Definition of Politicization: Politicization is a concept in political science and theory used to discuss how thinking, existences or accumulations of facts are provided a political tone or character, and are consequently attributed to the ideas and strategies of a particular group or party, thus becoming the subject of competition. According to Rouban (2007), the concept has been mainly viewed in three manners: as the political participation of civil servants in the political decision- making of governments, as their political involvements, and as the partisan control over the bureaucracy According to Eichbaum & Shaw (2007,2008), in countries with Westminster - type systems, Politicization is predominantly embodied through the appointment of ministerial advisers who exert a growing influence on policy making process and administrative issues in public agencies. Definition of Institutions: Institutions, according to Samuel P. Huntington, are "stable, valued, recurring patterns of behavior." The term "institution" commonly applies to both informal institutions such as customs, or behavior patterns important to a society, and to particular formal institutions created by law as well as custom and having a distinctive permanence in ordering social behaviors. Examples of institutions are family, religion, economic system, mass media, educational institutions, medicine, civil society, political system, bureaucracy, administration etc. Politicization compared: The comparisons of Politicization are discussed in the below. 1. Politicization of Bangladesh 2. Politicization of India 3. Politicization of others like Pakistan & USA. Politicization of Bangladesh: Although the Election Commission has been strengthened in the current situation in the political arena of Bangladesh, there is reason to question whether it is possible to hold free, fair and neutral elections. First of all, it should be kept in mind that when it comes to strengthening the Election Commission, there are some problems. The biggest problems are the factionalism of the administration and the use of government officials in political affairs. Approximately Half Million government officials and employees have to perform their duties during the election. We have to consider whether it is possible for the Election Commission to properly supervise this huge number of people. Second, the Election Commission is not the employer of these officers and employees. As a result, if they do not listen to the commission, then the commission has limited power to take action against them. Politicization of India: We have differences with India in several places. First, the Indian system of government is tied to a federal structure. The local administration, including the police, is under the control of the provincial government. It is often seen that different parties have formed the provincial and federal governments. In West Bengal where the Trinamool Congress is in power, in Delhi there is a Congress-led government. As a result, the police and the administration already have a check and balance. Second, the manner in which government officials have been appointed in our country for political reasons is not possible anywhere in India. Although the administration was politicized there, it was not as widespread as in our country. This is because of the tensions between the federal and provincial governments. But politicians there are also aware of their constitutional responsibilities. You will hear from very few Indian ministers that they want to appoint party men. Absolutely not what happens there. It is a big country; there are different cultures in different provinces. However, there is no opportunity for such a massive factionalism as ours. Therefore, officers are appointed on the basis of full merit. They are not directly involved in politics. Politicization of other countries like Pakistan, USA etc: In Pakistan, the constitution was amended six or seven years ago to provide for a caretaker government during elections. In the United States, meanwhile, federal government elections are largely governed by state election commissions. Wherever parliamentary democracy is practiced in the rest of the world, there is a federal state structure. As a result, there is a check and balance going on. Recommendation for removing the Politicization problem of Bangladesh: If we form the local government in accordance with the constitution then these governments can take the budget from the central government. But if this government is not independent in its work, then it will not be right to call it 'government'. At least on a few issues, these governments need to be given the power to make the final decision. Only then can local government be considered as 'government'. The fact is that if all the administrative power is in the hands of a strong center then free and fair elections cannot be expected there. So we have to gradually distribute the administrative power - that can be done through the formation of strong district councils according to the constitution. Until then, it is difficult for an elected government to gain the trust of the people in the face of such widespread party affiliation.
