn 344 Respiratory distress syndrome 363 in newborn 349 Respiratory medications 678–694 anticholinergics 679–680, 679b antihistamines 681, 681b antitussives 682, 682b bronchodilators 678–679, 679b expectorants and mucolytic agents 682, 682b glucocorticoids 679b, 680 for influenza 688–690, 688b inhalation devices for 678, 679f inhaled nonsteroidal antiallergy agent 679b, 680 leukotriene modifiers 679b, 680 monoclonal antibody 680–681 multidrug-resistant strain of tuberculosis (MDR-TB) 683 2804 nasal decongestants 681–682, 681b opioid antagonists 682–683, 682b pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 690 for tuberculosis 683, 683b Respiratory problems 431–446 acute respiratory distress syndrome 1043 acute respiratory failure 1042 asthma 435–438, 436–437b bronchiolitis 433–434 bronchitis 433 carbon monoxide poisoning 1025, 1026t in children 436t cystic fibrosis 438–440, 439b, 439f epiglottitis 431–432, 432f foreign body aspiration 441, 441f laryngotracheobronchitis 432–433, 432b, 433t mechanical ventilation for 1038–1041, 1039f, 1040b, 1040t oxygen for 1035–1038, 1036–1037t, 1037b, 1037–1038f pneumonia 434–435 pneumothorax 1041, 1042b, 1042f respiratory syncytial virus 433–434, 434b smoke inhalation injury 1025, 1025b sudden infant death syndrome 440–441 Respiratory process 659 Respiratory rate 122–123 in Apgar scoring 341t in dehydration. pediatric 398t Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 433–434, 434b Respiratory system 658–677 acidosis manifestations in 113t acute respiratory distress syndrome 664 acute respiratory failure 663–664 alkalosis manifestations in 113t anaphylaxis manifestations in 901f 2805 anatomy and physiology of 658–659 assessment of, in newborn 344 asthma 664–666, 664f, 665b changes in, with aging 248 chest injuries in 662–663 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 666–667, 666–667f, 667b cystic fibrosis in 438 diagnostic tests in 659–662, 659b, 660f, 661b empyema 669 fluid volume deficit and excess findings in 97t histoplasmosis 670 hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia findings in 103t hypokalemia and hyperkalemia findings in 99t hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia findings in 104t hyponatremia and hypernatremia findings in 101t influenza 668 interventions in spinal cord injury 1053 Legionnaire’s disease 668–669 mechanical ventilation for 662 occupational lung disease 670–671 physiological maternal changes in 267–268, 268f pleural effusion 669 pleurisy 669 pneumonia 667–668 pneumothorax 662–663, 663b, 663f positioning clients in 211 postoperative care of 197–198 pulmonary embolism 669–670, 670b risk factors for 659b sarcoidosis 670 treatments for 662, 663b, 663f tuberculosis 671–673, 671b, 672t, 673b tubes for endotracheal 1016, 1018f 2806 tracheostomy 1019b, 1019f, 1020–1021t Respiratory therapist, roles of 79 Respondeat superior 59 Respondent conditioning, in behavior therapy 926, 926f Response, in disaster management 84 Responsibilities, professional 74–76 Restitution, in labor 306b Restlessness, in dying client 241b Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (RPC-IPAA) 638 Restraints 173–174, 174b for infant, with cleft lip and palate 408 seclusion and 967–968 Restrictive airway disorders, medications for 679b Resuscitation/emergent phase, for burn injury 1026–1027, 1026t Retina 799 Retinal detachment 212, 803–804, 804f Retinoids, for acne vulgaris 524b, 525 Retinopathy, of prematurity 350 Retraction(s), in epiglottitis 431, 432f Retropubic prostatectomy 550 Retrospective (“looking back”) audit 77 Rett syndrome 473 Reuptake inhibitors 979b Revascularization, transmyocardial 703 Reverse Trendelenburg’s position 210 Reward power 76b Reye’s syndrome 471 Rh antigens, in erythroblastosis fetalis 351f Rh factor, in antepartum diagnostic testing 272 Rheumatic fever 454, 454b, 454f Rheumatoid arthritis 881–882, 881b, 892f medications for 892–893, 892b, 892f Rheumatoid factor 881 Rhinitis, allergic 427 2807 Rho(D) immune globulin 351, 366 Rhonchi 159t Rib fracture 662, 1041 Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) 1055b Rickettsia rickettsii 494 Rifabutin 686 Rifampin 684–685 Rifapentine 686 Right atrium 696 Right ventricle 696 Right ventricular failure 715 Rimantadine 689t Rinne test 155 Risk factors in African Americans 42–43 in Alaska Natives 45 for alcohol misuse 955 in American Indians 45 in Asian American 45 in battered individuals 49 for cancer breast 542 cervical 540 endometrial 542 laryngeal 548 for eye disorders 801b, 808b in foster children 49–50, 50b in Hispanics/Latino 43–45 in homeless 47 in immigrants and refugees 51–52 in individuals with chronic illness 52 in individuals with mental illness 50 for integumentary system 508 in intellectually disabled individuals 48–49 2808 in LGBTQ population 46 in military veterans 51 for musculoskeletal system disorders 870b in Native Hawaiian 45 for osteoporosis 883b in Pacific Islander 45 in prisoners 51 for renal system disorders 757b in single parents 49 in socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and families 48 in victims of abuse or neglect 49 Risk management 66 Ritonavir 913 Rivaroxaban 737–738, 738b Rivastigmine 987 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 494 Rods and cones 799 Roles of health care team members 79 nurse’s in advance directives 67–68 in disaster planning 85, 85b in reporting 68 Romberg’s test 164 Rooting, in newborn 346 Roseola (exanthema subitum) 490, 490f Rotation, in labor 306b Rotator cuff injuries 872 Rotavirus 406 Rotavirus vaccine (RV) 230–231 RSV See Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Rubella in children 490–491 during pregnancy 291 2809 Rubella titer, in antepartum diagnostic testing 272–273 Rubella vaccine 273 for maternity and newborn medications 366 Rubeola (measles) 489–490, 490f Rubra 325 Rule of 9 for estimation, of burn percentage 1024f Run-Out-Of-Time (R.O.O.T) Rule 18 Rupture, of uterus, in labor and birth 321 Rupturing aneurysm 725 Russell’s traction 482, 874, 874f S Saccular aortic aneurysms 725 Sacral spine injuries 1052 interventions for 1055 Safe environment emergency response plan and disasters 176 environmental safety 171–174, 171b, 171t health care-associated (nosocomial) infections and 174–175 provision of 171–182 questions on examination associated with 4, 5b, 33 standard precautions in 175 transmission-based precautions in 175–176 warfare agents biological 176–178, 176–177f, 177b chemical 178 nurse’s role in exposure to 178–179 Safeguards, legal 66–67, 66–67b Safety accidents and 172, 172b adolescent 238 during ambulation 172 with antineoplastic medication administration 568 electrical 171–172 2810 falls and 172, 173b fire 171, 171t for health care worker 173b infant 233–234 infection control and, subcategories on examination 4, 4t newborn 347, 347b for poisons 174 positioning clients for 209–213 preschooler 236 radiation 172 for restraints 173–174, 174b school-age child 237 toddler 235 Safety needles 187 Salem sump tube 1011–1012, 1012f Salicylic acid for acne vulgaris 525 for psoriasis 523 Sandbags, for proper positioning 213b Saquinavir 913 Sarcoidosis 670 Sarcoma Kaposi’s 905–906 osteogenic 391–392 Sarcoptes scabiei 375 Sarin 178 Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination 2 Saunders Q&A Review Cards for the NCLEX-RN® Exam 2 Saunders Q&A Review for the NCLEX-RN® Examination 2 Saunders RN-Q&A Review for the NCLEX-RN® 24 Saunders RNtertainment for the NCLEX-RN® Exam 2 Saunders Strategies for Test Success: Passing Nursing School and the NCLEX® Exam 2 Savant 473 Scabies, in child 375–376, 375b, 375f 2811 Scalp, pediculosis capitis in 374 Scan bone 871 kidney 760 thyroid 580 Scarring, bum injury 1030 Scheduling appointment, for examination 15 changing of 15–16 Schemata, in Piaget’s theory, of cognitive development 219 Schizoid personality disorder 945 Schizophrenia 941–944, 942b, 942f, 944b risk factors in individuals with 50 Schizotypal personality disorder 945 School-age children developmental considerations for administering medications to 504b developmental stages of characteristics of 236 communication approaches in 228 hospitalized 227 vital signs of 237b growth and development of, Erikson’s theory of 220b, 220t nutrition and 139b Schultz-Charlton reaction 492 Schwann cells 831 SCLC See Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) Sclera 799 assessment of 154 Scleral buckling procedure 804, 804f Scleroderma 903 Sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral 846 Sclerotherapy 723 for esophageal varices 634, 1034 Scoliosis assessment of 162b 2812 in children, idiopathic 480 Scored tablets 185 Scorpion stings 511–512 Screening sickle cell 273 targeted 418 universal 418 Scrotum 258 assessment of 166 Sealed radiation implant 534–535b Seclusion, restraints and 967–968 Second-line medications, for tuberculosis 683b, 686–688 Secondary assessment, in emergency department 86 Secondary hypertension 728 Secretory phase, of menstrual cycle 259b Security, information 64–66, 65b Security devices 967–968 Sedation levels of 1055b management of 1055–1056 Sedative-hypnotics 983–984, 984b Seizures 839–841 disorders in children 468b, 471–472, 472b with eclampsia 289, 290b Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 978–979, 979b Self-examination breast 542, 543f testicular 166–167, 539, 539f Self-help 927b Self-irrigation of urinary stoma 554b Self-monitoring, of blood glucose level 591, 592b Self-neglect, in older adult 252 Semicircular canals 807 Semi-Fowler’s position 209, 211–212 2813 Semilunar valves 696 Semiprone position 210f Sengstaken-Blakemore tube 211, 1012f, 1015 Senses, changes in, with aging 249 Sensitivity testing, urinary 759 Sensorimotor stage, of cognitive development 219 Sensorineural hearing loss 155, 808, 808f Sensory function assessment of 165 near-death physiological manifestations in 240 Sensory neurons 831 Sensory system changes in older clients 172b positioning clients in 212 Separation anxiety in hospitalized adolescent 227–228 in hospitalized infant and toddler 226 in hospitalized preschooler 226–227 in hospitalized school-age child 227 Sepsis 1058, 1058b in newborn 352 as oncological emergencies 555, 1030–1031 Septal defect atrial 449, 449b ventricular 450 Septic shock 1057–1059 Septicemia, due to blood transfusion 1010–1011 Septicemic plague 177 Serosa 325 Serosanguineous exudate 515 Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) 979 Serum calcium 102 Serum creatinine 131, 758 Serum lipids 698 2814 Serum magnesium 103 Serum phosphorus 104 Serum potassium 98, 128–129 Serum sodium 100, 127–128 in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 555, 1031 Servant theory, of leadership and management 75b Settings for health and physical assessment 148 of pacemakers 710 Sexual abuse, child 970–971 Sexual assault, older adult 972 Sexual harassment 68 Sexual orientation 45 further questions based on 43b Sexual violence 969b Sexuality in early adulthood 238–239 in middle adulthood 238–239 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 463 pregnancy and 272–273, 273t, 293–295 Shaken baby syndrome 970, 970b Shared theory, of leadership and management 75b Sharps, disposal of 172 Shaving, of surgical site 194 Shingles 510 Shock 1056–1058 postoperative 200 postpartum 333–334, 334b spinal and neurogenic 1052b, 1053 stages of 1057 treatments for 1057–1058 types of 1056–1057 Shortness of breath, in pregnancy 271 Shoulder presentation, in labor and birth 304 2815 Shunt(ing) arteriovenous, for hemodialysis 767–768, 768f for esophageal varices 634, 634f, 1034, 1035f ventriculoperitoneal 837b, 1050b SIADH See Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) Sibilant wheeze 159t Sick day rules for diabetic child 402b Sickle cell anemia 380–381, 381b, 381f Sickle cell crisis 381b Sickle cell screening, in pregnancy 273 Side rails, for proper positioning 213b Side-lying position 210, 210f, 213 SIDS See Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) Sighs, in mechanical ventilation 1040t Silver sulfadiazine, for burn injury 526 Simple face mask 1035, 1036–1037t, 1037f Simple fracture 872b Simple partial seizure 840b Sims’ position 210f SIMV See Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) Single lumen urinary catheter 1016 Single parents, care for 49 Single-lumen tube, of tracheostomy 1019b Sinoatrial (SA) node 696 Sinus bradycardia 697, 705–706 Sinus rhythm, normal 705, 705–706f, 706b Sinus tachycardia 697, 706 Sinus venosus defect 449 Sinuses anatomy and physiology of 658 assessment of 156 Sirolimus 791, 914 Situational crisis 965b Situational leadership 75 2816 Skeletal muscle relaxants 890–891, 891b Skeletal muscles 870 Skeletal traction 873–874, 1054 Skills adolescent 238 infant 233b preschooler 236 school-age child 237 toddler 235 Skin anaphylaxis manifestations in 901f anthrax transmission and symptoms in 177b assessment of 151–152 of newborn 342, 342f care of, in dying client 241b changes in, with aging 248 color in Apgar scoring 341t characteristics of 152b cultured, for burn injury care 1029b in dehydration, pediatric 398t physiological maternal changes in 269 self-care with radiation therapy 534 Skin biopsy 509 Skin cancer 512–513, 513b Skin culture 509 Skin graft, positioning clients with 209 Skin sensor, insulin pump and 591 Skin tests 661, 661b in asthma 436b in immune disorders 899–900, 900f tuberculin, in pregnancy 273 Skin traction 874–875 Russell 482 2817 Skin turgor 152 Skull fractures 837b radiography of 831 Skull tongs 1054 Slander 61 Sleep patterns of adolescent 237 in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease 948 depression and 940b of infant 232 of school-age child 236 of toddler 234–235 Slit lamp 800 Slow-paced breathing, in labor and birth 307b Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) 547 Small for gestational age 348 Small intestine 622 Smallpox 177, 177f Smoke inhalation injury 1025, 1025b Snake bites 512 Snellen eye chart 153 SOAP notes 149–150t Social history 148 Social networks, confidentiality and information security and 65 Social worker, roles of 79 Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) 1055 Socioeconomic status (SES) 48 Socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and families, care for 47–48 Sodium cardiovascular testing of 699 diet for restricted intake of 141b, 142 food sources of 138b homeostasis of 757 2818 in hypernatremia 101–102, 101t in hyponatremia 100–101, 101t restriction of, in glomerulonephritis 459 Sodium bicarbonate 757 as antacids 650t metabolic alkalosis due to excess ingestion/infusion of 114b Soft diet 140–141 Soft palates 157 Solid tumor 531 Somogyi phenomenon 591 Sonorous wheeze 159t Special consents 63b Special populations assessment tool for 42, 43b battered individuals 49 care of 42–57 foster children 49–50, 50b groups of 42, 43b homeless 47, 48b immigrants and refugees 51–52 individuals with chronic illness 52 individuals with mental illness 50–51 intellectually disabled individuals 48–49 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals 45–47 military veterans 51 older adults 51, 51b prisoners 51 racial and ethnic minorities 42–45 single parents 49 socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and families 47–48 uninsured and underinsured individuals 48 victims of abuse or neglect 49 Special Populations Needs Assessment Tool 42, 43b Specific gravity 758–759 2819 Specimen collection, for arterial blood gases 114–115, 116b Speculum examination, of internal genitalia 166 Speech in differentiating delirium, depression, and dementia 250t in mental status exam 151 rehabilitation following laryngectomy 549b Speech therapist 79 Spider bites 511 Spikes, of pacemakers 710 Spina bifida occulta 472 Spinal accessory nerve 153, 163–164t Spinal block, for labor and birth 311 Spinal cord anatomy and physiology of 830–831 compression with cancer 555, 1031 transection 1051 Spinal cord injuries 1050–1051 assessment of 1052 autonomic dysreflexia in 1056b cervical 1052 interventions for 1053 lumbar 1052 medications for 1055 positioning clients with 213 sacral 1052 spinal and neurogenic shock in 1052b, 1053 surgical interventions for 1055 syndromes in incomplete injury 1051–1052, 1051f thoracic 1052 transection of cord in 1051 vertebrae involved in 1051 Spinal fusion 1055 Spinal nerves 831 Spinal shock 1052b, 1053 2820 Spine assessment of, in newborn 343 changes of, with aging 249f radiography of 831 Spiral (helical) computed tomography (CT) scan 661 Spiral fracture 872b Spirituality, mental health nursing and 921 Spirometry, incentive 195 Spironolactone, for acne vulgaris 526 Splenic Sequestration, in sickle cell crisis 381b Splenorenal shunt, distal, for esophageal varices 634f, 1035f Splint/splinting hand-wrist, for proper positioning 213b incision 195, 196f with Pavlik harness 478 Spongy bone 869 Sprains 872 Sputum cultures 672 Sputum specimen 659 Squamous cell carcinoma 513, 513b “Squint,” 424 SRS See Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) SSRIs See Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Stabilizers, mood 981–982, 981b Stable angina 713 Staffing, hospital 59 Staging of cancers 531 biopsy 532 Standard precautions 175 Standards of care 59 for client’s rights 62, 62b Stapes 807 Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant 2821 community-acquired, pediatric 494 integumentary 510–511 Startle reflex, in newborn 346 State Board of Nursing, Nevada 24 Station, in labor and birth 304 Stature changes, with aging 248, 249f Status asthmaticus 435 Statutory rape 972 Stavudine 912 Stem cell transplantation 387 Stenosis aortic 450, 719, 719t hypertrophic pyloric 410–411, 410f pulmonary 450 tracheal 1020–1021t Stents, coronary arteries 703 Stepping, in newborn 346–347 Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) 838, 1049 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 514–515, 789 Stillbirth 336 Stimulants central nervous system 859–860, 859b as laxatives 653, 653b Stimulation tests, of endocrine system 579–580 Stings and bites 511–512 Stoma care following laryngectomy 549b laryngectomy 548 urinary 554b Stomach analysis 624 anatomy and physiology of 622 cancer of 544–545, 545b resection of 628 2822 ulcers of 627, 628b Stool assessment of, in newborn 345 specimens, testing of 626 Stork bites 343t Strabismus 424 Strains 872 Strategic words, on examination 26, 28, 28b Strawberry mark 343t Strawberry tongue, in scarlet fever 492, 493f Strength, assessment of 162, 162t Streptococcus, group B, during pregnancy 291 Streptococcus pneumoniae 434 in meningitis 470 Streptomycin 688, 688b Stress adaptation to, in psychiatric-mental health illness 923 temperature and 121 Stress test cardiovascular 700 in angina 713 contraction 276b Stretch receptors 697 Striae gravidarum 269 Stroke 212, 841–843, 842f manifestation of 841–842b Study, plan for 20, 21b Study session, length of 20 Study time, quality 20–21 Subarachnoid (spinal) block, for labor and birth 311 Subarachnoid hemorrhage 837b Subclavian catheter 767, 1001f Subclavian vein, catheterization for parenteral nutrition 1002f, 1003 Subcutaneous injection, of parenteral medication 185, 186f 2823 in pediatric patient 500 Subcutaneous nodules, in rheumatic fever 454f Subdural hematoma 837b Subinvolution, postpartum 335 Subject, of question 28–29, 29b Sublabial transsphenoidal pituitary surgery 581–582 Sublimation defense mechanisms 923b Sublingual nitrates 744 Subluxation 878 developmental dysplasia of hip 478b Submersion injury 471 Substance use disorders 954–955, 954b, 957b in pregnancy 272 Substances, potentially nephrotoxic 761b Substitution defense mechanisms 923b Succinimides 859 Sucking, in newborn 346 Sucralfate 649 Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) 440–441 Sufentanil 363 Suicidal behavior 965–967, 966b assessment 966b Suicide, in older client 250 Sulfasalazine 893 Sulfonamides 789–790, 789b adverse effects of 915–916t Sulfur, for psoriasis 523 Sunscreens 522–523 Superego, in Freud’s theory, of psychosexual development 222 Superficial partial-thickness burn 1024, 1024f Superficial thrombophlebitis 336b Superficial-thickness burn 1023–1024 Superior vena cava syndrome 556, 1031–1032 Supine hypotension, in labor and birth 318–319 2824 Supine position 210f, 213 Supplemental oxygen delivery systems 1035–1038, 1036–1037t Supplies, for disaster preparedness 85b Support groups 927b Supportive level, in psychotherapy 926 Suppression defense mechanisms 923b Suppression tests, of endocrine system 579–580 Suprapubic prostatectomy 550 Surfactants lung 366–367 in respiratory distress syndrome 349 Surgery ambulatory 203–204, 203b appendectomy 412–413 bariatric 629, 630b, 630f for bladder cancer 552–554 for breast cancer 542, 543b for colorectal cancer 546 consent for 63b craniotomy 838–839, 839b, 1048–1049, 1049b for hydrocephalus 469 for idiopathic scoliosis 480 kidney transplantation 773f for laryngeal cancer 548 for lung cancer 547 for prostate cancer 550 for refractive errors 801 for spinal cord injury 1055 of ulcerative colitis 638–639 Surgical site postoperative care of 198 preoperative preparation 194 Suspected hypoglycemic reaction 592b Sutures, in newborn 341 2825 Swallowing reflex, in newborn 346 Swayback 162b Sweat chloride test, in cystic fibrosis 438, 439b Symbolization defense mechanisms 923b Sympatholytics, centrally acting 743, 743b Sympathomimetic bronchodilators 678 Synarthrosis 870t Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) 1038 in weaning 1041 Syncope, in pregnancy 269–270 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) 582–583 as oncological emergencies 555, 1031 Syndrome X 589 Syngeneic stem cell donor 535 Synovectomy 882 Synovial fluid 869 Synthetic materials, for burn injury 1029b Syphilis in newborn 352, 352f in pregnancy 272, 273t, 293–294 stages of 294b Syringe insulin 186–187, 187f 5-mL 186, 186f for parenteral medication administration 185 parts of 186f tuberculin 186, 186f Syringe pump 995–996 Systemic biological medications, for psoriasis 523b, 524 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) 1059, 1059–1060t Systemic lupus erythematosus 902–903 Systemic sclerosis 903 Systole 697 Systolic blood pressure, in preeclampsia 289t 2826 Systolic failure 715 Systolic pressure, in myocardial infarction 715 T T lymphocytes count 489t T-tube 631b T wave 699b Tablets 185 Tachycardia fetal 307 sinus 697, 706 ventricular 707, 707f Tachypnea, transient, of newborn 349–350 Tacrolimus 521, 521b, 858–859, 914 Tactile fremitus 157 Talipes calcaneus 479 Talipes equinus 479 Talipes valgus 479 Talipes varus 479 Tamoxifen citrate 571 Tamponade, cardiac 704, 718, 1045 Tarantula spider bite 511 Targeted therapy, for cancer 572 Taxanes 571b Tazarotene 523, 525 T-bar 1036–1037t, 1037, 1038f Teaching and Learning, as Integrated Process subcategories 6 Team, health care collaboration among 79–80 consultation with 80 rapid response 80 roles of 79 Team leader 74 Team nursing 74 2827 Tears, in dehydration, pediatric 398t Teeth, assessment of 156 TEF See Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) Telangiectatic nevi, as birthmark 343t Telephone prescription guidelines 66, 66b Telephone reports 80 Teletherapy 534, 534b Temperature 120–121, 121b of adolescent 237b in hyperthermia 837 in neurological assessment 833 of newborn 232b, 340 postoperative assessment of, in cardiac surgical unit 704, 1046 postoperative care of 198 in postpartum vital signs 326t of preschooler 235b of school-age child 237b of toddler 234b Temporal arteries palpation of 152 temperature measurement 121 Temporal lobe 831b Temporary pacemakers 710–711 Temporomandibular joint 152 Tenofovir 912 Tensilon test 845, 855 Terbutaline 362t Teriparatide 894 Test-taking strategies 2, 26–39, 26b avoiding reading into question 26–28, 27b for client needs 33–34, 34b elimination of comparable or alike options 34, 34b elimination of options containing close-ended words 34, 34b look for umbrella option 34, 35b 2828 for pharmacology questions 35–36, 35b for positive and negative event queries 29, 29–30b for prioritizing nursing actions questions 29–33, 30–33b, 30f strategic words and 28, 28b subject of question and 28–29, 29b using guidelines for delegating and assignment making 34–35 Testes anatomy and physiology of 579 cancer of 539–540, 539f metastatic 531b cryptorchidism of 462 Testicular self-examination (TSE) 166–167, 539, 539f Testing appointment 24–25 Testing centers 17–18, 24–25 Tet spell 451, 451b Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine 492 Tetany, signs of 588b Tetracyclines, adverse effects of 915–916t Tetralogy of Fallot 451 Thalamus 830 β-Thalassemia major 382–383, 382b The Joint Commission 2018 National Patient Safety Goals 173b abbreviations and documentation guidelines 67 rights of mentally ill policies 62 Theophylline 678 Theories, of leadership and management 75, 75b Therapeutic diets 140–143 carbohydrate-consistent 142 cardiac diet 141, 141b fat-restricted 142 high-calcium 143 high-calorie, high-protein 142 high-iron 143 2829 high-residue, high-fiber 141, 141b liquid diet clear 140 full 140 low-purine 143 low-residue, low-fiber 141 mechanical soft 140 potassium-modified 143 protein-restricted 142–143 renal 143, 143b sodium-restricted 141b, 142 soft 140–141 Thermal heat injury 1025–1026 Thermal regulatory system, assessment of, in newborn 345–346, 345f Thiazide diuretics 741, 741b Third-spacing 93 Thirst in dehydration, pediatric 398t measures to relieve 143b Thoracentesis 660, 660f for lung cancer 547 positioning clients in 211 Thoracic aneurysm 725 repair of 726 Thoracic spine injuries 1052 interventions for 1055 Thoracotomy 547 Thought processes abnormal, in schizophrenia 942–943, 942b altered in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease 948 depression and 940b in mental status exam 151b Threatened abortion 282b 2830 Throat assessment of 156–157 tonsillitis and adenoiditis 426–427 Thromboangiitis obliterans 725 Thromboembolism, in mechanical prosthetic valves 719 Thrombophlebitis 720 as complication, in intravenous therapy 998–1000t deep vein 720, 722b postoperative 200–201 postpartum 335–336, 336b Thrombopoietic growth factor 572b, 793 Thrombosis deep vein, positioning clients in 212 venous 720 Thyroid gland anatomy and physiology of 579 assessment of 153 disorders of 586–588, 586t, 587–588b, 587f Thyroid hormones, as endocrine medications 606, 606b Thyroid scan 580 Thyroid-stimulating hormone, diagnostic testing of 580 Thyroid storm 587, 588b, 607 Thyroidectomy 588 positioning client in 209–210 Thyrotoxicosis 587 Thyroxine diagnostic testing of 580 hypersecretion of 587 Tick bites, Rocky Mountain spotted fever due to 494, 494b Tidal volume, in mechanical ventilation 1040t Time management 82 Time-cycled ventilator 1038 Tinnitus 811 Tipranavir 913 2831 TIPS See Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) Tissue damage, due to intravenous therapy 998–1000t examination for cancer diagnosis 533 Tizanidine 891, 891b TMP-SMZ See Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) Tocolytics 361, 362t Toddler developmental considerations for administering medications to 504b developmental stages of characteristics of 234–235 communication approaches in 228 hospitalized 226 vital signs of 234b nutrition and 139b Toilet training 235, 235b Tomography 807 Tongs, skull 1054 Tongue assessment of 157 strawberry, in scarlet fever 492, 493f Tonic neck, in newborn 346 Tonic-clonic seizure 840b Tonometry 801 Tonsillectomy 426 Tonsillitis 426, 426f Topical anesthetics, ophthalmic 822 Topical antibiotics, for acne vulgaris 524b, 525 Topical glucocorticoids 521–523 Topical immunosuppressants, for dermatitis 521, 521b Topical ointments, nitrate 744–745 Topical retinoids, for acne vulgaris 524b, 525 Topoisomerase inhibitors 571, 571b Topotecan 571b 2832 TORCH infections, in newborn 352 Tort law 60b Total body fluid 93 Total care, nursing 74 Total hip replacement 213 Total knee replacement 878 Total proctocolectomy, with permanent ileostomy 639 Toxicity acetaminophen 419 acetylsalicylic acid 419 atropine 820–821 benzodiazepines 983 carbon monoxide 1025, 1026t citrate 1011 lithium 982 nephrotoxic substances 761b Toxoplasmosis, during pregnancy 290–291 T-piece 1036–1037t, 1037, 1038f in weaning 1041 Trace elements, in parenteral nutrition 1003 Trachea anatomy and physiology of 658 assessment of 153 Trachea-innominate artery fistula 1020–1021t Tracheal stenosis 1020–1021t Tracheal suctioning 1021b Tracheobronchitis 433 Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) 408–409, 409f, 1020–1021t Tracheomalacia 1020–1021t Tracheostomy 1018–1021 complications of 1020–1021t tubes for 1019b, 1019f Tracheostomy collar 1036–1037t, 1037, 1038f Traction 2833 balanced suspension 874–875, 874f for cervical spine 1054, 1054b for fractures 873, 874f in children 482 skeletal 873–874 skin 874–875 Trade name 184 Transactional theory, of leadership and management 75b Transcellular fluid 94f Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 125 Transcutaneous pacing, noninvasive 710 Transdermal patch, nitrate 744 Transesophageal echocardiography 700 Transfer reports 80, 80b Transformational theory, of leadership and management 75b Transfusion reactions 1008–1010, 1010b Transient tachypnea, of newborn 349–350 Transition phase, of labor 309–310, 309t Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) 634, 1034, 1035f Translingual medications, nitrate 744 Transmyocardial revascularization 703 Transplantation bone marrow 535 client’s rights and 62–63 heart 705 immunodeficiency after 906 kidney 772–774, 773f, 774b peripheral blood stem cell 535 religious beliefs regarding 63 Transposition of great arteries/vessels 452 Transurethral resection of bladder tumor 552 Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) 550 Transvenous pacing, invasive 710 Transverse fracture 872b 2834 Transverse lie, in labor and birth 304, 305f Trapeze bar, for proper positioning 213b Trauma birth 341 of bladder 782 in ear disorders 812–813 spinal cord 1050–1051 Traumatic head injury 837–839, 1047, 1048b description of 837 types of 837b Treadmill testing 700 Trendelenburg test 723 Trendelenburg’s position 211 reverse 210 Trendelenburg’s sign 478, 479f Treponema pallidum 293 Tretinoin 525 Triage 85–86, 85–86b Trichomoniasis, in pregnancy 272, 273t, 294 Tricuspid atresia 451 Tricuspid valve 696 disorders of 719t Tricyclic antidepressants 979–980, 979b Trigeminal nerve 163–164t Trigeminal neuralgia 845–846 Triiodothyronine diagnostic testing of 580 hypersecretion of 587 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) 789, 789b Triple lumen urinary catheter 1016 Triple therapy, for Helicobacter pylori infection 651, 651b Tripod positioning 431 Trochanter rolls, for proper positioning 213b Trochlear nerve 163–164t 2835 Troponin 698 in angina 713 in myocardial infarction 714 Trousseau’s sign 103f, 588 True labor 306, 306b True pelvis 258 Truncus arteriosus 452 TSE See Testicular self-examination (TSE) TST See Tuberculin skin test (TST) Tubal ectopic pregnancy 284, 285f Tube(s) 1013b chest 1021–1023, 1022f endotracheal 1016, 1018f esophageal 1015 gastric 1015 gastrointestinal 1012–1014 gastrostomy administering medications via 1014b for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula 409 intestinal 1014–1015 jejunostomy 1014b lavage 1015 Levin 1011, 1012f nasogastric 211, 1011, 1012f, 1013–1014b respiratory system 1016–1018 Salem sump 1011–1012, 1012f tracheostomy 1018–1021, 1019b, 1019f, 1020–1021t urinary and renal 1016 Tube dislodgment, of tracheostomy 1020–1021t Tube feedings gastrointestinal 1012–1014 positioning clients for 211 Tube obstruction, of tracheostomy 1020–1021t Tuberculin skin test (TST) 442, 442b, 672, 672t 2836 in pregnancy 273 Tuberculin syringe 186, 186f Tuberculosis 671–673, 671b, 672t, 673b in children 442–443 medications for 683, 683b in pregnancy 295 Tubing for blood products administration 1009b intravenous 994–995, 994–995f flow rates and 188 Tubules 756 Tularemia 177–178 Tumor(s) brain, pediatric 392–393 grading and staging of 531 intestinal 545–547 neuroblastoma 391 solid 531 Wilms’ 390–391 Tumor lysis syndrome 556, 1032 Tumor marker, in ovarian cancer 541 Tuning fork tests, for hearing assessment 155 Tunneled central venous catheters 1000–1001, 1002f Turner’s sign 637 TURP See Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Tympanic cavity 807 Tympanic measurement, of temperature 121 Tympanic membrane assessment of 156 injury to 813 Type 1 diabetes mellitus 589 Type 2 diabetes mellitus 589 medications for 610–612, 611t Tyramine 981, 981b, 981f 2837 U U wave 699b Ulcerative colitis 638–639, 639b Ulcers duodenal 628b, 629 gastric 627–629, 628b peptic 627–629, 628b, 628f pressure 515, 516b Ultrasound bladder 759 endoscopic, gastrointestinal 625 ocular 801 in pregnancy 274 quantitative, for bone mineral density measurement 871 Umbilical blood sampling, percutaneous 274 Umbilical cord assessment of, in newborn 343 in fetal circulation 261, 262f prolapsed, in labor and birth 318, 319f Umbilical hernia 415 Umbrella option 34, 35b Uncircumcised newborn 348 Unconscious client 835, 836b Undoing defense mechanisms 923b Unfreezing, in change process 78, 78f Uniform Anatomical Gift Act 62 Unilateral neglect 843 Uninsured and underinsured individuals, care for 48 Unit, in drug measurement 183 Unit dosage per hour, infusion prescribed by 188, 188b 100-unit insulin syringe 186, 187f Unplanned change 78 Unstable angina 713 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 624 2838 Upper gastrointestinal tract study 623 Upper respiratory airway 658 Urea breath test 626 Urea nitrogen 758 Uremic syndrome 766 Ureteral tube 1015f, 1016 Ureteritis 776 Ureterolithotomy 779 Ureterostomy 553–554 Urethral orifice, epispadias and hypospadias of 462 Urethritis 775 Urinalysis 758, 758t in pregnancy 274 Urinary catheters 1016, 1017b Urinary diversion, for bladder cancer 552, 553f Urinary elimination, in dying client 241b Urinary retention, postoperative 201 Urinary tract antiseptics 788, 789b bladder, as radiation therapy side effect 390t chronic kidney disease manifestations in 763b physiological maternal changes of, in postpartum period 325 Urinary tract infection 209, 774–775, 774–775b in pregnancy 295–296 Urinary urgency and frequency, in pregnancy 270 Urine culture and sensitivity testing 759 24-hour collection of 758 production of 756 Urine culture, in pregnancy 274 Urine output in acute kidney injury 761 in cardiogenic shock 1043 postoperative 199 2839 in preeclampsia 289t Urine specific gravity 758–759 in dehydration, pediatric 398t Urine testing, in diabetes mellitus 591 pediatric 401 Urography, intravenous 759–760 Urolithiasis 777 Urosepsis 1047 Uterine activity, suppressing, tocolytics in 361, 362t Uterine atony, postpartum 333, 334f Uterine contractions, in labor and birth 304 Uterus 258 cancer of 542 changes in, during menstrual cycle 259b inversion of, in labor and birth 321 involution of, in postpartum period 325, 326f physiological maternal changes in 268 rupture of, in labor and birth 321 subinvolution of, in postpartum period 335 Uveal tract 799 Uvula 157 V Vaccine hepatitis A 635 hepatitis B 636 for newborn 367 for influenza 688–689 pneumococcal conjugate 690 reactions to 232 rubella for maternity and newborn medications 366 pregnancy and 273 Vacuum extraction, in labor and birth 313 2840 Vagal maneuvers 708 Vagina 258 physiological maternal changes of 268 in postpartum period 325 Vaginal candidiasis, during pregnancy 295 Vaginal discharge, in pregnancy 270 Vaginal procedure, positioning clients in 209 Vaginal ring 368 Vaginosis, bacterial, during pregnancy 295 Vagotomy 628 Vagus nerve 163–164t Valproates 859 Valproic acid 859 Valsalva maneuver 708 Valuables, safeguarding of client’s 66 Values 58 Values clarification 58 Valves, heart, anatomy and physiology of 696 Valvotomy 719 Valvular heart disease 718–720, 719t, 720b Valvuloplasty, balloon 719 Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 24-hour urine collection for 580–581 Variability, in fetal heart rate 307, 307b Variable decelerations, in fetal heart rate 308, 308f Variant angina 713 Variceal ligation, endoscopic, esophageal 634, 1034 Varicella (chickenpox) 491, 491f vaccine 231 Varicose veins 723 positioning clients with 212 in pregnancy 270 Vascular access port, for intravenous therapy 1001, 1001f Vascular system anatomy and physiology of 698 2841 disorders of 720–723, 722b peripheral, assessment of 160, 161b Vaso-occlusive crisis, in sickle cell anemia 381b Vasodilation, causes of 1057 Vasodilators direct-acting, arteriolar 746–747, 746b miscellaneous 747 peripheral 746, 746b Vasogenic shock 1056 Vastus lateralis muscle, pediatric injection in 502f, 502t Vegan and vegetarian diets 144, 276–277 Vein stripping, for varicose veins 723 Veins anatomy and physiology of 698 varicose positioning clients with 212 in pregnancy 270 Vena cava filter 727, 727f Vena cava syndrome, in labor and birth 318–319 Veno-occlusive disease, hepatic 536 Venous insufficiency 722–723 positioning clients with 212 Venous thrombosis 720 Vented tubing 994–995 Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) lung scan 661 Ventilator alarms, causes of 1040b Ventilators, mechanical, respiratory alkalosis due to overventilation by 113b Ventricles of brain 831 of heart 696 Ventricular contractions, premature 706–707, 707b, 707f Ventricular fibrillation 707–708, 708f, 1044–1045 Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 450 Ventricular tachycardia 707, 707f, 1044–1045 2842 Ventriculoatrial shunt, for hydrocephalus 469 Ventriculoperitoneal shunt 837b, 1050b for hydrocephalus 469, 470f Ventrogluteal muscle, pediatric injection in 502t Venturi mask 1035, 1036–1037t, 1037f Venules 698 Veracity 58b Vernix caseosa, in newborn 342 Vertical lie, in labor and birth 304, 305f Vesicostomy 554 Vestibular assessment 156b Vestibulocochlear nerve 163–164t Video questions 9–11, 12f Vinca alkaloids 570–571, 571b Vincristine 571 Violence 967 assessment questions for 969b cycle of 968f family 968–969 types of 969b Viral carcinogen 532 Viral hepatitis, in pregnancy 272 Viral infection encephalitis 846–847 meningitis 470 pneumonia 434 respiratory syncytial virus 433 Visa 19 VisaScreen 19 Visceral pericardium 696 Vision, assessment of 153 Vital signs 120, 120b of adolescent 237b guidelines for measuring 120 2843 in health and physical assessment 151 of neurological system 163 of newborn 340 of preschooler 235b of school-age child 237b of toddler 232b, 234b Vitamin B12 deficiency 557, 629 Vitamin D for osteoporosis 893 supplementation of, for infant 232–233 Vitamin K, for newborn 367 Vitamins 137 food sources of 138b in parenteral nutrition 1003 Vitreous 799 Vitreous body 799 Vocal fremitus 157 Voice sounds 158, 160b Voice (whisper) test, for hearing assessment 155 Volume-cycled ventilator 1038 Volume per hour 188 Voluntary admission 924 Vomiting in children 406 as complication, of gastrointestinal tube feedings 1014 in dying client 241b in hyperemesis gravidarum 287 metabolic alkalosis due to 114b in pregnancy 268–269 as radiation therapy side effect 390t von Willebrand’s disease 382 VSD See Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Vulvar hematoma 333, 334f 2844 W Walkers 877 Walking, in newborn 346–347 Wandering, in dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease 947 Warfare agents biological 176–178, 176–177f, 177b chemical 178 nurse’s role in exposure to 178–179 Warfarin sodium 738, 738b Warming, of blood before blood transfusion 1008 Wasp sting 512 Wastes, disposal of infectious 172 Watch test, for hearing assessment 155 Water homeostasis of 756–757 intoxication 98 in parenteral nutrition 1004 Water-soluble vitamins 137, 138b Weakness, in dying client 241b Weaning 1040 Weber test 155 Wedge pillow, for proper positioning 213b Weight of adolescent 237 calculating pediatric dosages by 502, 502b of infant 232 of newborn 341 percentage of body fluid 93 of preschooler 235 of school-age child 236 of toddler 234 Weight gain, during pregnancy 276 Weight loss in dehydration, pediatric 398t 2845 in labor 306 in newborn 344 Weighted flexible feeding tube with stylet 1012f West Nile virus infection 847 West nomogram, for estimation of body surface area in infants and children 503f Western blot 489t Wheeze 159t Whipple procedure 545, 545f Whispered pectoriloquy 160b White blood cell (WBC) count 131–132, 698 in myocardial infarction 714 White blood cells (WBCs), leukemia and 387 Whiteheads 514 Whooping cough 491–492 Wilms’ tumor 390–391 Withdrawal alcohol 956–957 benzodiazepine 956 nursing care 959b Withdrawal delirium 956, 956b Wood’s light examination 509 Wound care in burn injury 1029–1030 culture of 509 drainage from 509 postoperative care of 198 postoperative dehiscence and evisceration 202–203, 203b, 203f postoperative infection of 201–202, 202b Wound dressing materials used for 517t types of 517t Wound healing complications of 203f phases of 508–509 2846 X Xenograft, for burn injury care 1029b Y Yeast infection 509 Yersinia pestis 177 Z Zanamivir 689t Zidovudine 286, 912 Zinc, food sources of 138b 2847
