Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER
ENERGY AUDIT AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT - AN OVERVIEW
Abisha Raju A*, Ani Prabha A*, Babitha Joyce*, Jeffrin Nivya V*, Abragam Siyon Sing M**
*Final Year, **Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
St. Xavier‟s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, India
Abstract - Energy Audit is the key to a methodical approach for decision-making in the area of energy
management. The energy management is necessary for procurement and utilization of energy through optimum
management, throughout the area. Energy Management and Energy Audit is conducted to save money by saving
the energy for different sort of industries, institution, hospitals, domestic areas, etc., under the recommendations
given by the energy audit team. These management and audit teams find out the areas, where there is wastage of
electricity and implements the effective and proper use of energy. Through efficient energy management and
auditing methods, environment can be protected; energy and money can be saved without affecting the natural
and quality ongoing work in any sectors. This paper briefly describes about importance of energy audit and
energy management in and around our place of living.
Keywords - energy management, energy audit, energy conservation, environment, electricity.
INTRODUCTION
Energy is one of the key inputs for the economic growth of any country [1]. Energy is the strength and
vitality essential for continuous physical or mental activity. Energy is the power derived from the consumption
of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines. The property of
matter and radiation which is manifest as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction
of molecules). Energy is the ability to do work. Energy comes in different forms such as Heat (thermal), Light
(radiant), Motion (kinetic), Electrical, Chemical, Nuclear energy, Gravitational.
Electrical utilities are becoming more and more stressed since existing transmission and distribution
system are facing their operation constrains with growing load. Now a days human life cannot be imagined
without electricity, saving energy means decreasing the amount of energy used while achieving a similar
outcomes of end use, because we know we are having limited amount of energy resources in earth to generate
electrical power. Energy demands and costs are increased over time. Increasing usage of energy-intensive
products and services directly disturbs the greenhouse-gas emissions and climate change [2].
To prevent our living earth from global warming, it is utmost importance to optimize the energy usage
in our home, offices, industries, institutions and other organizations. To save electrical energy and resources for
our future, energy audit is introduced. An energy audit can be simply defined as a process of evaluating a
building for the usage of electricity and identifying the opportunities to reduce consumption.
An energy audit is a systematic approach that analyses the power flow and provides suggestions for
reducing the wastage of power. It is an inspection, review and study of energy flows, for energy conservation in
a building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without affecting the usual
works and its output [3]. In commercial and industrial real estate, an energy audit is the first step in identifying
opportunities to reduce energy expense and carbon footprints.
Energy management includes efficient planning and operation of energy production and energy
consumption units. The Objectives of energy management are resource conservation, climate protection and cost
saving and energy saving while the users have permanent access to the energy they need. It is connected closely
to environmental management, production management, logistics and other established business functions.
Energy management is the proactive, organized and systematic coordination of procurement, conversion,
distribution and use of energy to meet the requirements taking into account environmental and economic
objectives.
NEED FOR ENERGY AUDIT AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT
In any industry, the top three operating expenses are energy, labour and minerals. Among the three,
energy ranks the top place, where there is an enormous amount of energy is required and also more expense will
be there and hence there is a need for managing the energy. Energy Audit will analyse the energy consumption
Electroniccopy
copy available
available at:
Electronic
at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER
thereby providing a path to identify the areas, where wastage of energy occurs and provide the scope for
reducing the wastage.
The Energy Audit would give a positive orientation to the energy cost reduction, preventive
maintenance and quality control programmes which are vital for production and utility activities. Such an audit
programme will help to keep focus on variations which occur in the energy costs, availability and reliability of
supply of energy, identifying energy conservation technologies etc. In general, Energy Audit is the translation of
conservation ideas into realities, by lending technically feasible solutions with economic and other
organizational considerations within a specified time frame. The primary objective of Energy Audit is to
determine ways to reduce energy consumption per unit of product output or to lower operating cost.
Energy Management includes planning and operation of energy production and energy consumption
units. Objectives are resource conservation, climate protection and cost savings, while the users have permanent
access to the energy they need. It is connected closely to environmental management, protection management
and other established functions.
The objective of Energy Management is to achieve and maintain optimum energy procurement and
utilization throughout the organization.
 To minimize energy codes or waste without affecting production and quality
 To minimize environmental effects
IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY AUDIT IN HOME
An energy audit is an analysis of a facility, indicating how and where that facility can reduce energy
consumption and save energy costs. Its insight to energy efficiency and conservation can lead to significant
saving on the company‟s utility bill.
As per the energy conservation act 2001, energy audit is defined as “ The verification, monitoring and
analysis of use of energy including submission of technical report containing recommendations for improving
energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption” Implementation
of recommended measures can help consumes to achieve significant reduction in their energy consumption
levels.
In India, energy audit doesn‟t gain much value as much in other countries people are focusing. Even
though Government is doing multiple projects to increase the overall efficiency but still most of people don‟t
know about it and thought that it is an unnecessary and ineffective thing to do, and that‟s not the truth. In fact,
energy audits are first and foremost step to increase the energy efficiency of our living place and save more
money than invested.
Energy audits make the necessary benefits of:
 Lower Electricity Bills - guaranteed advantage you will get is in your electricity bill. Most of
improvement‟s payback time is very less for themselves i.e.
 Make an impact on our Environment - Energy audits are environment-friendly. When our
home consumes less energy, you are reducing your carbon footprint and helping to decrease
unnecessary waste and pollution.
TYPES OF ENERGY AUDIT
The type of Energy Audit to be performed depends on function and type of industry, depth to which
final audit is needed, potential and magnitude of cost reduction desired.
Thus energy audit can be classified into the following types
 Preliminary Audit
 Detailed Audit (comprehensive)
 Targeted audit on energy systems
 Walk through audit
 Audits for investment in energy conservation technologies
Preliminary energy audit is a relatively quick exercise to:
 Establish energy consumption in the organization
Electroniccopy
copy available
available at:
Electronic
at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER





Estimate the scope for saving
Identify the most likely (and the easiest areas for attention)
Identify immediate improvements / savings
Set a „reference point‟
Identify areas for more detailed study/ measurements
Preliminary energy audit uses existing, or easily obtained data. A comprehensive Energy Audit
provides a detailed energy project implementation plan for a facility, since it evaluates all major energy using
systems. The comprehensive audit is quite exhaustive, and it is convenient to split it into following sub parts:
 Overall system audit
 Functional audit
 Utility audit
 Modernization audit
ENERGY AUDIT METHODOLOGY
Fig. Energy Audit methodology
Effective Energy audit is a process that consists of four steps:
Step 1. Identify all the Opportunities
Step 2. Prioritize the activities rationally
Step 3. Accomplish the activities successfully
Step 4. Maintain the activities throughout the life of the facility
By using these simple steps the scopes of works and the available resources for conducting the energy audit
should be determined.
 Know your client / organization
 Audit planning and strategy
 Fieldwork and analysis
 Exercise and reporting documentation
Basically energy audit is divided in to three phases. They are
PHASE 1:
a. Plan and organize the visit
b. Walk through audit of the setup
c. Informal interview with production or plant manager or in charge.
d. Conduct brief awareness program on energy audit with all divisional heads and persons.
Electroniccopy
copy available
available at:
Electronic
at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER
PHASE 2:
a. Primary data collection, process flow diagram, energy utility diagram and collection of any other
relevant data.
b. Conduct survey and monitoring
c. Conduct detailed trials / experiments for the selected energy guzzlers.
d. Analysis of energy use.
e. Identification and development of energy conservation opportunities.
f. Costs benefit analysis.
g. Reporting and presentation to top management on finding.
PHASE 3:
a. Implementation, commissioning and follow up.
b. The main aim of this visits are :
c. To finalise energy audit team.
d. To identify the main energy consuming area to be surveyed.
e. To identify any existing instruments required.
f. To plan with time period.
g. To collect macro data on plant energy resources, major energy consuming centers
h. The Energy Auditing and Energy Management flowchart.
PROCEDURE FOR ENERGY AUDIT
Procedure for doing the energy audit varies according to the type of the audit. The procedure adopted
for the energy audit done in the residential home [4] is presented below.
 Collect all the Load details with a maximum demand of the Electrical Equipment
 Calculate the Usage of Load
 Plot the single line diagram
 Plot Real time load curve by taking the energy meter kwhr for 20 days.
 Calculate the connected load with respective to single diagram.
 Plot a graph in between years and Tariff
 Identify and calculate the unnecessary usage of power wastage in the layout with graphs
 Draw the Power Utilization Chart with respect to the Layout
 Calculate the daily utilization of Power by all the equipment‟s and convert to pie chart.
 Data Collection of all the major equipment‟s and find out the performance
 Interaction about the energy usage with suitable survey
 Identify the Energy Saving and Conservations Opportunity
 Report on suitable recommendation with existing and implementation suggestions
 Plot Cost Benefit Analysis with Breakeven Chart
 Check the earth resistance and report on the status of earthling in that concern
 Provide Awareness‟ on Electrical Safety to the Person there.
 Submission of Suitable Energy Audit Report with Breakeven Analysis
ENERGY AUDITING INSTRUMENTS (TOOLS)
 Frequency meter – used for measurement of power supply frequency.
 Digital Multimeter - used for measurement of voltage, current and resistance.
 Clamp on amp. Meter – used for measurement of current without interrupting the connection.
 Clip on Dig. PF Meter – used for measurement of power factor without interrupting the connection.
 Clip on Dig. Watt Meter – used for measurement of power without interrupting the connection.
 Lux meter – used for measurement of illumination level.
 Harmonic Analyser – used for analysis of harmonics in power system.
 Power Analyser - used for measurement and analysis of electrical power.
Electroniccopy
copy available
available at:
Electronic
at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER









Non-contact Tachometer – used for measurement of speed of rotation equipment.
Digital Manometer – used for measurement of differential pressure.
Visguage – used for measurement of differential viscosity.
Thermo-hygrometer – used for measurement of air velocity and humidification, ventilation, Airconditioning and Refrigeration systems etc.
pH meter – used for on the spot analysis of effective acidity or alkalinity of a solution/ water.
Infrared Thermometer – used for measuring temperatures from distance using infrared technology.
Temperature indicators – used for measuring of gases/ air, liquid, semi solids, powders etc. using
different types of probes.
Flue gas analysers – used for optimizing the combustion efficiency by measuring the oxygen and CO
levels in the flue gas of boilers, furnaces etc. and calculation of CO2 percentage in excess air level and
efficiency.
Stream Trap Monitor – used for performance evaluation of steam Traps.
FEW RECOMMENDATIONS TO SAVE ENERGY
Electrical energy and bill can be saved without doing an audit and without any investment by simply
managing the utilities for its proper use. Here is a list of few tips to save energy in our living area
 Unplug and switch off all the electrical device or appliances that are not in use to reduce no-load losses.
 If your computer must be left on, turn off the monitor; this device alone uses more than half the
system's energy.
 Clean the light fixtures regularly as a heavy coat of dust can block 50% of light output.
 Use LED lights instead on normal incandescent bulbs.
 Clean the fans regularly as heavy coat of dust in fan blades reduces motor efficiency and output.
 Set your refrigerator temperature with respect to the climatic condition
 Defrost the refrigerator regularly and don‟t leave your fridge open, 30% of cool air get escape as well
as in microwave hot air is escaped.
 Run the washing machine with full load.
 Clean the Air conditioner duct and filter regularly to reduce the power consumption and increase
cooling.
 Use ceiling or table fan as first line of defence against summer heat instead of air conditioners.
 Use the heavy load appliances in the non-peak load condition
CONCLUSION
As we all know, energy efficiency is the wave of the future. The world is quickly moving towards
energy sustainability. At the same time the mankind is trying to re-establish the connection it once had with the
nature. An energy efficient home is a personal step toward the direction of renewable energy, environmental
protection, and sustainable living. Having such a home will help the homeowners to reduce their bills and
provides an excellent investment.
REFERENCES
[1] Sanjay Kumar, Tarlochan Kaur, “Energy Audit: A Case Study”, International Journal of Research in
Management, Science & Technology (E-ISSN: 2321-3264) Vol. 1; No. 1, June 2013.
[2] A. Navidi and F. A. S. Khatami, "Energy management and planning in smart cities," in CIRED - Open
Access Proceedings Journal, vol. 2017, no. 1, pp. 2723-2725, 10 2017.
[3] Sachin P. Parthe, Santosh Kompeli, “Energy Audit and Conservation Tool for Energy Efficiency”,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 02 Issue: 08 | Nov-2015.
[4] Awanish Kumar, Shashi Ranjan, M. Bharath Kumar Singh, Priyanka Kumari, L. Ramesh, “Electrical
Energy Audit in Residential House”, Procedia Technology, Volume 21, 2015, Pages 625-630, ISSN 22120173.
[5] Matteo Dongellini, Cosimo Marinosci, Gian Luca Morini, “Energy Audit of an Industrial Site: A Case
Study”, Energy Procedia, Volume 45, 2014, Pages 424-433, ISSN 1876-6102,
Electroniccopy
copy available
available at:
Electronic
at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability–ICEETS’18.
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India, from 5th to 7th April, 2018.
Available in SSRN eLibrary of ELSEVIER
[6] M.Bala Raghav, M.Sravya Srijaa, G.Srinivasa Rao, K.Naga Bhavya, Y.Suchitra, “ENERGY
CONSERVATION AND AUDIT-A CASE STUDY” International Journal of Advanced Research in
Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 10, October 2013
[7] https://en.m.wikipedia.org > wiki >energy
[8] enersupply.euke.sk
[9] https://beeindia.gov.in
[10] http://energywall.in/importance-energy-audit/
Electroniccopy
copy available
available at:
Electronic
at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3165967