Section 1: General Physics average speed = a= (v − u) t mass density = volume W=m×g 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞 = 𝐬𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 × 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐅=𝐤 × 𝐱 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞 = 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 × 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐅=𝐦 × 𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐦 = 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 × 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐩= 𝐦×𝐯 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐬𝐞 = 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐦 𝑭𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗 − 𝒎𝒖 𝟏 × 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 × 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 × 𝐦 × 𝐯𝟐 𝟐 𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 = 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 × 𝐠 × 𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐄𝑷 = 𝐦 × 𝐠 × ∆𝐡 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎% 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 = 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 = 𝐏= 𝐖 𝐭 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐝𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐝 = 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧 or 𝐏 = 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎% 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭 pressure = 𝐧= 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐢 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐫 Section 5: Nucleus Section 5 requires knowledge of nuclear equations for alpha, beta and gamma decay but does not require memorization of equations for calculations. 𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐂 = 𝐧 C is the critical angle Section 4: Electricity and Magnetism ∆𝐄 𝐭 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞 = 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 × 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐩=𝐡×𝛒×𝐠 m V weight = mass × gravitational field strength 𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 = energy transferred = work done 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐱, 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 = 𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 × 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 × 𝐠 ρ= 𝐄𝑲 = 𝐖 = 𝐅 × 𝐝 = ∆𝐄 total distance total time taken 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐝𝐨𝐧𝐞 = 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞 × 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐐= 𝐈×𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 = 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 × 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 force area 𝐏=𝐈×𝐕 p= 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 × 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 F A 𝐸 =𝑄×𝑉 Equation given in exam: moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot Section 2: Thermal Physics Not in specification but helps define potential difference or voltage 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐝 = 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 × 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 × 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 × 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 = 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐄= 𝐈×𝐕×𝐭 𝐩𝟏 × 𝐕𝟏 = 𝐩𝟐 × 𝐕𝟐 voltage = current × resistance 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 × 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 = 𝐦 × 𝐜 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 = 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 × 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 × 𝐓𝐞𝐦𝐩 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 ∆𝐄 = 𝐦 × 𝐜 × ∆𝐓 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 = 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 × 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭 IGCSE CIE Physics Equations for Coordinated Science Physics or Physics only. Equations in bold text are extended material only. V=I×R For series resistors, R Total = R1 + R 2 + ⋯ 𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐥 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬, 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 = + +⋯ 𝐑 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐑 𝟏 𝐑 𝟐 input (primary)voltage primary turns = output (secondary)voltage secondary turns VP NP = VS NS ∆𝐄 = 𝐦 × 𝐥 Section 3: Properties of Waves including Light and Sound 𝐢𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 = 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 = 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 × 𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡 𝐕𝐏 × 𝐈𝐏 = 𝐕𝐒 × 𝐈𝐒 for 100% efficiency 𝐯=𝐟×𝛌 angle of incidence = angle of reflection Physics-tutor.co.uk facebook.com/sam.physics.tutor sam@physics-tutor.co.uk