EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
GRADE 11
QUARTER1_W1_D1
OBJECTIVE: RECOGNIZE THE UNIQUENESS
OF THE EARTH, BEING THE ONLY PLANET IN
THE SOLAR SYSTEM WITH PROPERTIES
NECESSARY TO SUPPORT LIFE
WHAT MAKES EARTH SO PERFECT FOR LIFE FORMS?
• THE FIRST THINGS CAME UP IN OUR MIND THAT A
TERRESTRIAL PLANET WHERE ALL FORMS OF LIFE:
FROM BASIC LIVING MICRO-ORGANISMS TO HIGHLY
SOPHISTICATED AND INTELLIGENT HUMAN BEINGS
EXISTS. IN THIS WRITE-UP, WE DISCUSSED THE
FACTORS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EXISTING
LIFE ON THE EARTH.
DISTANCE
OF EARTH
FROM THE
SUN
• THE EARTH AND THE SUN ARE
EQUALLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE
WITHOUT THE SUN'S HEAT AND
LIGHT, THE EARTH WOULD BE A
LIFELESS BALL OF ICE-COATED
ROCKS. IT REGULATES THE
TEMPERATURE OF WATER
BODIES, WEATHER PATTERNS
AND PROVIDES ENERGY TO THE
GROWTH OF PLANTS.
EARTH’S
ATMOSPHERE
EARTH’S
ATMOSPHERE
• IT IS THE LAYERS OF GASES
SURROUNDING THE EARTH THAT
CONSISTS OF EXOSPHERE,
THERMOSPHERE, MESOSPHERE,
STRATOSPHERE AND
TROPOSPHERE. THE AIR CONTENT
AND FAVOURABLE ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE ALSO SUPPORTED LIFE
OF MOST CREATURES.
CLIMATIC CONDITION
• THE EARTH HAS A SUITABLE CLIMATE
FOR THE EXISTENCE OF ALL FORMS OF
LIFE BECAUSE OF MODERATE AMOUNT
OF CARBON DIOXIDE, WHICH IS THE
DRIVING FACTOR FOR THE SURVIVAL
OF LIFE FORMS. THE TEMPERATURE OF
PLANET MERCURY RANGES FROM
200°C BELOW FREEZING TO 375°C
ABOVE. AT 375°C, THE WATER WOULD
ONLY EXIST AS A GAS, AND THE
PLANET WOULD BE COMPLETELY DRY.
WATER
• WATER IS VERY IMPORTANT
FOR LIFE BECAUSE IT
CONTAINS THE OXYGEN
NEEDED FOR LIFE AND
ALLOWS LIFE-PROVIDING
MOLECULES TO MOVE
AROUND EASILY. IT
CONTINUALLY CHANGES ITS
FORM THROUGH THE WATER
CYCLE. THE PROCESS BY
WHICH WATER CONTINUALLY
CHANGES ITS FORM AND
CIRCULATES BETWEEN
OCEANS, ATMOSPHERE AND
LAND IS KNOWN AS THE
WATER CYCLE.
GRAVITY
• THE SUN'S GRAVITATIONAL PULL
KEEPS OUR PLANET ORBITING
THE SUN AND THE EARTH
FIRMLY HOLD EVERYTHING
FROM TOPOGRAPHY TO ALL
FORMS OF LIFE THROUGH ITS
GRAVITATIONAL PULL. THE
FORCE OF GRAVITY DOES NOT
JUST KEEP US ANCHORED TO
THE GROUND, BUT ALSO
AFFECTS OUR BIOLOGICAL
SYSTEM.
ANSWER PRAC EXEC 2
ANSWER THE EVALUATION
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
GRADE 11
QUARTER1_W1_D2
OBJECTIVE
EXPLAIN THAT THE EARTH CONSISTS OF FOUR
SUBSYSTEMS, ACROSS WHOSE BOUNDARIES
MATTER AND ENERGY FLOW.
GEOSPHERE
THE SOLID PORTION OF THE EARTH
THAT INCLUDES INTERIOR STRUCTURE.
ATMOSPHERE: VOLCANISM SPEWS SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF
GASES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. FOR EXAMPLE, VOLCANOES
INJECT LARGE AMOUNTS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE TO THE
UPPER ATMOSPHERE, RESULTING IN GLOBAL COOLING.
HYDROSPHERE: THE FORMATION OF MANY MINERALS
INVOLVE INCORPORATION OR RELEASE OF WATER. ALSO,
WATER SPEEDS UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT PRODUCE
OR DESTROY MINERALS, AND AIDS IN THE MELTING OF ROCK.
BIOSPHERE: NUTRIENTS RELEASED FROM ROCKS DURING
THEIR BREAKDOWN ARE DISSOLVED IN WATER (TO BE USED
BY AQUATIC PLANTS).
HOW GEOSPHERE
INTERACTS WITH
OTHER SUBSYSTEM
ATMOSPHERE
THE LAYERS OF GASES SURROUNDING A
PLANET OR OTHER CELESTIAL BODY.
HYDROSPHERE: THE GASES OF THE
ATMOSPHERE READILY EXCHANGE WITH THOSE
DISSOLVED IN WATER BODIES (E.G. OCEANS,
LAKES, ETC.)
BIOSPHERE: THE ATMOSPHERE SUPPLIES
OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE THAT FORM THE
BASIS OF LIFE PROCESSES (PHOTOSYNTHESIS
AND RESPIRATION).
GEOSPHERE: GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
REACT WITH WATER TO PRODUCE WEAK ACIDS
THAT AID IN THE BREAKDOWN OF ROCK.
BIOSPHERE
THE LIFE ZONE
 ATMOSPHERE: LIFE PROCESSES INVOLVE A MANY CHEMICAL
REACTIONS WHICH EITHER EXTRACT OR EMIT GASES TO AND FROM
THE ATMOSPHERE (E.G. PHOTOSYNTHESIS CONSUMES CARBON
DIOXIDE AND RELEASES OXYGEN, WHEREAS RESPIRATION DOES THE
OPPOSITE).
 HYDROSPHERE: EVAPORATION OF WATER FROM LEAF SURFACES
(TRANSPIRATION) TRANSFERS WATER TO THE ATMOSPHERE.
• GEOSPHERE: THE BIOSPHERE IS CONNECTED TO THE GEOSPHERE THROUGH
SOILS (MIXTURES OF AIR, MINERAL MATTER, ORGANIC MATTER, AND WATER).
PLANT ACTIVITY (E.G. ROOT GROWTH AND ORGANIC ACID PRODUCTION) ARE
ALSO FOR THE MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF THE ROCKS.
HYDROSPHERE
CONTAINS ALL THE WATER FOUND ON OUR PLANET. ONLY ABOUT 3%
OF THE WATER ON EARTH IS “FRESH” WATER, AND ABOUT 70% OF THE
FRESH
WATER IS FROZEN IN THE FORM OF GLACIAL ICE.
 ATMOSPHERE: WATER IS TRANSFERRED BETWEEN THE HYDROSPHERE AND
BIOSPHERE BY EVAPORATION
• AND PRECIPITATION. ENERGY IS ALSO EXCHANGED IN THIS PROCESS.
BIOSPHERE: WATER IS NECESSARY FOR THE TRANSPORT OF NUTRIENTS AND
WASTE PRODUCTS IN ORGANISMS
 GEOSPHERE: WATER IS THE PRIMARY AGENT FOR
• THE CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL BREAKDOWN OF ROCK
• (WEATHERING), TO FORM LOOSE ROCK FRAGMENTS AND SOIL, AND SCULPTS
THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH.
ANSWER THIS
ANSWER MULTIPLE CHOICE EVALUATION PART
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
GRADE 11
QUARTER1_W1_D3
MINERALS AND ROCKS
OBJECTIVE : IDENTIFY COMMON ROCK-FORMING MINERALS USING
THEIR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PRORPERTIES OF
MINERALS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Element
Element + Element + Element + Element + Element + Element +
SiO4
O2
SO4
S2
CO3
Halogens
Native
Silicate
Oxide
Sulfate
Sulfide
Carbonate Halide
Gold
Quartz
Hematite
Gypsum
Pyrite
Calcite
Chlorine
Bismuth
Olivine
Magnetite Barite
Galena
Dolomite
Fluorine
Diamond
Talc
Chromite
Anhydrite Bornite
Malachite Halite
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
GRADE 11
QUARTER1_W1_D4
ROCK TYPES
• OBJECTIVE: STUDENTS MAY BE ABLED CLASSIFY
ROCKS INTO IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, AND
METAMORPHIC
IGNEOUS
• FORMS WHEN MOLTEN ROCK (MAGMA)
COOLS AND HARDENS
• CLASSIFIED BY WHERE THEY FORM AND
CRYSTAL (GRAIN SIZE)
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• SEDIMENTARY ROCK: FORMS FROM THE COMPACTION AND/OR CEMENTATION
OF SEDIMENTS
• THIS PROCESS IS CALLED LITHIFICATION
• SEDIMENTS ARE:
– ROCK PIECES
– MINERAL GRAINS
– SHELL FRAGMENTS
 SEDIMENTARY ROCK CAN ALSO FORM FROM THE CHEMICAL
DEPOSITING OF MATERIALS THAT WERE ONCE DISSOLVED IN
WATER
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
• METAMORPHIC ROCK:
FORMS WHEN ANY ROCK TYPE
IS CHANGED INTO A
DIFFERENT KIND OF ROCK
• CHANGES DUE TO GREAT HEAT AND/OR
PRESSURE
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING