Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
PERCEPTION OF SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ON THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF DECOMPOSABLE PACKAGING
IN E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS: BASIS
FOR PRODUCT PROPOSAL
________________________
A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the
Senior High School Department
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
_________________________
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersions
________________________
By
Calle, Marc Danniell Alexie, T.
Aquino, Alyssa Germaine, R.
Reposar, Justine Nicole, G.
Pedraja, Mary Anne, O.
Grade 12 ABM-A
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This research is entitled
PERCEPTION OF SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ON THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF DECOMPOSABLE PACKAGING IN E-COMMERCE
TRANSACTIONS: BASIS FOR PRODUCT PROPOSAL
Prepared and submitted by MARC DANNIELL ALEXIE T. CALLE, ALYSSA
GERMAINE R. AQUINO, MARY ANNE O. PEDRAJA, and JUSTINE NICOLE
G. REPOSAR who have been examined and are recommended for approval and
acceptance
for ORAL EXAMINATION.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PANEL OF EXAMINERS
APPROVED by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ____
on April 26, 2021
MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Research Consultant
MRS. PINKY PALER-TAPEL, LPT
Member
MR. MARVEN K. NAVARRO, MBA
Member
MR. JEFFERSON L. URMINITA, MA
Chair
ACCEPTED in partial fulfillment of the requirements in
Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, PhD
Asst. Principal/ HS – Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research would not be possible without the help and guidance of those
individuals that also contributed and extended their assistance from preparation to
completion of the study. We extend our deepest gratitude to all of them.
First and foremost, we would like to thank the Grades 10, 11, and 12
students, together with their respective advisers, for giving their time and
helping us by answering our survey questionnaire.
Mr. Herbriance H. Briones, MA, our adviser, we would like to express our
deepest gratitude for the underlying motivation, love, and support he gave that
made us able to complete the study.
Mrs. Riza V. Macagaling, LPT and Ms. Christine Mae J. Medina, LPT,
our research lecturers and consultants, who monitored and gave us so much time
to be able to complete this study.
Mr. Gerard C. Acebes, MA, our research adviser and also one of our
validators, who never gets tired of checking our grammar, guiding us in our
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
iv
decisions, always gives us ideas, knows the pressure and difficulty we
experienced. We thank you for the sincere help and motivation.
Mrs. Riza V. Macagaling LPT, Ms. Roxanne Secapuri, LPT, and Mr.
Richard M. Torres, CPA, our dear validators, thank you for spending your time
with us in giving your ideas and insights for validating our survey questionnaires
and as well as checking the content of our thesis financially, marketability, and
when it comes in being innovative. Thankyou also for the time meeting with us
and giving your efforts in making our research possible.
Ms. Monnick P. Cruz, Mrs. Riza V. Macagaling LPT, and Mr. Richard
M. Torres, CPA, our dear validators, thank you for giving your time and efforts in
running through in our product proposal and sharing your insights in validating
and certifying the product that we are proposing to the chosen community we
are having. We are looking forward to meet and work with you soon.
Ms. Pinky Paler-Tapel, LPT, Mr. Marven K. Navarro, MBA, and Mr.
Jefferson L, Urminita, MA, our panelists, thank you for approving our title that
enable us to pursue our study, for the helpful ideas and for the guidance.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
v
To Our Lady of Peace School who let us conduct this study and supported
us by providing the school’s facility for our convenience.
To Sr. Anabel B. Dela Cruz, SPC, and Mr. Jorge T. Pacleb for giving us
the chance to present the product proposal that will be a better use in the future
and for the unending support and grace that you have given to us.
To our dear parents who took care of us while doing the study, who helped
us in terms of financial, for the love they give, and for motivating us every day.
To the one above us, the Lord our God, the one Who never gave up on
us, who always answers our prayers, and the one Who gave us the strength and
hope we need, as what you have said in your word: For I know the plans I have
for you, declares the LORD, ‘plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to
give you hope and a brighter future’ (Jeremiah 29:11). Yours is the Glory, Honor,
and Praise! Thank you so much, dear Lord.
~ M.D.A.C.
A.G.R.A.
M.A.O.P.
J.N.G.R.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
vi
ABSTRACT
This study attempted to determine the perception of selected high school
students on the implementation of decomposable packaging as basis for the
product proposal. Specifically, it looked into the profile of the participants in terms
of sex, age, and grade level; the specifics, contents, and characteristics of the
decomposable packaging based on the perception of selected student
participants; Does the perception of the selected high school students correspond
with the possible implementation of the product proposal of Decomposable
Packaging on E-Commerce Transactions; and determining on what product
proposal the researchers will recommend to product manufacturers.
This study utilized the quantitative approach employing descriptive
analytical research method. The total number of participants was 411 students,
specifically 159 students from grade 10, 122 students from grade 11, and 130
students from grade 12 in Our Lady of Peace School for the school year 2020 –
2021. The data gathered were analyzed using the following statistical tools:
frequency count and percentage distribution, mean and standard deviation,
analysis of variance, and frequency ranking and distribution.
Findings revealed in this study are summarized as follows: Profile of the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
vii
participants show that both male and female participated in the survey. The total
number of male participants is 184 (45%) and the total number of female
participants is 227 (55%). The age range of the participants were 14-20 years of
age. There were 2 participants who are at the age of 14, 21 participants under 15
years old, both 16 and 17 years old has 131 participants, 105 participants are 18
years old, 20 participants are 19 years old, and 1 participant is 20 years old. The
researchers used students of Our Lady of Peace School from grades 10-12. There
were 159 participants from grade 10, 122 participants from grade 11, and 130
students from grade 12.
The researchers also found out that based from the perception of
respondents according to the possible implementation of decomposable
packaging when it comes to innovation, sustainable development, and
convenience corresponds and agrees with the possible implementation of
decomposable packaging given the following factors. Furthermore, the
researchers have seen that the variance of the data are just almost close to each
other in almost all of the item numbers found on each survey question.
The researchers furtherly seen that when it comes to the specifics,
contents, and characteristics of decomposable packaging, based from the results
and discussions that was given, the respondents want to implement the use of
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
viii
decomposable packaging in clothes and apparel. They also want the
decomposable packaging to be made out of a seed paper that will have a structure
like a paper bag. The following data that has been gathered will be a sole basis for
the researchers to come with a product proposal that will be presented to the
school and the community.
Conclusions drawn from the results of the study are: that the participants
would like to implement it on clothes and apparel. For the material to be used, most
of the participants chose seed paper and most participants wanted it to be in a
form of paper bag; The perception of the selected high school students
corresponds with the possible implementation of the product proposal of
Decomposable Packaging on E-Commerce Transactions; and based from the
results and findings the researchers will create a product proposal that includes
the prototype and blueprint of the product. In addition, the researchers will present
the description and market analysis of the product that will be presented to the
school (Our Lady of Peace School), high school students, and ABM and College
students who are in the field of Business and Commerce.
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following
recommendations are offered: Since the perception of the selected high school
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
ix
students towards the implementation of the decomposable packaging in ecommerce transactions are positive, the e-commerce industry should consider
using a variety of decomposable packaging that can accommodate and adopt to
the needs of their customers while being a help to the environment; future
researchers should take note the different specifics, contents, and characteristics
of the decomposable packaging that is suggested by some respondents; future
researchers should look into the causes of plastic pile up due to e-commerce
transactions and find alternative solution to reduce wastes aside from proper waste
management; future researchers may use middle ages as samples for future
studies and look for significant differences and similarities between younger ages
and middle ages with regards to their perception; researchers may use samples
outside the OLPSian-Paulinian community in order to broaden the scope of the
study; future researchers should consult the manufacturers if the chosen
packaging is ideal for the product in which it will be implemented on they may use
materials available in the Philippines which may be used as a substitute to plastics
such as abaca fiber, cassava fiber, coconut fiber, etc.; and based on the Results
and Findings, the researchers recommend the product proposal that has a product
prototype and product blueprint that is made of seed and kraft paper that is
universally made for small and large variants of packaging like boxes, wrapping
paper, and paper bag.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
ii
iii
vi
x
INTRODUCTION
The Problem and its Background
Statement of the Problem
Hypotheses
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation
Definition of Terms
Review of Related Literature
Conceptual Model
Conceptual Framework
Theoretical Framework
1
6
7
7
10
11
15
54
55
56
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Locale of the Study
Participants of the Study
Research Instrument
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Analysis
67
68
69
70
71
72
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Interpretation of Data
74
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
96
100
102
REFERENCES
104
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
xi
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
1
2
3
4
5
6
Grade 10 Participants
Grade 11 Participants
Grade 12 Participants
4-Point Likert Scale Indicator
Summary of Responses
Overall Results of the Perception of Respondents to the Possible
Implementation of Decomposable Packaging
7 General Weighted Mean of Innovation, Sustainable Living and
Development, and Convenience
8 Overall Tally and Percentage Results for the Part 2 SurveyQuestion 1
9 Overall Tally and Percentage Results for the Part 2 SurveyQuestion 2
10 Overall Tally and Percentage Results for the Part 2 SurveyQuestion 2
131
131
131
132
132
133
135
135
136
137
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Schematic Diagram for the Research
Four Elements of Diffusion of Innovation
The Three Spheres of Sustainability Mode
Triple Bottom Line Model
Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility
Visual Perception Model
Traditional View vs. Bem's View of Self Perception Theory
Number of Male and Female who Participated in the Study
Age Group who Participated the Study
Overall Number of Participants
APPENDICES
A – Letter Asking Permission to Conduct the Study
B – Letter for Validation of Questionnaire
C – Letter to Respondents
138
139
139
140
140
141
141
142
142
143
144
145
149
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
xii
D – Survey Form (Questionnaire and Checklist)
E – Pre-Survey Letter
F – Pre-Survey Form
G – Product Proposal
CURRICULUM VITAE
150
153
154
156
202
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
1
INTRODUCTION
This part involves how the study will benefit the community and its
benefactors. The first subheading of this chapter is the problem and its
background, which will help enlighten the people on why the researchers chose to
study this topic. The next subheading is the statement of the problem, wherein it
states the problems to be addressed by the study. The third subheading is the
hypotheses which shows what will be the predicted or possible outcome of the
study. The significance of the study states why it is important to conduct this
research. The scope and limitations tell what areas will the study focus on and at
the same time shows the specific respondents that will participate in the research.
Definition of terms will help other people understand the difficult terms throughout
the study. Review of Related Literature are existing literatures or researches
related to the study.
The Problem and Its Background
In the time of the twenty-first century, plastic pollution became a perceptible
issue. This was when a singular piece of translucent non-heavy material was seen
floating around the waters by the fishermen. Plastics are used to create helpful
materials for human needs. The most common are the plastic bags. Plastics are
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
2
also used to make toys, sports equipment, food packaging, candy wrappers,
plastic straws, bottles for any drinkable liquid substances, and many more. (PIADCU, 2018). It may be a great help and convenience for the people; however, the
environment is deeply affected by the frequent use of these things.
The use of plastics is widely used by people nowadays. These are used in
carrying, packing, or storing things. However, because of the massive production
that is made worse of improper waste management, plastics became abundant
and scattered all over the place. More than eight million tons of plastic have been
discovered in the ocean; it is predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic in
the ocean than fish, and 99 percent among all seabirds on the planet will have
ingested some plastic. The sea currently comprises 51 trillion microplastic
particles, which is 500 times more than the number of stars in our galaxy
(Johnston, 2017).
.
Plastic pollution does not only affect the waters, but also on land. According
to Madaan (2017), wind can carry plastic waste or litter throughout the
environment. It can get through trees, stuck in fences, hanging in the traffic lights,
or other structures. When animals come and approach this plastic waste, they risk
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
3
consuming the toxins or becoming entangled in the plastic and suffocating. If an
animal consumes a piece of plastic, the plastic can be stacked in its stomach while
also poisoning it with toxins. Plastic waste is believed to be consumed by over 200
different species of animals. The author added that plastics can also contribute to
air pollution. When a certain plastic is burnt into an open air, it releases large
amounts of toxins and in result, pollutes the air that can also lead to the respiratory
system problems of humans and animals.
In the Philippines, a survey shows that there is a shocking inflation of numbers
of plastic wastes. According to Phys Org (2019), an audit shows that the country
uses an alarming number of single-use plastics, including nearly 60 billion sachets
per year. Almost 48 million shopping bags are used throughout the Philippines,
adding up to over 17 billion a year. That figure doesn't include the smaller, thinner
and sometimes transparent plastic bags called "labo" bags—around 16.5 billion of
these are used per annum across the country. These data exhibit the reality of the
abnormality in the usage of plastics wherein people tend to ignore
The pandemic made the pile-up of the non-recyclable plastic carriers and
packaging worse. This is in relevance to the news report of Phil Star Global written
by Mateo (2020), “The Climate Change Commission (CCC) warned against a
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
4
surge in plastic pollution due to the increased consumption of single-use masks,
latex gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE) during the coronavirus
disease pandemic. The organization calls for proper waste management in plastic
products. The climate body added that online shopping and food delivery services,
often using single-use plastics, have further encumbered our waste management
system. It also noted an increase in production and consumption of alcohol, hand
sanitizer and other cleaning agents that are often packaged in plastic bottles”.
We are currently in the 21st Century and things have changed over the
years. One of the drivers of innovation and development of data and
communication is technology. The thesis title will revolve around the perception of
High School students of OLPS on the implementation of decomposable packaging
when having transactions online especially in buying from online shops. It will focus
on how the shopping habit of these people will change if the implementation of
compostable packaging would push through. Since there are news and research
studies explaining that most of the plastic packaging wastes came from ecommerce in the midst of COVID 19 pandemic, the researchers will develop this
research in order to contribute to the solution of the unending piling up of this
pollution.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
5
The researchers chose to study the “Perception of High School Students on
the implementation of decomposable packaging in E-commerce Transactions”,
because of the environmental problems people are facing right now and in the near
future. Before the pandemic, many people have been using E-commerce platforms
for easy transactions, but since the pandemic started, the usage of E-commerce
platforms doubled. According to a study by Charm (2020), “prior to the pandemic,
statistics show that only 2% of Filipino netizens have purchased goods or services
online”, which suddenly changed during the community quarantine. According to
Kaplan (2020), due to the pandemic the purchasing habits of the consumers
switched to e-commerce brands, and resulted in a multiplied number of plastics,
which excludes them from being a solution. Another study conducted by Lunas
(2020), there was a surge in online shopping of goods due to the COVID-19
pandemic. Due to the surge, the number of non-biodegradable plastics also
increased. “E-commerce is expected to accelerate the growth of the global plastic
packaging market to $1 trillion by 2021. This is alarming as 26 percent of all plastic
production is attributed to packaging yet only 14 percent is recycled.” (Pedro,
2021).
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
6
Statement of the Problem
The main purpose of this study is to discover the perceptions of the selected high
school students on the implementation of decomposable packaging in ECommerce transactions as a basis for product proposal. Specifically, the
researchers speculated the following research queries regarding their perception
on the following matters:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
•
Grade Level
•
Sex
•
Age
2. What are the specifics, contents, and characteristics of the decomposable
packaging based on the perception of selected student participants?
3. Does the perception of the selected high school students correspond with
the possible implementation of the product proposal of Decomposable
Packaging on E-Commerce Transactions?
4. What product proposal the researchers will recommend to product
manufacturers?
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
7
Hypotheses
At .05 level of significance, the following hypothesis was tested:
Null Hypothesis (H0):
-
The perception of the selected high school students does not correspond
with
the
possible
implementation
of
the
product proposal
of
Decomposable Packaging on E-Commerce Transactions.
Significance of the Study
This research is relevant nowadays, especially this time of pandemic, where
consumers tend to use online platforms to buy and sell transactions that use a high
amount of traditional packaging. This will also serve as an awareness also for the
people to realize how damaged is our environment is because of the piling up of
plastics that keeps on hurting not just the scenery of the environment, but also the
living things that are inhabiting a certain habitat. A positive response coming from
the perception of High School students on the implementation of decomposable
packaging in e-commerce transactions will not only benefit themselves, the buyer,
and the surroundings, but also the locality as well because this will serve as an
eye-opener to reduce the use of single use and toxic plastic material in the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
8
community. These will drive them to impose municipality orders that can cater the
use of decomposable carriers and packaging when buying from e-commerce
platforms.
The study is worth researching because this may prevent bigger problems for
the next 10 years. “With no improvements to managing waste beyond what’s
already in place today, 99 million tons of uncontrolled plastic waste would end up
in the environment by 2030” (Parker, 2020). Aside from helping the environment,
switching to eco-friendly packaging will help strengthen your brand image (Why
Are Companies Switching to Eco-Friendly Packaging? (2018). Today’s generation
are now health and environmentally conscious, which leads to eco-groups urging
e-commerce platforms, such as Lazada and Shopee to look for an eco-friendlier
packaging (Galvez, 2020). The research aims to find out what are the effects of
having eco-friendly packaging to the consumers and how will it affect their
purchasing behavior when using e-commerce platforms.
The purpose of this study is to educate and spread awareness to all Highschool
students of Our Lady of Peace School about the negative effects of using the
traditional packaging that is made of non-biodegradable plastics that creates
plastic pollution and has an adverse effect on land, air, and water. This study will
be beneficial to:
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
9
Accountancy, Business, and Management Senior Highschool Students and
College Students who will take the field of Business and Commerce
Management. This study will help benefit the students who are engaged in the
field of Business and Commerce wherein they will be educated, informed, and
be aware of the importance of the use of decomposable packaging in different
commerce platforms especially E-Commerce.
Consumers. The study aims to reach out the consumers to open up their minds
in accepting the value of decomposable packaging and be educated on the
significance of it in the long run.
E-Commerce Industries and Other Industries. This study will help the ECommerce and Other Industries to choose their proper packaging
when delivering their products to their consumers. This will also aid them in
building up social responsibility not just to their consumers, but also to the
environment as well.
High School Students. The study will benefit the students so that they will be
made aware of the benefits of using decomposable packaging as part of
sustainable living.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
10
School
Administration
and
Personnel. The
school
may adapt the
recommendations from the study, especially the product of this research, as a
proposal to use decomposable packaging.
Future researchers. This study will serve as reference for future studies. The
study will also give additional details and overview information about how will
decomposable packaging be useful and significant to the 21 st Century
environment.
Scope and Limitation
This study analyzed the perceptions of the selected high school students. It
aims to know how will the students respond to the imposing of decomposable
packaging in E-commerce platforms as the basis for the making of the product
proposal. The study also intended to determine how the proposal will benefit the
students and how it will impact the environment. The said proposal will also be
handed on to the product manufacturers as a recommendation. As for the title
‘Perception’ meaning a way of regarding, understanding, or interpreting something
(Business Jargons, 2021), it aims to understand the insights of the selected
participants on the said subject matter.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
11
Although this study was conducted virtually, the setting of the study would be
in the parameters of Our Lady of Peace School in Antipolo City. In addition, data
collection will be done for 2 to 3 weeks on the month of March. As for the subject
matter and target respondents, the participants that will be chosen for this research
are only from grades 10 to 12, both male and female will participate. The study
was conducted in Quantitative research only, specifically the descriptive research
design using survey questionnaires and statistical matters as instruments for this
research.
Limitations of this study included the parameter of the chosen participants and
its locality since it will be only conducted on the certain school at the selective high
school level. Lack of further studies gathered from different sources is also a
reason for the limitation of the study although it has a reliable and credible
background, those are only similar and related but it does not focus on the specific
topic covered by the study.
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of the study, the following terms are defined conceptually
and / or operationally:
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
12
•
Biodegradable-
capable
into innocuous products
by
of
being
the
action
broken
of
living
down
especially
things
(such
as
microorganisms) (Merriam Webster, 2021).
•
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)- is a chemical procedure for determining
the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a
body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample
at certain temperature over a specific time period (Corrosionpedia, 2019).
•
Carbon Footprint- is the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused
directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, event or product (Center
for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan, 2020).
•
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon)- any of several organic compounds composed
of carbon, fluorine, and chlorine. once released into the atmosphere,
accumulate in the stratosphere, where they contribute to the depletion of
the ozone layer (Carey, 2018).
•
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)- is the amount of oxygen needed to oxidize
the organic matter present in water (Corrosionpedia, 2017).
•
Decomposable Packaging- or Compostable packaging refers to the ability of
the packaging to biologically decompose and disintegrate in a commercial
composting (Haywood, 2018). It is an organic material that will decompose
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
13
under a controlled biological process in the presence of air to form a humuslike material (Ecology Packaging, 2017).
•
E-Commerce- Electronic commerce or e-commerce (sometimes written as
eCommerce) is a business model that lets firms and individuals buy and sell
things over the internet (Bloomenthal, 2020).
•
Environmental Issues- are defined as harmful effects to Earth and its natural
systems due to the actions of humans (Giving Compass, 2021).
•
Gen-Z- the generation of people born in the late 1990s and early 2000s
(Merriam Webster, n.d.).
•
Microplastics- are small pieces of plastic, less than 5 mm (0.2 inch) in length,
that occur in the environment as a consequence of plastic pollution. These
are present in a variety of products, from cosmetics to synthetic clothing to
plastic bags and bottles. Many of these products readily enter the
environment in wastes (Rogers, 2020).
•
Millennials- relating to, or belonging to the generation of people born in the
1980s or 1990s: of or relating to millennials (Merriam Webster, n.d.).
•
Non-Biodegradable- not capable of being broken down by the action of living
organisms (Merriam Webster, 2021).
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
14
•
Perception- Perception is a process by which people regard, analyze, retrieve
and react to any kind of information from the environment (Business Jargons,
2021).
•
Phthalates- any of various salts or esters of phthalic acid used especially as
plasticizers and insolvents (Merriam Webster, n.d.).
•
Polylactic Acids (PLA)- is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from
renewable resources, such as corn starch (in the United States), tapioca
roots, chips or starch (mostly in Asia), or sugarcane (in the rest of the world)
(Bioplastic News, 2015).
•
Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT)- is an eco-friendly version of
plastic. This plastic type is biodegradable as it comprises adipic acid, 1,4
butanediol, dimethyl terephthalate, and adipate groups. Precisely, it is a
biodegradable, semi-aromatic, and thermoplastic polyester that can be
molded and thermoformed easily (Transparency Market Research, 2020).
•
Polyethylene- a polymer of ethylene; any of various partially crystalline
lightweight thermoplastics that are resistant to chemicals and moisture, have
good insulating properties, and are used especially in packaging and
insulation (Merriam Webster, n.d.).
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
15
•
Sustainable Development- is development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs (International Institute for Sustainable Development, n.d.).
•
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)- are a water quality parameter that is defined
as the quantity of material suspended in a known volume of water that is
trapped in a filter (Corrosionpedia, 2019).
•
Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS)- are a substance that can easily transform
from its solid phase to its vapor phase without going through a liquid phase
(Corrosionpedia, 2019).
•
Waste- (of a material, substance, or byproduct) eliminated or discarded as no
longer useful or required after the completion of a process.
Review of Related Literature
The Environmental Issues of the Earth as of the 21st Century
The environment is constantly changing, as it changes, it does not only
involve the good changes, but also most of those changes are actually bad issues
that contribute drastically to the environment. "Our planet is poised on the brink of
a severe environmental crisis. Current environmental problems make us
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
16
vulnerable to disasters and tragedies, now and in the future" (Rinkesh, 2020). That
is why most of the people living nowadays are experiencing disastrous natural
phenomena like Ocean Acidification, Acid Rains, Ozone Depletion, Global
Warming, Strong Typhoons, Massive Earthquakes, Climate Change, and other
kinds of natural disasters. This also includes the overpopulation of the people that
uses a lot of natural resources that leads to the depletion and lessening of trees,
scraping of mountains, rising sea levels and such. According to McMichael (2008),
correspondent of the National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, stated in his article that
entering the 21st century, there is growing recognition that the world's 6.7 billion
people are overloading much of the planet's environmental systems. Over the last
century, Homo Sapiens' mutual appetite for materials, food, freshwater, and waste
absorption has escalated. Humans currently use natural resources (sources, sinks
and system stabilizers) at an estimated 25% higher rate than the planet can
sustain. Around the world people tend to see and experience the dangerous effects
of the poor environmental health we are having. In the article of Tarantino (2016),
The world environment is experiencing a much worse condition day by day as we
use the natural resources indiscriminately and fail to manage our waste. Our total
environmental condition deteriorates in everyday life but we, yet not concern
ourselves for saving us from different types of natural calamities and extinction of
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
17
several types of animals’ spaces groups. Included in the article, are the current
environmental problems that the world is facing:
•
Population Explosion- has a direct impact in our environment and every vital
element of our environment such as water, tree, air, and many other things.
It causes poverty, money inflation, high daily commodity prices, and
thousands of other problems that are difficult to solve.
•
Increase of CFCs in Air- CFCs are growing day by day due to a lack of trees
and forest space, and as a result, global temperatures are rising, causing
polar ice caps to melt and sea levels to rise, causing our firm land to erode
into the ocean, causing a detrimental impact on our climate.
•
Immense Industrial Growth- Though industry plays an important role to
rapidly grow our economy, excessive industry set up runs a negative impact
on our environment.
•
Virus Attack in the human body- Researchers said that these types of viruses
can grow for increasing carbon dioxide in our environment as we excessively
increase carbon dioxide in our environment by burning oil and our valuable
forest.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
18
•
Destroy Forest- The destruction of forests is the primary cause of elevated
carbon dioxide levels in our atmosphere, which causes a variety of natural
disasters each year.
•
Waste everywhere- It is a common knowledge that these daily wastes are
scattered and pollutes our environment gradually and spreads out jams for
these reasons our local people get sick easily.
Other major current environmental problems include pollution, loss of
biodiversity, massive genetic engineering, and pollution (land, air, and water) that
has affected the environmental health of the planet earth (Rinkesh, 2020).
The current state of the Earth as of the present century is rather alarming,
with a variety of environmental problems increasing such as pollution,
deforestation, loss of biodiversity, etc. The people's excessive use of natural
resources also leads to different disastrous natural phenomena. In connection with
their study, the researchers considered the different environmental issues that are
existing today because they aim to find a solution for these issues or at least lessen
the causes, and their study may offer a different outlook for the people. One of
which is knowing the perceptions of the selected high school students towards the
implementation of decomposable packaging in e-commerce transactions through
this, this will serve as a gateway for the researchers to respond with the problems
of the environment today. The researchers are looking forward to making an action
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
19
plan that will at least lessen and further prevent the adverse and harmful effects of
nature, environment, community, and the planet Earth itself.
The Disastrous Effect of the Traditional Packaging in the Environment
Around the world, millions of plastics are produced every day. Half of these
are put into landfills, whereas the remainder becomes litter on the road sides and
are carried by the wind to different bodies of water. Based on the scientific article
of Crystal (2017), for thousands of years metals were used to produce and develop
different tools, but in 1907 petroleum-based plastics started to appear. A chemist
named Leo Baekeland, who invented the Velox photography in 1899, was using
formaldehyde-phenol resins in order to strengthen the wood. Furthermore Crystal
(2017) added, “The result was Bakelite, which was cheap, easily and quickly
molded, and eventually a part of some 400 patents.” Due to the “Age of plastic”,
the industry provides jobs for millions of people. It may have a good effect on
human capital and contributed to the major industrializations, but the condition of
the environment had been unsettled for many years.
One of the key contributors to the worsening effects of the current
environmental issue is the massive use and distribution of the traditional
packaging. Traditional packaging may include the non-biodegradable plastics,
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
20
papers, Styrofoam, bubble wrap, cans, metals, or other forms of packaging that
are not being broken down by living organisms or living things once it has been
piled up. The most significant example of these are the plastics, which are
frequently used in different sectors. Plastics are the main causes of air, water and
soil pollution and diseases like cancer (BYJU's, 2020). According to the research
of Pongrácz (2007), entitled The Environmental Impacts of Packaging, this has
been conducted in Ireland and it is stated that non-biodegradable packaging has
a major role in the pollution that is occurring in the environment. Furthermore,
these are the major pollutants where non-biodegradable packaging took place: (1)
Litter Pollution- Litter is often equated with packaging. Packaging materials such
as glass and plastic bottles, cans, paper cups, paper and plastic wrappings, are
indeed the major constituents of litter. Packaging litter is 11.91% of all litter in
Ireland in 2006 and is the third largest part after cigarette and food related litter. (2)
Water Pollution- One of the main water polluting activities is paper production,
releasing biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD),
volatile suspended solids (VSS), and total suspended solids (TSS). Additionally,
the manufacture of miscellaneous materials used related to packaging, such as
adhesives, coatings, and inks are a source of hydrocarbon pollution. (3) Air
Pollution- The principal source of air pollution is the packaging material
manufacturing process. Some it's the emissions are, such as vinyl chloride, CFC,
and hexane can arise from accidental fires, or waste-incineration activities. Direct
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
21
packaging-related emissions arise from lowland sites, as a consequence wood
decomposition. (4) Solid Wastes- Packaging-related solid wastes arise already at
extraction and process of raw materials. In the end, these wastes are often put in
the landfills.
According to Lee (2021), The use of non-Biodegradable materials that
became waste may result in a major impact on marine life, where nonbiodegradable plastic containers in oceans and estuaries can harm fish, seabirds
and other marine life. Animals that eat plastic can experience breathing or
digestion problems. Microplastics, tiny bits of polypropylene or polyethylene, are
underneath the water and pose a threat to the marine life. Furthermore, it may
make its way into forests, fields, sea, etc. Styrofoam, also known as foamed
polystyrene, is a non-biodegradable substance that can cause environmental
problems when it becomes litter (Crystal 2017). The author further added in the
article that according to a 2009 report in "Philosophical Transactions of The Royal
Society B," a British science journal, if the chemicals in plastics are absorbed by
humans, some of these compounds can change the structure of hormones. Plastic
debris is often ingested by sea creatures, and the chemicals in it can poison any
wildlife. Floating plastic waste can survive for centuries and destroy habitats by
shuttling microbes to and from.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
22
In the Philippines, the harmful effects of non-biodegradable packaging had
been experienced. According to the data gathered by the National Solid Waste
Management Commission (NSWMC), they calculated that the country's waste
generation rose steadily from 37,427.46 tons per day in 2012 to 40,087.45 tons in
2016, with an estimated average per capita waste generation of 0.40 kilograms
per day for both urban and rural areas. In 2016, Metro Manila produced 9,212.92
tons of waste per day. It is followed by region 4A with waste generation of 4,440.15
tons per day (11.08%) and Region 3 with 3,890.12 tons per day (9.70 %) (Senate
Economic Planning Office, 2017). Based on the given issue, Palafox (2017), gave
a response to his article by citing cities in the rural and urban areas who are
practicing waste management acts. One example in solid waste management is
the “Basuranihan'' project of Sta. Rosa, Laguna. These recyclables are then sold
to their junk shop of choice, and points are simultaneously acquired. Participants
will receive different prizes based on the number of points they have accumulated.
Cebu City has the greatest composting decentralization and resource recovery
scheme of any city in terms of solid waste management. The "no segregation, no
collection policy" is strictly enforced throughout the program. The program also
covers the hiring and deployment of Barangay Environmental Officers, who act as
information disseminators and policy enforcers. Finally, there is Marikina's Food
Waste Truck Program, which collects kitchen waste from restaurants and food
stalls in Metro Manila. These wastes are then recycled into fertilizer for the city's
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
23
urban garden. There is also an Eco-Savers Program that allows children and youth
to engage in recyclable trading to raise awareness about the value of proper waste
management.
The researchers believed that based on the collated researches, the world
will be deeply affected and covered by traditional plastic wastes as years goes by
due to the fact that people kept on using these kinds of packaging and with the
lack of knowledge about the proper waste management, the environment, together
with the species, plants, and human, will be in a massive harm that will lead to a
point of extinction to some species, and deadly diseases for humans. This theme
and topic is related to the study since it shows how traditional plastics can be very
harmful to the surroundings that is why the researchers of thought of ways on how
to reduce and prevent the rising numbers through asking perceptions from the
selected participants on the implementation of decomposable or compostable
packaging together on its characteristics so that the researchers will be able to
come up with an effective action plan for it as a response from their given
perception. During this time of COVID-19 pandemic, consumers rarely go out to
buy some stuff, as a result, they tend to buy at the online platforms, also known as
e-commerce, in which one of the factors for the traditional plastics to rise.
Trends and Effects of E-Commerce during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
24
In order to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus, precautionary
measures have been imposed, such as social distancing and lockdowns, which
caused a significant change in people's consumption habits. During this time, the
rise of e-commerce ensued. This way of consuming gave many businesses a
chance to reclaim their sales, as face-to-face sales declined due to the
precautionary measures. This also gives the consumers an alternative to continue
their usual purchases in total safety (Fuster & Jimeno, 2020). According to an
online survey conducted by Rakuten Insight (2020), 63% percent of the
respondents answered that they have purchased more online, pertaining to the
question 'how did your online purchase behavior change during the COVID-19
pandemic?' (Sanchez, 2020) Furthermore, in a study by the iPrice Group and App
Annie (2020), Map of E-commerce, the e-commerce platform Lazada had gained
30.74 million visits per month in the second half of the year, an increase of 3.98
million visits from the first half. Followed by Shopee, which gained 28.95 million
visits per month in the second half of the year, an increase of 6.95 million visits
from the first half (Abaño, 2020).
Since the pandemic began, most consumers switched to e-commerce to
cater their wants and needs. Moreover, there are businesses that opened during
the pandemic. This led to an increase in the number of visits of e-commerce
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
25
platforms such as Lazada and Shopee. According to Ledesma (2019), earlier to
the pandemic, Philippines ranked low in e-commerce compared to Malaysia and
Singapore, but the pandemic quickened our shift to e-commerce. Sales, such as
11.11, influenced the consumers to buy more products online. The economy was
one of the major things affected during the pandemic, and online selling or ecommerce transactions is helping the economy go back to its pace (Ledesma,
2019). As stated by Kala (2020), country manager of Shopback Philippines, the
behavior of consumers has changed and realized the importance of convenience
during these trying times.
The rise of e-commerce during the pandemic became prominent, especially
e-commerce platforms like Shopee and Lazada. In relation to their study, the
researchers believe that the trends and effects of e-commerce is associated with
the perception of the selected high school students, as it can affect their opinion
towards the implementation of decomposable packaging. The more popular ecommerce will become, more packaging will be used and produced. This can be
a factor that they can consider in making their judgement.
Trends and Effects of E-Commerce in the Philippine Setting
According to Marasigan (2020), Filipinos have the highest internet usage
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
26
and are the most active when it comes to the use of social media. An average
Filipino spends nine hours and 45 minutes online and 3 hours and 53 minutes is
spent for surfing different social media sites. Before the pandemic, statistics
showed that only 2% of the Filipinos have purchased online as compared to other
Southeast Asian countries. According to Newsbytes.PH (2020), due to the
pandemic during 2020 more than one out of three online consumers started using
a new online service. 94% of these said that they will continue using the service
even after the pandemic. In an article written by Cahiles-Magkilat (2020), it was
mentioned that according to the latest e-Conomy SEA 2020 report, there was a
significant growth in the country’s digital economy at 55%.
Paulo Campos, the CEO of Zalora Philippines, shared his own insights with
regards to e-commerce. He stated that during the quarantine period 91% of
Filipinos internet users searched for goods and services online. From the same
survey conducted by Global Web, it was shown that 38% of e-commerce
transactions came from Metro Manila, 9% from Cavite and Laguna, 6% from Cebu,
6% occur in Pampanga and Bulacan, 3% from Davao, 3% in Rizal, 2% in Iloilo,
and another 2% from Batangas. The other regions have a small percentage to be
categorized.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
27
The country is becoming more accepting of PH ecommerce as a result of
recent events. It is now becoming more of a socially acceptable norm. In most
cases, this is due to Filipinos' willingness to participate in e-commerce and online
payment in general. Three different surveys were conducted from April 5-8, 2020,
with responses from the agriculture, industry, and services sectors, consumers,
and the general public. The consumer survey alone yielded 389,859 responses to
the NEDA-led Inter-agency Task Force Technical Working Group for Anticipatory
and Forward Planning (IATF-TWG for AFP). According to their findings, over half
of non-government respondents had a decrease in their income. Many of these
Filipinos responded that it is because they have lost their jobs. This result is linked
to the strict implementation of curfews and public transportation restrictions in
various regions. The Philippine ecommerce industry can help most businesses
overcome these obstacles. In these trying times, according to NEDA Acting
Secretary Karl Kendrick Chua, businesses must maximize technology's full
potential. They will be able to continue operating while also catering to the needs
and preferences of their customers. Additionally, Chua said that when online
shopping is made easy, safe, and affordable, businesses effectively remove their
customers' need to leave their homes to fulfill their needs and desires. Ecommerce in the Philippines enables economic activities to increase while COVID-
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
28
19-related risks are reduced and changes are made (Tan, 2020).
Age Group of Consumers Using the E-Commerce
The researchers chose the age group of 16-20, in relation to the study of
Bona et al. (2020), Gen Z and millennials have the greatest percentage of
consumers shifting to e-commerce shopping. Since the pandemic began, there
was an increase in their online shopping usage compared to the older generations.
During the early community quarantine, ages below 21 aren’t allowed to go outside
which led them to use e-commerce platforms to provide for their wants and needs.
Gen Z spend most of their time on social media as compared to the millennials
(Veins & Visual Capitalist, 2019). Furthermore, they added that almost 50% of
millennials revealed that social media leads them to overspending. Gen Z’s may
have a low income or low money pocket; they still have the largest percentage of
consumers in online e-commerce. As most Gen Z’s are still students, they use their
allowances to pay for their online shopping. In a 2016 survey done by Nielsen, it
showed that millennials are willing to spend more for good quality and sustainable
goods. In addition, Gen Z’s value the quality of a product more than their loyalty to
a brand, which makes them shift to other businesses who offer better products or
services.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
29
In the United States, in the article of Kaplan (2013), 70 percent of teens
prefer to shop at their favorite stores online. Teens are shopping more via the
Internet and brick and mortar outlet stores and less at specialty stores. In the spring
2013 survey, 79 percent of teen females and 76 percent of males stated that they
shopped online. That represents a 4 percent increase for females over fall 2012,
but a 6 percent decrease for males. While clothing remains the most frequently
purchased items by teens — 21 percent of all expenditures — they are spending
less on fashion items. Besides apparel, electronics and footwear are the most
popular online shopping items. In these two categories, men do more shopping
than women. Overall, teenagers spend a disproportionate amount of money on
clothing. While in the Philippines, the country has a population of 107 million
people skews towards a young, tech-savvy group of Millennial and Gen Z
consumers (the country’s average age is 25.7 years). Unsurprisingly, these
consumers are prolific users of the Internet, spending an average of 10 hours and
two minutes browsing the Internet each day. Nearly half of that time—four hours
and 12 minutes—is spent on social media (Katrina & Benedict, 2019).
Researches and surveys show that the Philippines surpassed other Asian
countries when it comes to internet usage (M. J. Sanchez, 2020). From a survey
released last January 2020, Sanchez (2021) also stated that Gen Z and millennials
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
30
are the largest age group of the country’s internet users while the other 50% are
taken by the age group of 24-34 years old. Marasigan (2020) mentioned in his
article about a survey conducted by Global Web which showed that 72% of online
shoppers are female, while 28% are male. When it comes to the demographic age:
45% are 25-35 years of age, 22% are ages 18 to 24 years old, 16% ranges 35-44
years old, and 17% are ages 45 years of age and above.
An article by Pratap (2019), connects age and education to the buying
behavior of consumers. He states, “When people are young, they spend more on
their lifestyle needs from fun and movies to fashion. As they grow older, their
expenses on these things shrink.” This explains that people with different ages
have different sets of wants and needs. According to the statistical report of
Statista (2020), ages 18-24 with a percentage of 26%, are claiming the second
spot in the number of users of e-commerce transactions in the Philippines. Based
on the pre-survey done by the researchers, the ages of the respondents are 16-20
years old, which is closely related to the age of 18. Furthermore, Pratap (2020)
added “People’s preferences can change with education. Education affects a
number of things including the fashion you wear and the programs you watch.”
Grade Level and Sex as factors for the differences in giving Perceptions
The research is solely focused on the perception of the selected high school
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
31
students and tend to see if there will be a significant difference of the perceptions
with respect to their profile namely: sex and grade level. The reason why the
researcher uses sex as a factor for a significant difference in perception is in
accordance with the article written by Patterson (2017) that females sometimes
are more detailed with perceiving an object rather than males. The author also
stated, “That is the reason why when both sexes perceive a certain room, Men
simply aren’t able to see dust and finer particles as easily as women, and therefore
are unaware of its presence.” This is due to the recent discovery that women
actually have more rods and cones in their eyes than men. This allows women to
see more detail than men. According to the same article, Women are more in touch
with their feelings, and more adept at communication that is why the way they
perceive a certain problem has a mixed emotion of feelings that is opposite to men
that
have
different
approaches,
which
is
more
logical
and
mental
thinkers. According to the study of Sharp, K. C., Candy, S. G., & Troll, L. E (1980),
in their study of Gender and Generation effects on Person Perception, they have
shown in their results that there are significant differences on how males and
females describe their own perception towards a certain person or subject matter.
This has been confirmed based on the methodology they used wherein they used
different categories and they are grouped according to the age categories and their
respective sexes and they will observe how these people perceive these
categories that were given to them. That is the reason why the researchers are
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
32
using sex as part of the demographics in the research study.
Another demographic profile that the researchers will be using is the grade
level of the respondents. This is in line with the study of social factors wherein
people are divided into different groups which shows different cultures and that is
why another factor for the differences in giving perceptions. According to the study
of Sherif (1935), in his research study entitled “A Study of Some Social Factors in
Perception”, cultural groups may differ from one another in behavior, since they
perceive social conditions in fundamentally different ways. This means that every
group in the community has different way of perceiving a certain thing due to the
presence of the culture. Individuals who develop their individual norms in separate
experimental sessions are later placed in a group situation, and their points of
reference converge towards a shared norm, resulting in a "funnel-shaped"
relationship, according to the results of the author's experiment. However, in this
case, convergence isn't as high as it is in groups that begin with a group situation.
Despite of its some gaps, there still shows the convergence of the norms because
those individuals are in the same group with the same kind of culture living in.
Grade Level and Social Factors can be found in a certain group wherein it is as
two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to
achieve particular objectives (Tutorials Point, 2015). According to the same book,
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
33
one of the reasons why people have groups is that it meets the individual’s social
needs and created affiliation with one another creating a common goal and idea.
That is why the researchers are considering grade level as part of a factor in having
a significant difference in giving perception since it may have had group, cultural,
and social factors since they are in the same place and group and may have
common perceptions on a certain matter.
Decomposable Packaging: Definition, Use, and Importance
During the start of the pandemic, there was an improvement in the air quality
and a reduction in water pollution (Rume & Islam, 2020). Despite its benefits to the
environment, it also came with its disadvantages such as face masks, alcohol
bottles, gloves, PPEs, and food packaging, leading to an increase in plastic
pollution (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2020). In
addition, the increase of e-commerce transactions also helped in the continuous
increase of plastics. Most e-commerce platforms, such as Lazada and Shopee,
use double packaging in order to avoid damages to the parcel. An eco-friendly
packaging is made from recycled materials which will help lessen the resources
needed and have a lower production cost (Folk 2021). Biodegradable and
compostable packaging may be both considered as an eco-friendly packaging.
According to Gobrecht (2018), the main difference between biodegradable and
compostable is that biodegradable breaks down naturally, while in compostable
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
34
there are some settings required for it to break down. Additionally, according to
Folk (2021), having eco-friendly packaging does not only protect the environment,
but also protects you from harmful chemicals that plastics contain such as
phthalates plastics contains some chemicals that some people may be allergic to.
Moreover, eco-friendly packaging gives off a connection with your customers and
shows them that you truly care about the environment (Chron, 2020).
Decomposable or compostable packaging is made from plant-based,
recycled materials. It can break down and mix with the soil after 180 days of right
disposal. It produces less carbon and less waste to be sent to landfill so it is much
gentler to the environment (Packaging Supplies, 2020). These eco-friendly
products are important as they help us reduce our waste and overall carbon
footprint. It lessens our use of plastics, which don't decompose and just break
down to smaller pieces called microplastics. The use of these eco-friendly products
is encouraging us to take into consideration how it will affect our future and future
generations (Folk, 2020).
Decomposable packaging can be a great convenience for the sellers and
buyers. According to the article of Delaney (2013), wherein the writer posted some
benefits and convenience in using decomposable packaging. Decomposable
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
35
packaging and food waste are recycled into compost first. Food packaging is much
simpler to compost than traditional packaging. Next, cleaning the packaging as
you would for high-quality traditional recycling is not necessary. Finally, it would
minimize waste to landfill and incineration, which are more costly per ton than food
waste recycling. That is why the researcher believed that through this study, the
respondents will be able to understand and be enlightened on how beneficial and
convenient to use decomposable packaging as an alternative for the traditional
packaging that we are using right now.
Decomposable packaging is not only applicable for light and non-fragile
materials but also for fragile and sensitive materials as well. In the Philippines,
there are several innovations that are made with the use of compostable
packaging. According to the article written by Adel (2020), Garnier Philippines, a
cosmetic brand, recently launched a project called “Green beauty” wherein this
involves reducing the environmental impact by reducing the massive use of
traditional plastics. The campaign is part of the L'Oréal Group's global
sustainability goals, which include combating climate change, sustainable water
management, biodiversity protection, and natural resource preservation.
Furthermore, Garnier Philippines partnered with Econest Philippines for the use of
Geami honeycomb protective packaging solution that is used for alternative to
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
36
bubble wraps, which is suitable for sensitive and fragile materials. The said
honeycomb packaging is made from FSC-certified virgin kraft paper with an
interleaf tissue that protects the surface of the package from damage and abrasion.
The recycling rate of paper at 85.6% greatly outweighs the recycling rate of plastics
at 42% that takes two to six weeks to decompose with nature.
Another product that is found in the Philippines is the compostable cling
wrap that is made from plants that is non-toxic and it is good for food storage
whether it is microwave, oven, or freezer set-up. San Jose (2020) launched
Nolisoli, a company that sells compostable cling wraps under the brand name ecompostable cling wrap, which is made of bioplastic polylactic acid (PLA) derived
from corn starch, cassava, sugar cane, or sugar beet and biodegradable random
copolymer polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT). In a home compost, this
cling wrap takes 180 days to decompose and 84 days in a commercial compost
plant. However, when the said wrap ends up in a landfill, it would take two to five
years to breakdown but it is still a good product since it is just a fraction of the
thousand years it takes for a traditional packaging to disintegrate. Aside from it
preserves and sustains the health of the person for its non-toxic characteristics. It
also sustains the environment by saving trees since traditional cling wraps
consume so much tree resources but this kind of product has not yet reached the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
37
whole Philippines yet since it has not been introduced thoroughly to the other
people. That is why the researchers are doing this research to address the gaps
by letting the consumers and the e-commerce industries be aware of the
importance of using decomposable packaging through hearing their perceptions
and at the same time creating a product that will be from their perceptions.
According to the pre-survey that is being conducted by the researchers
towards the chosen participants, 33.7% does not have full knowledge on the
definition and meaning of decomposable packaging. This means that the
remaining 66.3% of the chosen participants knew or at least have little knowledge
about this kind of packaging. The researchers knew that given the following
figures, the remaining 33.7% is still a big number and this shows that there are
many people out there don’t have knowledge or information about the definition,
use, or importance of decomposable packaging. That is why the researchers
decided to push through with the study and at the same time to reach out to the
respective participants about the essentials of decomposable packaging towards
economics and environment. In response with the results, the researchers came
up with an idea wherein they will inform the students, teachers, and other people
about the real information and importance of using decomposable packaging that
will be part of their action plan.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
38
Based on the resources and research given, the researchers believed that
with the constant use of compostable packaging, people, especially the
consumers, will be able to enjoy the benefits of a clean and green environment.
Not only do they enjoy the products that are being delivered to them but also, they
are able to help sustain the resources and stability of the environment. Ecommerce businesses and platforms must also be enlightened with the benefits,
use, and importance of decomposable/compostable packaging since they are also
one of the leading causes of the increase of plastics that can destroy and affect
the health of the environment and the planet earth itself. This relates to the
researchers’ study since it talks about the importance and benefits of the constant
use of decomposable packaging that will also supplement the perceptions of the
participants. The following related literature and studies shows the adverse effects
of continuous usage of traditional packaging that may lead to further natural
phenomenon like floods, typhoons, emerging carbon footprint, execution of
greenhouse gases, and the like. These will also benefit the study since it is directly
stating the reason why people should change their perception towards the
implementation of decomposable packaging when having an e-commerce
transaction.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
39
Studies that Recommend the use of Decomposable Packaging
Given the information and related innovations of products given in the
related literature and studies, some studies encourage the readers and future
researchers to further study and develop the use and effectiveness of
decomposable or compostable packaging. According to the study conducted by
Biona, et. al. (2015), wherein they researched on the Comparative life cycle
analysis of Plastic and Paper Packaging Bags in the Philippines, they have
concluded that plastics decompose faster than papers and it has also less
environmental impact especially to the releasing of Carbons into the ozone layer.
However, they recommended that the future researchers must study the
effectiveness of using other type of packaging like decomposable or compostable
packaging in order to further study the implications and effectiveness of both
compostable packaging and the traditional plastic packaging. Another study that
was conducted wherein Hilario (2014), also recommended the use of eco-friendly
and green packaging in the context of restaurant management along Far Eastern
University, Manila Campus. In his study entitled ‘Responsiveness of fast-food
chain managers along Far Eastern University (FEU-Manila) towards the
implementation of green practices in restaurants’ wherein the researcher asked
the responses of the fast-food chain managers along the FEU Manila Campus and
the findings of the said study are as follows: fast food chain restaurant managers
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
40
along FEU-Manila have an adequate knowledge about green practices, but they
are limited in application and use because it is just a franchise business. It is also
concluded that the responsibility of disseminating green practices cannot be
shouldered by the national government or a single organization alone like the Hotel
and Restaurant Association of the Philippines (HRAP), but the business
community, corporate and private organization and the academia should also
resume a more active role in formulating realistic environmental policies and goals.
The researcher suggests that the appropriate role of government in maximizing
the business role in sustainable development varies depending upon the
characteristics of the challenge at hand and the extent to which there are other
drivers moving business towards more green practices strategies. It is also
suggested that the national and municipal government should somewhat increase
in fostering green practices throughout the city. Furthermore, government
intervention and actions including public education, capacity building and support
in the local trade and urban area should increase the supply and needs of green
products.
The said suggestion of the previous study corresponds with the suggestion
of Magalang (2014) wherein the researcher suggested in the study of Municipal
Waste Solid Waste in the Philippines, that the implementation of Republic Act
9003 will place environmentally-sound methods that optimize the utilization of
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
41
resources and encourage resources conservation and recovery; set guidelines
and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source
reduction and waste minimization measures. In addition, enabling mechanism for
the effective implementation of national law, are important in promoting compliance
with solid waste management rules and regulations. As a support mechanism, an
awareness and education program should be launched in conjunction with the
ordinance's issuance. In line with the gaps and recommendations of the
researcher, this research aims to make a compostable packaging that will align to
the solid waste management and one of the factors that will materialize the
Republic Act 9003 or the waste management act. Another study that will affirm this
study is from Shamsuddin et. al. (2017), wherein this study is focused on
Bioplastics as Better Alternative to Petroplastics and Their Role in National
Sustainability: A Review. This study recommends that Bioplastics can provide
excellent biodegradability, helping the world deal with the increasing problems of
litter, particularly in the world’s rivers and seas. Durable plant-based bioplastics
can also be recycled as well as their conventional equivalents thereby, driving an
economic push toward expanding the bioplastic industry and provide better
alternative for sustainable development of the future environment. Finally, on the
writings of Song et. al. (2009) in the study entitled ‘Plastics Biodegradable and
Compostable Alternatives to Conventional Plastics’ wherein this study suggests
that by using these biological treatment methods, the total quantities of waste sent
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
42
to landfill are reduced and the composts generated can be used as valuable soil
improvers. The study also added that bioplastic polymers have great potential to
contribute to material recovery, reduction of landfill and use of renewable
resources.
Benefits of Decomposable Packaging in the Sustainable Development
The frequent use of decomposable packaging will help contribute to the
sustainable development of our world. Morgan (2019), explained in her article that
every year, 165 billion packages are shipped in the U.S., which uses enough
cardboard to equal more than 1 billion trees. That doesn’t even consider the waste
from the plastic air bags and additional packaging that keep items safe in transit.
The author also added that Sustainable packaging has a huge impact on the
environment and customers. E-commerce companies have a responsibility to take
care of the environment. They need to be accountable for the repercussions of
their mass experiences. Sustainability is an issue that all customers and brands
should get behind. In the manufacturing world, Lagas (2015), provided five benefits
of embracing sustainability and go green manufacturing: (1) Reduced energyrelated costs, (2) Attract new customers and increase sales, (3) Tax Incentives, (4)
Boost workforce morale and innovations, and finally (5) make a good impact to the
society (Societal Impact).
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
43
BrentR (2017) listed 5 of the most common packaging materials used in the
world. The list included (1) paper, (2) high-density polyethylene, (3) low-density
polyethylene, (4) aluminum packaging, (5) glass/jars. Another list from UpKeep
(2019) also showed the same materials in their list. In an infographic from Gere
(2017) with the title of “10 Types of Packaging Materials You Should Use”, aside
from the same materials from the other lists, bubble wraps were mentioned. Bubble
wraps are used to keep items safe in transit. These variety of common packaging
has different advantages in terms of usage and environmental benefits. Paper
based packaging are the eco-friendlier alternative for plastic bags. These types of
packaging can be recycled into different things, and they are unlikely to cause harm
to animals, especially marine animals. In addition, they are also durable, as
cardboard boxes can carry heavy loads. (Miller, 2018) Plastics are known to be
harmful to the environment as they are full of chemicals and contribute to the
pollution. Even so, these types of packaging are still beneficial. As stated in an
article by Packaging and Labelling (2016), plastics are lightweight, recyclable and
can provide a longer shelf life for your products. In addition, they can also keep the
freshness of the product, especially perishable ones. As for aluminum packaging,
they can offer a "high level of corrosion resistance. It provides protection from ultraviolet rays, water vapor, oils and fats, oxygen and micro-organisms when used to
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
44
package sensitive products such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or food.
Aluminum is hygienic, non-toxic, non-tainting and retains the product’s flavor."
Moreover, these types of packaging are lightweight, flexible, thermal conductors,
and recyclable. Glass packaging, however, have the least advantages out of all
the packaging. Despite that, these types of packaging can still offer a lot. According
to Sarkina (2020), glass packaging "offers a non-porous, non-toxic surface that
has a high rate of impermeability and won’t leech any contaminants into your
snacks or drinks, which is an unfortunate possibility when using plastic containers."
It also a great material to store different liquids like liquor, perfume and carbonated
drinks since it can retain the flavor, scent, and carbonation well.
“Seed Paper, a handmade paper which has seeds of different flowering
plants, herbs or trees and after usage when sown in the soil, the seeds germinate
and later grow into full-fledged plants.” (Plantable Paper Explained – Carragreen,
2018). Some advantages of plantable or seed paper are sustainability, safe for the
environment, available for a fair price, and helps in business enterprises growth
(Advantageous of Plantable Paper, 2020). Furthermore, Botanical PaperWorks
(2017) also mentioned that aside from the environmental benefits of plantable
papers, it also attracts customers and separates you from your competitors.
Adapting an eco-friendly packaging such as plantable paper, shows how much a
business cares for the environment. “This is both a creative and the revolutionary
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
45
way to attract customers that will help you beat out competitors not using greenproducts and save our precious trees.” (The Benefits of Using Seed Paper, 2013).
It also provides convenience to the people aside from the easy way of throwing it
away, it is also lightweight and smaller compared to traditional packaging, which
lessen the shipping fee of an item (Botanical PaperWorks, 2017). Despite its
benefits there also disadvantages. One of those is there is no consistency when it
comes to its thickness as it is handmade (Botanical PaperWorks, n.d.).
Kraft paper is one of the most widely used packaging materials in the world.
It is 100 percent recyclable. As opposed to ordinary paper, kraft paper is much
better for the environment. Traditional paper is made from unique woods, while
Kraft is made from all-natural ingredients including pulp from all types of wood (Liu,
2019). Despite kraft paper being a better choice for packaging and to the
environment, it still has its advantages and disadvantages. According to Fast
Sincere (2020), the advantages of kraft paper bags are as follows: 1) It is non-toxic
and tasteless. It is also pollution free and recyclable. 2) Kraft paper bags doesn't
require full printing in order for the product design to be seen. Compared to the
plastic bag, the packaging effect is preferable. At the same time, the printing cost
of kraft paper bags is significantly reduced, as is the cost of production and the
cycle time of its packaging. Lastly, 3) "The Kraft paper has a certain cushioning
performance, anti-fall performance, better stiffness, and the mechanical parts of
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
46
the product processing have good cushioning properties and are convenient for
composite processing." As for its disadvantages, Kraft paper bags cannot be used
in wet environments, so the storage location should be kept ventilated and dry.
Another minor disadvantage is that if you want to print a colorful and delicate
pattern on the kraft paper bag, you won't be able to do so. Because the surface of
kraft paper is relatively rough, printing to the surface of kraft paper will result in
uneven ink (Fast Sincere, 2020).
In the Philippine setting, Adel (2020) wrote in the article that with the further
innovations of Garnier Philippines, in partnership with SainBags, involves the
decomposable packaging that is made out of mainly cassava starch and other
materials from renewable resources. It is biodegradable and compostable, leaving
no chemical contaminants and causing no harm to our oceans, rivers, or soil, as
well as being safe for animals and plants. The said company said that it can safely
return to nature in the form of Water (H2O) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and in turn
feeds into agriculture purposes, making it part of an authentic sustainable lifecycle.
They also assured to the consumers that it does not contain a trace of plastic thus,
does not contribute to the micro-plastics problem and takes around 90 days to
compost in soil or a body of water. This negates the hundreds of years of
decomposition for a traditional packaging. In relation to what is stated in the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
47
previous topic, the said article added the partnership of Garnier Philippines with
Econest Philippines regarding the Honey Comb bubble wrap wherein it also
supports sustainable living and development because of its recyclability and being
a renewable source. It also reduces the production of manufactured plastics in
which the raw materials are also coming from the environment.
Due to the pandemic, many businesses of different fields were forced to
shut down. In a 2020 survey conducted by Bartik et al. (2020), it showed that 43%
of the of businesses closed, and most of it points out to the pandemic. The
pandemic may have brought struggle to a lot of people, but it gave life to some. In
an article by Fortuno-Mioten (2020), she mentioned that in August of 2020 the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), released an updated figure showing
75,029 new online businesses have registered from January to August of 2020.
Some of these small businesses promotes an eco-friendly products and
packaging. Jennifer Lynne Espenida is a small business entrepreneur, owner of
AlibotPH, together with her two friends, promote local and recycled crafts such as
wind chimes made of used bottles. Espenida also mentioned about using ecofriendly packaging through the use of recycled boxes, papers, etc. An article written
by Pante (2021), she mentioned different online businesses who are selling ecofriendly products and packaging. Econest Philippines is one of those small
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
48
businesses using eco-friendly packaging through the use of plant-based
packaging which promotes a sustainable alternative to plastics. Another business
mentioned was Paperblooms, who are introducing gift tags, cards and wrapping
paper that can be planted.
According to Feber et al. (2020), during the pandemic consumers are now
valuing the importance of sustainability and made people more conscious of their
health and the environment. Decomposable packaging helps reduce carbon
footprint (Hughes, 2019). “The more those with large carbon footprints use
resources, the more greenhouse gases increase and spur further climate change.”
(Jaines, 2018), this is the opposite of another benefit of decomposable packaging
which requires fewer resources (Folk, 2021). According to Apte (2020),
decomposable packaging is made from recycled materials, which makes it easier
to dispose, Folk (2021) also stated the same thing. Switching to decomposable
packaging does not only benefit our environment, but also the business itself
(Roberge, 2018). Aside from the product a business is selling, people are also
curious or attracted to packaging. Eco-friendly packaging is not as in demand as
traditional packaging (Auclair, 2019). With the pre-survey results done by the
researchers, 33.7% of the respondents haven’t heard of packaging. In addition,
the pre-survey also shows that 95.2% of the total respondents said that using
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
49
decomposable or compostable packaging in e-commerce transactions will help
lessen the waste in the environment. The researchers believe that with the
following figures shown, decomposable packaging is really beneficial in terms of
sustainable development that will be beneficial for the future generations.
Synthesis of the Review
Summary of the Review
As a synthesis, the researchers came up with seven (9) subtopics for the
Review of Related Literature (RRL) wherein each topic is related to the other. The
first topic is all about the environmental issues of the Earth as of the 21 st Century
wherein the researches gave researches, studies, and issues that pertains to all
the natural phenomenon and other natural disasters that deeply affects the
environment not just to the planet Earth but also to all living and non-living species
inside the planet. This is followed by the disastrous effects of traditional packaging
in the environment this relates to the first topic in terms of being one the factors
that destroys the environment. This also covers the topic of harmful the traditional
plastics and packaging could be to all marine and land species that can cause their
possible endangerment and in worst case, may lead to extinction. The topic also
covers the other effects of traditional packaging like pollutions, health-related
issues, and other harmful effects that may lead to a broader damage to the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
50
community and environment. This has been followed by the next topic wherein the
researchers tackled about the trend of e-commerce during the COVID-19
pandemic. In relation to the disastrous effect that is being brought by the
decomposable packaging, this topic covers the major e-commerce shops like
Lazada, Shopee, and the like wherein they are the one of the causes of the rising
number of plastics that has been recorded in the country. The topic also considers
the sudden change of the behavior of the consumers towards using the online
platform transaction wherein based on the given data and research, consumers
tend to fine ease and comfort during the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic when it
comes to buying and selling things online. In connection with the trends of ecommerce during the pandemic, the researchers also added the trends and effects
of e-commerce in the Philippines setting wherein this topic focused more on the
context of the Philippines when it comes to the use and essentials of e-commerce
and how it drastically contributes to the piling up of traditional packaging
everywhere. This being followed by the next topic wherein it talks about the age
group of the consumers using the e-commerce. As what is being stated, the
researchers chose the age group of 16-20, in relation to the study of Bona et al.
(2020), Gen Z and millennials have the greatest percentage of consumers shifting
to e-commerce shopping. The researchers also show the results of their presurvey wherein according to the results of demographic profile of the respondents,
it shows that the majority of the participants are ages 16 to 20 which are part of the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
51
generation-z (Gen-Z). This supported the study of Veins & Visual Capitalist (2019),
even though Gen Z’s have a low income or low money pocket; they still have the
largest percentage of consumers in online e-commerce. As most Gen Z’s are still
students, they use their allowances to pay for their online shopping. This is being
followed by the topic of Sex and Grade Level as factors for differences in giving
perception wherein it talks about how sex and grade level affects the giving of
perceptions of the selected respondents for the research. It shows studies on how
male and female give different perceptions over a certain subject matter. It also
shows how the differences of grade level, or may be considered as groups
changes the way they perceive things because of the culture and social class they
are in. That is why the researchers consider those demographic profile to see if
there will be significant difference when it comes to giving of perceptions. This will
lead now to the definition, use, and importance of decomposable packaging
wherein under this topic, is the explanation of what is decomposable or
compostable packaging all about. This also show the relevance and the use of this
type of packaging towards the environment, community, and the economy. These
has been followed by the studies that recommends the usage of decomposable
packaging where it shows the research gaps, recommendations, and suggestions
of the researchers and this shows further the reason to continue with this kind of
study. Finally, the researchers tackle about the importance decomposable
packaging in terms of sustainable development wherein it shows how the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
52
compostable packaging can help sustain lives, economically, financially, and
environmentally.
Evaluation and Insights of the Review
After thorough research and studies the researchers realized that there are
still research gaps that still needs to be answered through further researches and
studies. They also realized that through the review of related literature and studies,
there are still many issues in the environment that still remains unsolved and
unanswered. The problems of traditional packaging are still adverse and wide that
led to multiple environmental issues and natural disasters. That is why the
researchers are looking forward for this study as one of the solutions and answers
to the problem faced by the community. Through the researches the researchers
have gathered, they realized that plastics may also harm the health of humans,
aside from the health of the environment and animals. Without enough awareness,
people will not understand the importance of the use of decomposable packaging.
The pandemic made people switch to e-commerce for conveniences and safety.
The increase of usage in e-commerce transaction also increases the number of
plastic wastes. The new generations, millennials and Gen Zs, are health and
environmentally conscious, this will help in spreading awareness since people
want to try new things and at the same time help the environment. The researchers
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
53
would like to help in solving the environmental issues and encourage the
community to do the same thing. In order to encourage the community, the
researchers would like to inform them about the benefits of the use of
decomposable packaging, with the help of the studies mentioned.
After assessing different researches and studies, the researchers became
aware of the different environmental issues that the planet is facing right now in
the 21st century. The state of our environment continues to decline day by day, and
with this study, it can provide awareness and solutions to help it recover slowly.
The researchers also realized huge growth of e-commerce in the world, especially
in the Philippines, since the Covid-19 pandemic began. It caused the Philippines'
ranking in e-commerce to rise and introduce e-commerce to the people further.
However, this also effects the environment negatively due to the increased usage
of traditional packaging. The researchers believed that that base on the collated
researches the world will deeply affected and as gears goes by many people are
still using that kind of traditional packaging. This topic is related to the study since
it shows how to prevent to the implementation of decomposable packaging in
our surroundings, and so that the researchers may able to come up with the
effective action plan for the given perception.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
54
Conceptual Model
Input
Process
Output
- Statement of the
Problem: Discovering
the Perception of
selected highschool
students on the possible
implementation of
decomposable
packaging in ecommerce transactions
as basis for product
proposal
- Hypothesis:
Discovering if the
perception of the
respondents
corresponds or does not
correspond on the
possible implementation
of the study
- Survey Questionnaires
on the perception of
the selected
highschool students on
the implementation of
decomposable
packaging in ecommerce transactions
as basis for product
proposal
- Descriptive Survey
- Statistical Treatment
that will be used
- Result and Findings of
the perception of the
selected highschool
students on the
implementation of
decomposable
packaging in ecommerce transactions
as basis for product
proposal
Outcome
- A proposal for the possible implementation of decomposable packaging in ecommerce transactions
- The product proposal will be used as a recommendation to the product manufacturers
Figure 1: Schematic Diagram for the Research
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
55
Conceptual Framework
The researchers came up with a four-step conceptual model namely: input,
process, output, and outcome. This is in line with the IPO (Input-Process-Output
Model) wherein according to Input-Process-Output Model – IresearchNet (2016),
this has been a historical dominant approach to understanding and explaining
team performance and continues to exert a powerful influence on group research
today. The IPO model is a functional graph that identifies the inputs, outputs, and
required processing tasks required to transform inputs into outputs (Six Sigma
Daily, 2012). The researchers’ inputs include the statement of the problem wherein
the general and the specific queries are part of the inputs since it is the questions
of the researchers that will be speculated and studied throughout the study.
Hypothesis is also included in the study wherein this test if the perception of the
selected high school students corresponds or does not correspond on the possible
implementation of decomposable packaging in e-commerce transactions as a
basis for the product proposal.
Under the process component of the model, the researchers used the
survey questionnaires for data gathering for the perceptions of the selected high
school students. The said survey will also include a descriptive survey since the
design of this research is descriptive quantitative research. Since the research is
a quantitative study, part of the process will be the statistical treatment that will be
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
56
used to measure the perceptions of the respondents that they put in the descriptive
survey questionnaires. The output stage consists of the results and findings of the
perception of the selected high school students on the implementation of
decomposable packaging in e-commerce transactions as basis for product
proposal. Finally, the researchers added the outcome stage as part for the
framework since this is the response to the given problem in the study. The said
outcome will be the proposal for the possible implementation of decomposable
packaging in e-commerce transactions this would be presented and be used as a
recommendation to the product manufacturers in order for them to have an option
of choosing into this kind of packaging that will benefit not just the business, but
also the environment as well.
Theoretical Framework
Theory on Innovation
Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory
The proponent for the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory is Everett
Rogers (1931 – 2004), He discusses the principle of how ideas and technologies
spread through societies. He says in a social system the innovation is
communicated by the process of diffusion (Diffusion of Innovation Theory, 2013).
According to the same article, Rogers explained that diffusion means a process
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
57
which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among
the members of a social system. Innovation, on the other hand is an idea,
practice, or object perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption.
The said theory analyzes how the social members adopt the new innovative
ideas and how they made the decision towards it. In order to achieve growth and
sustainability, innovations should be widely embraced. Rogers proposed four
elements of diffusion of innovations they are: Innovation, Channel, Time, and
Social System. Innovation is an idea or practice that is new to a certain person
or individual. Communication Channel is the way on how the new information
perceived from one person communicated to another person. This means that
innovation is spread across the people through various communication channels
and media. Time, from the word itself, is the length of time people going to adapt
a certain innovation that is perceived from different communication channels.
Finally, Social System is a group of people joint together to solve problems with
a common goal. It refers to the group of people that constructs and a component
of the society that solves problems by constructing and designing innovative
ideas. An example for this is the different organizations, religion, institutions,
company, and etc. (Diffusion of Innovation Theory, 2013). This theory applies to
this study since the product of decomposable packaging is also a form of
innovation that will be used and communicated to people that will introduce new
ideas and information.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
58
Figure 2: Four Elements of Diffusion of Innovation
Theories on Sustainable Development
Sustainability Theory
The theory of innovation does not only stop at innovating a certain object
alone. It comes with how will the world will be sustained that is where Sustainable
Development comes. The theory of sustainability suggests that sustainability
describes a form of economy and society that is lasting and can be lived on a
global scale. “The society-changing potential of the claim: ‘More justice between
generations, more global justice – at the same time’ faces the peril of getting out
sight” (Ekardt, 2018). Ekardt also added in the article that in 2016, the third
edition of “Theory on sustainability” by Felix Ekardt was published. The
habilitation monography takes a broad look at the fundamentals of justice and
development, human rights philosophy, the roots of insufficient sustainability, and
effective environment and resource policy. The said theory is connected with the
theory of innovation wherein a certain idea does not only stop on innovation but
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
59
this will continue on thinking in how would it will help sustain the environmental,
social, and economic factors that embodies the world as a whole.
Figure 3: The Three Spheres of Sustainability Mode
Corporate Social Responsibility Theories
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Theory
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) theory was coined by John Elkington during 1994.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
60
The model progresses the goal of sustainability in a business, it makes companies
see beyond the benefits, such as profits, to incorporate social and environmental
issues to understand the cost or true meaning of doing business (Kenton 2020). If
a company doesn’t look beyond its finances and fail to see how the company is
doing socially or environmentally, they are failing to understand the cost and
meaning of doing business. Kenton (2020) also defined the Triple Bottom Line
theory as a balance between committing to both social and environmental
concerns just like their concern for earning profit. This theory encourages people
to live up to their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The TBL mainly focuses
on Profit, People, and Planet. Profit is the gain and loss of a business, people
evaluate how a company is doing socially, and planet consider how
environmentally responsible is an organization (Kenton 2020). People + Planet =
Social + Environmental Responsibility, according to (Brusseau, 2021, pp. 593–
596), “First, the three columns of responsibility must be kept separate, with results
reported independently for each. Second, in all three of these areas, the company
should obtain sustainable results.”
this theory aims to reach a sustainable
business in the long run. Despite its benefits, it still is a challenge to apply the Triple
Bottom Line theory. There is no measurable way on how to calculate the Triple
Bottom Line (Fernandes, 2020). In connection to the sustainable theory that
involves the idea of sustaining the world in the sphere of economics, environment,
and society, the researchers included the triple bottom line theory that now focuses
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
61
more on the specific things that needs to be taken care of. There are the People
(Social), Planet (Environmental), and Profit (Economic), which is the main
responsibility of the business particularly, the e-commerce for this study.
Figure 4: Triple Bottom Line Model
The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility
The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility is a framework that argues
for why businesses should fulfill their social responsibilities. Archie Carroll
designed
the
pyramid,
which
emphasizes
the
organization's four key
responsibilities: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. The economic
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
62
responsibility, which is to produce income for the business, is the first element of
the framework. It is the most fundamental and critical aspects of the company. The
framework states that the company is an economic entity to the society as a whole,
and it is necessary for the business to produce the maximum amount of income
for its shareholders and stakeholders for it to survive in the long term. The second
element is legal responsibility, which involves abiding by the society's laws and
regulations relevant to the essence of its market, competitiveness, jobs, and health
and safety. Next element in the framework is the ethical responsibility. It addresses
the ethical values that is not imposed in the laws which companies aren't required
to achieve but the society is expecting them to. It relates to the company's good
and ethical behavior in conducting business activities, and it acts as a guideline for
future operations. Lastly, the philanthropic responsibility is at the very top of the
pyramid, emphasizing the importance of becoming a good corporate citizen and
providing motivation for enhancing the society's standard of living by aiding in the
areas of social, educational, cultural, and recreational activities. This responsibility
is required and anticipated by society from the business organization. Even in
today’s business world, the pyramid is frequently discussed and criticized by
numerous corporate leaders, policymakers, scholars, and social commentators.
The pyramid's entire framework is simple to use and comprehend, due to its
foundations, which help businesses understand the essential knowledge and
enhance practices within their organizations in order to reach the top of the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
63
pyramid (Bhasin, 2019).
Figure 5: Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility
Theories on Perception of the Human Person
Visual Perception Theory
Mcleod (2021) explained that Visual Perception Theory that in order to gain
information from the surroundings, people are equipped with sense organs e.g.,
eye, ear, nose. Each sense organ is part of a sensory system that receives
sensory information and sends it to the brain. The author also added that the
process by which the physical energy received by sense organs forms the basis
of perceptual experience. This study incorporates the concept of visual perception
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
64
since the chosen respondents are going to use their sensory organs in order to
perceive information that can be used by the researchers as a basis for making
the decomposable packaging product.
Figure 6: Visual Perception Model
Adverbial Theory of Perception
Oxford (n.d) defines Adverbial Theory of Perception as the object of perception
isn’t true, instead it is an adverb expressing how the action is done. Rohlin (2021)
explained that the characteristic of an object describes how it is viewed by a
person. He added, “Perceived characteristics are not made by the object; they are
interpreted by the mind.” Just like in his example, the color is used to know how an
object appears in mind. The way a person understands a certain object is how he
or she sees it. It is like describing a certain experience through an object. According
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
65
to Stanford (2015), “experience is non-relational and fundamentally a state of mind
adverbially modified in a certain way... the character of experience is explained by
the intrinsic qualities of experience which constitute the ways in which it is
modified.” This theory further defines that the perception of a certain person does
not only stop with the visual perception, but also the action of a certain object or
person. This is interpreted by the mind that helps in processing the sensory organs
of the person so that he or she can perceive the scenario more clearly.
Self-Perception Theory
The theory of self-awareness is known as self-perception theory. During an
event, a person develops an attitude or belief of another person's attitude by
analyzing and focusing on the causes of his or her own actions. The individual
assumes that his or her own attitudes, inner feelings, and abilities are derived from
his or her existing habits or experiences with the environment (Rholin, 2021). In
1967, Daryl Bem proposed self-perception theory, suggesting that people evaluate
their own actions in the same way they analyze the actions of others. Bem's
proposal went against popular perceptions of people's attitudes and behaviors.
That is to assume, a person's attitudes and self-perception have an effect on his
or her behavior. Bem, on the other hand, suggested that people could also
understand their attitudes and interests because of inferences based on their
actions. Self-perception theory argues that people determine their feelings by
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
66
studying their bodies and actions, which is a similar explanation for emotion. Facial
expressions, postures, arousal levels, and attitudes all relate to people's emotions
and other feelings. Since the development of the self-perception theory, a variety
of studies has been conducted that support Bem's hypothesis. Studies have shown
that people who are induced to behave as though they experience something, such
as pleasure, indicate genuinely feeling it, even though they are unaware of how
their feelings originated, as predicted by self-perception theory (Self-Perception
Theory, 2016). This theory is focused now on the self, wherein the researchers
believed that it does not only stop with the visual perception and the adverbial
theory, but also focuses in the “self” wherein he or she will now reflect, decide, and
act upon the perception that the person has given.
Figure 7: Traditional View vs. Bem's View of Self Perception Theory
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
67
METHODOLOGIES
This presents the method used in the study. It discusses the rationale on
the use of research design wherein this segment shows what type and design of
the research will be used in the whole study. The sample selection that shows the
samples that will be participating in the study. The usage of chosen instruments,
where the researchers are going to show the research instruments that they will
be using throughout the conducting of the study. The data gathering procedure,
which shows the process and treatments that the researchers will be using in
collecting and gathering the information and data that will be coming from the
chosen participants and the basis for employing different data gathering
techniques.
Research Design
The study used the Descriptive type of Quantitative Research design. This
type of design aims to accurately and systematically describe a population,
situation or phenomenon (McCombes, 2019). According to the same author, the
said design can answer who, what, when, where, and how questions but not why
question. This was explained by Formplus Blog (2020) that before looking into
why a research topic exists in the first place, it's important to have a thorough
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
68
understanding of what it's all about. The researchers used the descriptivesurvey, a kind of approach that is used in conducting descriptive research. The
sampling method that the researchers will use is the Simple Random Sampling,
which is a type of Probability Sampling. Probability sampling means that the
subjects of the population get an equal opportunity to be selected as a
representative sample (Pratap, 2018). Simple Random Sampling involves all
members of the population are included in a master list, and that subjects are
then selected randomly from this master list (Alchemer, 2018). The scaling
system that the researchers used as a determining factor for the survey is the
Likert Scale. This scaling system is a close-ended, forced-choice scale used in
a questionnaire that provides a series of answers that go from one extreme to
another (Vinney, 2019).
Locale of the Study
The study was conducted at Our Lady of Peace School Antipolo, located at
P. Oliveros St., San Jose, Antipolo. This place was selected for knowing the
perception of its high school students, Grades 10 to 12, on the Implementation of
Decomposable Packaging on E-commerce Transactions as basis for Product
Proposal.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
69
Participants of the Study
Table 1: Grade 10 Participants
Section
COS
BON
SJP 2
JER
STL
AUG
SJ 23
GRADE 10
Class Size
Sample Size
37
22
37
22
38
23
37
23
38
23
38
23
38
23
Total:
159
Percentage
5.35%
5.35%
5.60%
5.60%
5.60%
5.60%
5.60%
38.69%
Table 2: Grade 11 Participants
Section
HUMSS
ABM A
ABM B
STEM A
STEM B
STEM C
Grade 11
Class Size
Sample Size
28
20
25
21
23
21
33
20
32
20
34
20
Total:
122
Percentage
4.87%
5.11%
5.11%
4.87%
4.87%
4.87%
29.68%
Table 3: Grade 12 Participants
Section
HUMSS
Grade 12
Class Size
Sample Size
23
19
Percentage
4.62%
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
70
ABM A
ABM B
STEM A
STEM B
STEM C
STEM D
24
21
31
32
30
31
Total:
Total Sample Size:
19
18
18
19
19
18
130
4.62%
4.38%
4.38%
4.62%
4.62%
4.38%
31.63%
411
100.00%
The participants in this study involves Grade 10 to 12 of Our Lady of Peace
School of Antipolo City. The overall total sample size is 411 with 184 males and
227 females with ages of 14 to 20 years old. The researchers chose this age range
in accordance to the data and studies mentioned in the Review of Related
Literature. The researchers used the Random Sampling method, while in
calculating the sample size the researchers used the Slovin’s Formula.
Research Instrument
There are two survey questionnaires that the researchers used. The first
one is the Pre-Survey, where general questions are involved to know their initial
perception and views as a basis whether the researchers will continue with the
study or not. Furthermore, the researchers opted to use the second survey
questionnaire which is the Actual Survey Questionnaire which includes more
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
71
specific questions that is related with the research. The said questionnaires will be
distributed online via google forms. The type of survey for the actual survey is the
Descriptive-Survey (Formplus Blog, 2020). The researchers will use the 4-point
Likert scale indicator as basis for the criteria in analyzing and interpreting the
gathered data from the survey.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers prepared a letter of request to conduct the study. After its
approval, they proceeded to formulate the questionnaire which would let the
researchers know about the respondents' perception. It includes questions
regarding their perception about innovation, sustainable living and development,
and convenience. In addition, they are asked about the specifics, contents and
characteristic of the packaging that is going to be the basis for the product proposal
of the researchers. The questionnaire was then sent to the research consultants
and research adviser for validation. Once validated, it was distributed to the
respondents via an online platform named google forms. The researchers selected
survey as a means of data gathering as it is the most effective in finding out the
exact information needed in their study. The data will be then treated and analyzed
wherein conclusions and recommendations for the product proposal will be
acquired from it.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
72
Data Analysis
The data gathered in this study will be analyzed using the following statistical tools:
Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution will be utilized to describe the
profile of the participants in terms of sex, age, and grade level of the respondents.
Percent distribution is a measure of how a metric is distributed among the
component parts that make up the total (Dummies, 2016). This will show the
percent of males from females in the study and the percent of the grade level and
sections who participated in the study. Moreover, this will also cater the percent of
the different age group who participated in the study. A frequency count is a
measure of the number of times that an event occurs (Stat Trek, 2021). This kind
of statistical analysis will be used in counting the number of males and females
and the number of respondents per age in the study. This will be shown in a graph
wherein the percentage and the frequent count of demographic profile of the
respondents will be exhibited.
Weighted Mean and Standard Deviation will used to describe the if the
perception of the selected high school corresponds with the implementation of
decomposable packaging. A weighted mean is an average that is calculated by
assigning different weights to various individual values. If all the weights are equal,
then the weighted mean is the same as the arithmetic mean (BYJU, 2020). The
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
73
researchers applied this type of analysis in the different grade levels (Grades 10
to 12) since they have a different number composition. “Standard Deviation is the
average amount of variability in your dataset. It tells you, on average, how far each
value lies from the mean. A high standard deviation means that values are
generally far from the mean, while a low standard deviation indicates that values
are clustered close to the mean” (Bhandari, 2020). This will be projected in a form
of a table wherein each question will be measured according to the weighted mean
and standard deviation for each grade level and as an overall result.
Frequency Ranking and Percentage Distribution will be used for measuring
the ranking of the specifics, contents, and characteristics of the decomposable
packaging based on the perception of selected student participants. This data
analysis has the same concept with how the data will be treated with the
demographic profile of the respondents. This will be shown in a form of a table with
the frequency count and the percentage it composes from the totality of the said
count. The only difference is that the researchers will rank the specific entities and
that is where the frequency ranking will be used. Frequency Rank is the numeric
rank of a specific term’s popularity when compared to all other terms during a given
period (Gonzales, 2020). The results that the researchers will be exhibiting will be
used as a basis for the product proposal.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
74
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This section presents the results and discussions of the study. This
presents the data and values that has been set during the data gathering process.
The data and values that will be shown in this section are the demographic profile
of the respondents followed by the Perception of Respondents According to the
Possible Implementation of Decomposable Packaging and the Specifics,
Contents, and Characteristics of Decomposable Packaging as basis for product
proposal. The researchers will present their data in form of graphs, charts, and
tables. For the discussion of the data, this following the sequence of the research
problems posed in Introduction. This will be shown according to the themes given
in the results that will be correlated to the Introduction, specifically the Review of
Related Literature and Studies and the Theoretical Framework.
A. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Figure 8: Number of Male and Female who Participated in the Study
Number of Male and Female
45%
55%
184
227
Number of Male
Number of Female
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
75
•
Sex
Based on what is reported above, figure 8 exhibits that there are 227 Females
and 184 Males who participated the study as what has been transpired in the
Research Methodologies part of the study. As for this demographic profile, the
researchers considered sex as a factor of perception because it is suggested by
Patterson (2017), that females are sometimes more detailed in perceiving a certain
object rather than males. It is also added in the article that females are more on
emotion-based while men are more on logical based. That is why the researchers
considered both sexes in conducting the study on the implementation of
decomposable packaging since the researchers believed that through the joint
characteristics of both sexes there would be a good outcome and results of the
research due to its balanced and controlled characteristics of both sexes.
Figure 9: Age Group who Participated the Study
Age Range of Participants
1
20
2
21
14
105
15
131
16
17
18
19
20
131
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
76
•
Age
The researchers gathered the span of ages 14 to 20 years old with ages 16,
17, and 18 as the highest number of respondents who participated the study as
what is shown in figure 9. Based on the results shown, the researchers gathered
the span of ages 14 to 20 years old with ages 16 to 18 years old being the highest
number of respondents. This is in line with the study of Bona et al. (2020), Gen Z
and millennials have the greatest percentage of consumers shifting to e-commerce
shopping. This is also aligned with the article of Veins & Visual Capitalist (2019),
that Gen Z’s may have a low income or low money pocket; they still have the
largest percentage of consumers in online e-commerce. This is the reason why
they have targeted this span of age groups and the results show likewise and had
really targeted the span of age range needed in this study.
Figure 10: Overall Number of Participants
Overall Sample Size Sample Size
130, 31%
159, 39%
122, 30%
Grade 10
Grade 11
Grade 12
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
77
•
Grade Level
Based on the following figure (figure 10), this shows the dissections of each
number of respondents per grade level and the overall number of respondents in
each grade level. This has been treated using the Slovin’s formula. Results shows
the number of respondents per grade level. There are 159 respondents for Grade
10, 122 respondents for Grade 11, and 130 respondents for Grade 12. The
researchers also considered this demographic profile because it is based on the
study of Sherif (1935), wherein cultural groups may differ from one another in
behavior, because of fundamental differences in their ways of perceiving social
situations. The results show the diversity of the respondents per grade level with
the help of the proper sampling method.
B. Perception of Respondents According to the Possible Implementation of
Decomposable Packaging
Table 4: 4-Point Likert Scale Indicator
LEVEL
PARAMETER
DESCRIPTION
4
3.26 – 4.00
Strongly Agree
3
2.51 – 3.25
Agree
2
1.76 – 2.50
Disagree
1
1.00 – 1.75
Strongly Disagree
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
78
Table 4 shows the 4-Point Likert Scale Indicator which guided the researchers
in analyzing the data they had gathered from the student participants. This
indicates what best describes the answer of the participants based on which
parameter the average calculated belong to. In addition, agreement scale was
used to determine to what degree the participants agree or disagree with the
statements presented to them through the survey.
Table 5: Summary of Responses
Summary of Results
Number of Responses
A. Innovation
SA
A
DA
SDA
Question 1
269
Question 2
Total
132
9
1
411
294
102
13
2
411
Question 3
261
137
13
0
411
Question 4
257
138
16
0
411
Question 5
264
131
13
3
411
Question 6
273
128
10
0
411
Question 1
273
121
15
2
411
Question 2
294
96
19
2
411
Question 3
228
161
20
2
411
Question 4
248
142
20
1
411
Question 5
272
123
16
0
411
Question 6
283
115
12
1
411
B. Sustainable Development
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
79
C. Convenience
Question 1
178
203
27
3
411
Question 2
267
118
25
1
411
Question 3
159
178
67
7
411
Question 4
208
176
23
4
411
Table 6: Overall Results of the Perception of Respondents to the Possible
Implementation of Decomposable Packaging
Perception
Weighted
Standard
Mean
Deviation
A. Innovation
1. The decomposable packaging will be a good
Strongly Agree
innovation in the business industry.
2. Decomposable packaging will reduce the waste
of the chemically made packaging (i.e., Plastics,
Cans, Bubble wraps, etc.).
3. I would prefer to use decomposable packaging if
it
has
been
implemented
in
e-commerce
transactions.
4. The use of decomposable packaging will be
5. Decomposable packaging is better to use than
packaging
(non-biodegradable
plastics)
6. The implementation of decomposable packaging
will be useful to e-commerce industries during
these times.
3.67
Strongly Agree
3.61
Strongly Agree
3.59
Strongly Agree
convenient in the long run.
traditional
3.63
3.59
Strongly Agree
3.64
Strongly Agree
0.54
0.56
0.55
0.57
0.59
0.53
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
80
B. Sustainable Living and Development
1. The implementation of decomposable packaging
will help spread awareness about the different
environmental issues.
2. Decomposable Packaging will save the life of
marine and land species in a certain community.
3. Decomposable packaging can help in preventing
a person in worsening health conditions found in
non-biodegradable packaging.
4. Decomposable packaging will really help in
achieving a sustainable living community.
5. Decomposable packaging can improve the health
and biocapacity of the environment.
6. The use of decomposable packaging will reduce
and help lessen future environmental problems.
3.62
Strongly Agree
3.66
Strongly Agree
3.50
Strongly Agree
3.55
Strongly Agree
3.62
Strongly Agree
3.65
Strongly Agree
0.58
0.59
0.61
0.60
0.56
0.55
C. Convenience
1. The implementation of decomposable packaging
provides convenience to both the suppliers and
its customers
2. The use of decomposable packaging makes it
easier to dispose different wastes.
3. The implementation of decomposable packaging
has an effect on the buying behavior of the
customers.
4. As a student, it is convenient for me to carry and
manage decomposable packaging rather than
non-biodegradable packaging
3.35
Strongly Agree
3.58
Strongly Agree
3.19
Agree
3.43
Strongly Agree
0.64
0.62
0.76
0.65
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
81
Table 7: General Weighted Mean of Innovation, Sustainable Living and
Development, and Convenience
Category
General Weighted Mean
Indicator
Innovation
3.39
Strongly Agree
Sustainable Development
3.60
Strongly Agree
Convenience
3.62
Strongly Agree
•
Innovation
After collecting the data, the researchers came up with the following overall results
under Innovation:
Question 1 gathered a weighted mean of 3.63 meaning it is equivalent to a
Strongly Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means that that the respondents
strongly agreed with the decomposable packaging as a good innovation in the
business industry. This has been further proven by the resulting standard
deviation of 0.54 meaning that their options are close to each other from the given
mean. This also implied the Diffusion of Innovation theory by Rogers that analyzes
how the social members adopt the new innovative ideas and how they made the
decision towards it. Innovations should be widely adopted in order to attain
development and sustainability (Diffusion of Innovation Theory, 2013). Based on
the result and discussions for this question, the researchers believed that given
the scaling, the respondents are very eager with the implementation of
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
82
decomposable packaging in terms of innovation in the business industry,
especially in e-commerce platforms.
Questions 2 and 3 gathered a weighted mean of 3.67 and 3.61 respectively
meaning it is equivalent to a Strongly Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means
that that the respondents strongly agreed with Decomposable packaging will
reduce the waste of the chemically made packaging (i.e., Plastics, Cans, Bubble
wraps, etc.) and preferring to use decomposable packaging if it has been
implemented in e-commerce transactions. This has been further proven by the
resulting standard deviation of 0.56 and 0.55 respectively meaning that their
options are close to each other from the given means. As suggested by Folk
(2021), having eco-friendly packaging does not only protect the environment, but
also protects you from harmful chemicals that plastics contain such as phthalates
plastics contains some chemicals that some people may be allergic to. It is also
suggested by the study of Shamsuddin et. al. (2017), where Bioplastics can
provide excellent biodegradability, helping the world deal with the increasing
problems of litter, particularly in the world’s rivers and seas. Durable plant-based
bioplastics can also be recycled as well as their conventional equivalents thereby,
driving an economic push toward expanding the bioplastic industry and provide
better alternative for sustainable development of the future environment,
especially its impacts in the e-commerce platforms. The researchers believed that
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
83
given the following data, the respondents agree with the helpful effects of
decomposable packaging not only in business, but also in the environment as
well. This also shows that they are more than willing to push through with using
decomposable packaging in e-commerce platforms if it has been implemented.
Questions 4 and 5 both garnered the weighted mean of 3.59 respectively
meaning it is equivalent to a Strongly Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means
that that the respondents strongly agreed with the use of decomposable
packaging will be convenient in the long run. Furthermore, they strongly agree
with decomposable packaging as better to use than traditional packaging (nonbiodegradable plastics). This has been further proven by the resulting standard
deviation of 0.57 and 0.59 respectively meaning that their options are close to
each other from the given means. This means that it coincides with the article of
Delaney (2013), wherein the writer placed some of the major benefits and
convenience of decomposable packaging especially in reducing the traditional
packaging and avoiding the pile up of the waste in the landfills. In relation, the
researchers also agree with decomposable packaging is better to use than other
conventional packaging meaning that aside from the convenience that brings to
them. According to Auclair (2019), that aside from the product a business is
selling, people are also curious or attracted to packaging. This is also added by
Feber et al. (2020) that during the pandemic consumers are now valuing the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
84
importance of sustainability and made people more conscious of their health and
the environment. Based on the following data presented, the researchers believed
that the studies and the results shown correlates and coincides with each other
and this means that these are aligned, timely, and relevant especially nowadays.
The results and the related studies show how decomposable packaging can be
convenient and beneficial to the customers and e-commerce sellers. This just
shows that the respondents will really switch in using decomposable packaging
than decomposable packaging once it has been implemented in the e-commerce
platform and to other business industries.
Question 6 garnered the weighted mean of 3.64 respectively meaning it is
equivalent to a Strongly Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means that strongly
agreed that the implementation of decomposable packaging will be useful to ecommerce industries during these times. This has been further proven by the
resulting standard deviation of 0.53 meaning that their options are close to each
other from the given mean. Decomposable packaging helps reduce carbon
footprint (Hughes, 2019). “The more those with large carbon footprints use
resources, the more greenhouse gases increase and spur further climate
change.” (Jaines, 2018). The related studies and the results show that
decomposable packaging will be essential nowadays wherein this helps in the
social responsibility of the e-commerce business.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
85
•
Sustainable Living and Development
After collecting the data, the researchers came up with the following overall results
under Sustainable Living and Development:
Questions 1 and 2 gathered a weighted mean of 3.62 and 3.66 respectively
meaning it is equivalent to a Strongly Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means
that that the respondents strongly agreed with the implementation of
decomposable packaging will help spread awareness about the different
environmental issues. They have also strongly agreed that decomposable
Packaging will save the life of marine and land species in a certain community.
This has been further proven by the resulting standard deviation of 0.58 and 0.59
respectively meaning that their options are close to each other from the given
means. As what has been stated by Rinkesh (2020) the planet (Earth) is poised
on the brink of a severe environmental crisis. Current environmental problems
make us vulnerable to disasters and tragedies, now and in the future. The
researchers believed that based on the results of Question 1, the respondents
wanted change in what is happening in the environment. Once the implementation
of decomposable packaging started, it will really help spread awareness among
the community. Lee (2021) added that the frequent use of non-biodegradable
materials that became waste may result in a major impact on marine life, where
non-biodegradable plastic containers in oceans and estuaries can harm fish,
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
86
seabirds and other marine life. Crystal (2017) added that plastic debris can really
destroy the wildlife, especially the land and sea creatures ingesting it. In relation
with the second question, the respondents strongly agreed that the use of
decomposable packaging can really help reduce this kind of issues.
Question 3 garnered the weighted mean of 3.50 respectively meaning it is
equivalent to a Strongly Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means that strongly
agreed on having decomposable packaging as prevention in worsening the health
of the person found in non-biodegradable packaging. This has been further
proven by the resulting standard deviation of 0.61 meaning that their options are
close to each other from the given mean. Crystal (2017), wrote in the British
science journal wherein it is recorded that plastics are absorbed by humans, some
of these compounds can change the structure of hormones. Tarantino (2016),
added that researchers found out that increasing carbon dioxide in the
environment as we excessively increase carbon dioxide in our environment by
burning oil and the forest because of the massive use and manufacturing of
conventional or traditional packaging. Plastics are the main causes of air, water
and soil pollution and diseases like cancer (BYJU's, 2020).
Question 4 garnered the weighted mean of 3.55 respectively meaning it is
equivalent to a Strongly Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means that strongly
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
87
agreed that decomposable packaging will really help in achieving a sustainable
living community. This has been further proven by the resulting standard deviation
of 0.60 meaning that their options are close to each other from the given mean.
Kenton (2020) defined the Triple Bottom Line theory as a balance between
committing to both social and environmental concerns just like their concern for
earning profit. This theory encourages people to live up to their Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR). The theory of sustainability suggests that sustainability
describes a form of economy and society that is lasting and can be lived on a
global scale. Based on the data given the researchers believed that through the
respondent’s perception towards this matter will really make decomposable
packaging as a possible way of sustaining the profit (the business), people, and
the environment.
Questions 5 and 6 gathered a weighted mean of 3.62 and 3.65 respectively
meaning it is equivalent to a Strongly Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means
that that the respondents strongly agreed with the decomposable packaging that
can improve the health and biocapacity of the environment. They have also
strongly agreed that the use of decomposable packaging will reduce and help
lessen future environmental problems. This has been further proven by the
resulting standard deviation of 0.56 and 0.55 respectively meaning that their
options are close to each other from the given means. This result supported the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
88
the research of Pongrácz (2007) wherein the continuous use of conventional or
traditional packaging may result to litter, water, air, and land (solid wastes)
pollution.
•
Convenience
After collecting the data, the researchers came up with the following overall results
under Convenience:
Questions 1 and 2 gathered a weighted mean of 3.35 and 3.58 respectively
meaning it is equivalent to a Strongly Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means
that that the respondents strongly agreed with the implementation of
decomposable packaging provides convenience to both the suppliers and its
customers. They have also strongly agreed with the use of decomposable
packaging makes it easier to dispose different wastes. This has been further
proven by the resulting standard deviation of 0.64 and 0.62 respectively meaning
that their options are close to each other from the given means. According to
Feber et al. (2020), during the pandemic consumers are now valuing the
importance of sustainability and made people more conscious of their health and
the environment. The article of Pante (2021) shows that different online
businesses who are selling eco-friendly products and packaging. Econest
Philippines is one of those small businesses using eco-friendly packaging through
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
89
the use of plant-based packaging which promotes a sustainable alternative to
plastics. The results show that the first question really correspond with the given
related studies wherein decomposable packaging will provide convenience to
both the suppliers and its customers. In relation to the second question, according
to Apte (2020), decomposable packaging is made from recycled materials, which
makes it easier to dispose, Folk (2021) also stated the same thing. Switching to
decomposable packaging does not only benefit our environment, but also the
business itself. This means that given the results of the second question having
stated that the respondents strongly agreed the statement that decomposable
packaging makes it easier to dispose different wastes, makes the result and the
related studies connected and compatible that will lead to a good sign that
decomposable packaging can really make a good contribution to the environment.
Question 3 garnered the weighted mean of 3.19 respectively meaning it is
equivalent to an Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means that they agreed with
the implementation of decomposable packaging has an effect on the buying
behavior of the customers. This has been further proven by the resulting standard
deviation of 0.76 meaning that their options are kind of dispersed to each other
from the given mean. Given the following figures, the researchers believed that
there are other respondents that disagree on changing their buying behaviors if
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
90
they are able to experience the change of conventional packaging to
decomposable packaging. This disperse in the perception of the respondents has
been further discussed in an article by Pratap (2019), where the writer connects
age and education to the buying behavior of consumers. The writer states, “When
people are young, they spend more on their lifestyle needs from fun and movies
to fashion. As they grow older, their expenses on these things shrink.” The writer
also added that “People’s preferences can change with education. Education
affects a number of things including the fashion you wear and the programs you
watch.” This means that the buying behavior of the consumers changes from time
to time depending on the experience that they encounter or discovered. That is
why in relation to the given study, the results coming from the respondents shows
that the related study coincides and proves the result that is present. This means
that the respondents have different perceptions depending on how they perceive
things and based from their experience that they encounter.
Question 4 garnered the weighted mean of 3.43 respectively meaning it is
equivalent to a Strongly Agree option in the Likert Scale. This means that strongly
agreed that as a student, it is convenient for them to carry and manage
decomposable packaging rather than non-biodegradable packaging. This has
been further proven by the resulting standard deviation of 0.65 meaning that their
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
91
options are close to each other from the given mean. The results proved that the
respondents are very convenient in managing the decomposable packaging. This
further proves that the implementation of decomposable packaging for the
respondents would be easy for them.
C. Specifics, Contents, and Characteristics of Decomposable Packaging
•
The kind of products wherein decomposable packaging will be
implemented:
Table 8: Overall Tally and Percentage Results for the Part 2 Survey- Question 1
OVERALL-Question 1
Rank with Entity
1- Clothes and Apparel
2- Supplies and
Equipment
3- Stationery
4- Fragile
5- Electronics and
Gadgets
6- Others
Foods and
beverage
Candies
Merch
Grocery Industry
Make up
Accessories
Non-lifetime of
usage
Most products
Total Number of Tally
(Numerical)
314
Percentage
27.42%
258
22.53%
257
153
22.45%
13.36%
143
12.49%
20
1.75%
8.5
1
1
4
0.5
1
1
1
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
92
Anything not
fragile
Light and Manageable to
bring
Total Tally for the
Question:
1
1
1145
100%
Based from the given data for the first question, table 8 shows the leading
answer is clothes and apparel with a percentage of 27.42%, followed by (2)
supplies and equipment which has 22.53%, (3) stationery with 22.45%, (4) fragile
with 13.36%, (electronics and gadgets) with 12.49%, (6) others with 1.75%. Based
on the given data the researchers believe that it is best to implement the use of
decomposable packaging in clothes and apparel. This is in accordance to an article
by Kaplan (2013) that was also mentioned in the RRL, the most popular online
shopping items are apparel, electronics, and footwear. Teenagers also spend a
disproportionate amount of money on clothing. Rogers (2013), explained that
diffusion means a process which an innovation is communicated through certain
channels over time among the members of a social system. Through the word of
mouth, it is easier to influence and encourage others to use decomposable
packaging.
•
Specific material the decomposable packaging will be made of:
Table 9: Overall Tally and Percentage Results for the Part 2 Survey- Question 2
OVERALL-Question 2
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
93
Rank with Entity
1- Seed Paper
2- Kraft Paper
3- Others
Recycled Paper
Bagasse
Sugarcane
Decomposable
packaging
Reusable box
packaging
Sea weed based
polyester/plastic
Wheat substitute for
carton packaging
Just as long as its strong,
made simple, and can be
decomposed easily. It
would be better if a tree
would grow out of it when
it passed its date of usage
Total Tally for the
Question:
Total Number of Tally
(Numerical)
273
252
7
1
Percentage
51.32%
47.37%
1.32%
1
1
1
1.5
0.5
1
532
100%
From the date given, table 9 shows the leading answer is seed paper
followed by kraft paper, and the others comes in 3rd place. Seed paper with a
leading percentage of 51.32%, followed by kraft paper with 47.37%, and others
with 1.32%. It was mentioned that seed paper is a handmade paper which has
seeds that can grow to different types of plants (Plantable Paper Explained –
Carragreen, 2018). It is easy to dispose as it can grow new plants and can help
avoid damaging the environment. On the other hand, kraft paper is also one of the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
94
most common material used in different platforms. Compared to traditional papers,
kraft paper is much better to use as it is made from natural ingredients (Liu, 2019).
Since variations are made of paper, it is not compatible with wet goods. The only
difference between them is if the seed paper gets wet and is placed on soil it can
grow into a new plant, while kraft paper breaks down as it gets wet without harming
the environment. According to the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) theory, if a company
doesn’t look beyond its finances and fail to see how the company is doing socially
or environmentally, they are failing to understand the cost and meaning of doing
business. Furthermore, Kenton (2020) TBL theory is a balance between
committing to both social and environmental concerns just like their concern for
earning profit. The main focus of the Triple Bottom Line theory are profit, people,
and planet. From the data given the researchers believe that despite their
differences, both seed paper and kraft paper are a good substitute to plastics as it
does not only positively affect the environment but also the business and economy.
•
The ideal type of packaging to be used in e-commerce transactions
Table 10: Overall Tally and Percentage Results for the Part 2 Survey- Question 3
OVERALL-Question 3
Rank with Entity
1- Paper Bag
2- Box
3- Wrapping Paper
4- Corrugated Bubble
Wrap
Total Number of Tally
(Numerical)
289
246
192
183
Percentage
31.48%
26.80%
20.92%
19.93%
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
95
5- Others
Pencil and
Notebook
Honeycomb Paper
Corrugated
cardboard
Plastic Labo
Recycled shredded
papers
8
Recycled materials
1
Corrugated boxes
Plastic bag
Total Tally for the
Question:
0.87%
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
918
100%
From the data given, table 10 showed the ideal type of packaging based on
the respondents’ opinions, the paper bag comes first with 31.48%, (2) followed by
box with 26.80%, (3) wrapping paper with 20.92%, (4) corrugated bubble wrap with
19.93%, and (5) others with 0.87%. Based from the data and the list of 5 most
common packaging materials used in the world by BrentR (2017), the leading
packaging is paper. Under the infographics of Gere (2017), bubble wraps were
mentioned as one of the “10 Types of Packaging Materials You Should Use” as
good substitute for bubble wraps is corrugated bubble wrap or known as
honeycomb paper wrap. Honeycomb paper is just gaining its popularity, it is a new
innovation in order to help lessen plastic wastes. Honeycomb paper wrap is
compostable and recyclable (Li, 2021). According to the Diffusion of Innovation
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
96
(DOI) theory, innovations should be widely adopted in order to attain development
and sustainability. Aside from its environmental benefits, it can also help a business
standout from their competitors as it shows how much a business cares for the
environment (Botanical PaperWorks, 2017). Based from the data and information
stated, the researchers believe that implementing decomposable packaging in ecommerce transactions is an innovative idea as it does not only help the
environment, but innovation also attract future customers.
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This section presents the discussion of the data following the sequence of
the research problems posed in Introduction. This also presents the conclusions
drawn based on the findings and offers recommendations for institutional
improvement and further studies.
Summary of Findings
The study aimed to discover the perceptions of the selected high school
students on the implementation of decomposable packaging in E-Commerce
transactions as a basis for product proposal. Specifically, the researchers
speculated the following queries: the demographic profile of the respondents in
terms of age, sex, and grade level; the specifics, contents, and characteristics of
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
97
the decomposable packaging based on the perception of selected student
participants; Does the perception of the selected high school students correspond
with the possible implementation of the product proposal of Decomposable
Packaging on E-Commerce Transactions; and determining on what product
proposal the researchers will recommend to product manufacturers.
The researchers used quantitative data analysis, where the results are all
numerical and gathered data through survey checklists and form distributed to
selected high school students. The questionnaire was then sent to the research
consultants and research adviser for validation. Once validated, it was distributed
to the respondents via an online platform named google forms. 411 students were
selected as participants because of the results coming from the Slovin's formula
and because of the simple random sampling that was done by the researchers.
The researches then conducted the study in Our Lady of Peace School in
Antipolo City during the second and third week of March. The said participants are
coming from the selected high school students, specifically from grades 10,11, and
12. The participants then answered the form to have their perceptions and data
checklist regarding the implementation of decomposable packaging. The
researchers then tabulated the data using Weighted Mean (WM), Standard
Deviation (SD) for the first part of the form which is the perception of the
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
98
respondents regarding the possible implementation of the decomposable
packaging. Percentage Distribution and Ranking is used for the second part of the
form which is the rating of the specifics, contents, and characteristics of the
decomposable packaging. Both parts will be considered by the researchers for the
basis of the product proposal. After thorough investigation, interpretation, and
analysis, the researchers had come up with the following findings:
1. The researchers gathered 411 total respondents for the study. The
researchers used students of Our Lady of Peace School from grades 10-12.
There were 159 participants from grade 10, 122 participants from grade 11,
and 130 students from grade 12 (Please See figure 10). Both male and
female participated in the survey. The total number of male participants is 184
and the total number of female participants is 227 (Please see Fig. 8). The
age range of the participants were 14-20 years of age. There were 2
participants who are at the age of 14, 21 participants under 15 years old, both
16 and 17 years old has 131 participants, 105 participants are 18 years old,
20 participants are 19 years old, and 1 participant is 20 years old (Please see
Fig. 9).
2. The researchers found out that based from the perception of respondents
according to the possible implementation of decomposable packaging, it has
been segmented by the following categories:
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
99
➢ Innovation
Over all the respondents strongly agreed with the decomposable
packaging as a good innovation for the business industries, people and
environment. They also strongly agreed that decomposable packaging is
far more way better than conventional and traditional packaging (e.g.,
plastic labo, paper bags, cans, etc.) (please see tables 6 and 7).
➢ Sustainable living and Development
The respondents strongly agreed that decomposable packaging is a
good start in lessening the pile up of wastes that can harm the environment.
It is also a good factor in taking good care of the heath and the biocapacity
of the nature and environment. They also strongly agreed that
decomposable packaging can help in preventing a person in worsening
health conditions found in non-biodegradable packaging and will also save
the lives of the marine and land species (please see tables 6 and 7).
➢ Convenience
The researcher’s findings show that the respondents strongly agreed
with the ease and convenience of using and handling decomposable
packaging, especially when it comes to proper waste management, to the
consumer’s buying behavior, and when it comes to the relationship of the
suppliers and the customers (Please see tables 6 and 7).
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
100
3. The researchers found out that when it comes to the specifics, contents, and
characteristics of decomposable packaging, based from the results and
discussions that was given, the respondents want to implement the use of
decomposable packaging in clothes and apparel. They also want the
decomposable packaging to be made out of a seed paper that will have a
structure like a paper bag (Please see tables 8 to 10).
Conclusions
This section will provide the conclusions of the researchers based on what
has been transpired in the study. The researchers gathered data through survey
questionnaires and waited for the questionnaire’s approval from the validators. The
survey aims to know the perception of the participants regarding the
implementation of decomposable packaging in e-commerce transactions, what
specific materials do they want to use for the packaging, and in which kind of
products do they want it to be implemented. After thorough investigation,
interpretation, and analysis, the researchers had concluded the following:
1.The demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
•
Grade Level
-
The researchers used students of Our Lady of Peace School from grades
10-12. There were 159 participants from grade 10, 122 participants from
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
101
grade 11, and 130 students from grade 12. The overall sample size is
411.
•
Sex
-
Both male and female participated in the survey. The total number of
male participants is 184 and the total number of female participants is
227.
•
Age
-
The age range of the participants were 14-20 years of age. There were
2 participants who are at the age of 14, 21 participants under 15 years
old, both 16 and 17 years old has 131 participants, 105 participants are
18 years old, 20 participants are 19 years old, and 1 participant is 20
years old.
2. Based from the data gathered the researchers found out that the participants
would like to implement it on clothes and apparel. For the material to be
used, most of the participants chose seed paper and most participants
wanted it to be in a form of paper bag.
3. The perception of the selected high school students corresponds with the
possible implementation of the product proposal of Decomposable
Packaging on E-Commerce Transactions.
4. Based from the results and findings the researchers will create a product
proposal that includes the prototype and blueprint of the product. In addition,
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
102
the researchers will present the description and market analysis of the
product that will be presented to the school (Our Lady of Peace School), high
school students, and ABM and College students who are in the field of
Business and Commerce.
Recommendations
This section will provide the recommendations of the researchers to future
researchers. The researchers gathered data through survey questionnaires and
waited for the questionnaire’s approval from the validators. The survey aims to
know the perception of the participants regarding the implementation of
decomposable packaging in e-commerce transactions, what specific materials do
they want to use for the packaging, and in which kind of products do they want it
to be implemented on. These recommendations are based from the findings and
data the researchers have gathered.
1. Since the perception of the selected high school students towards the
implementation
of
the
decomposable
packaging
in
e-commerce
transactions are positive, the e-commerce industry should consider using a
variety of decomposable packaging that can accommodate and adopt to the
needs of their customers while being a help to the environment.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
103
2. Based on the responses from the conducted survey, future researchers
should take note the different specifics, contents, and characteristics of the
decomposable packaging that is suggested by some respondents.
3. Future researchers should look into the causes of plastic pile up due to ecommerce transactions and find alternative solution to reduce wastes aside
from proper waste management.
4. Future researchers may use Middle Ages as samples for future studies and
look for significant differences and similarities between younger ages and
Middle Ages with regards to their perception.
5. Future researchers may use samples outside the OLPSian-Paulinian
community in order to broaden the scope of the study.
6. Future researchers should consult the manufacturers if the chosen
packaging is ideal for the product in which it will be implemented on.
7. Future researchers may use materials available in the Philippines which
may be used as a substitute to plastics such as abaca fiber, cassava fiber,
coconut fiber, etc.
8. Based on the Results and Findings, the researchers recommend the
product proposal that has a product prototype and product blueprint that is
made of seed and kraft paper that is universally made for small and large
variants of packaging like boxes, wrapping paper, and paper bag.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
104
REFERENCES
Book and Journal Sources:
Bartik, A., Bertrand, M., Cullen, Z., Glaeser, E., Luca, M., & Stanton, C. (2020, July
28). The impact of COVID-19 on small business outcomes and
expectations.
PNAS.
Retrieved
March
3,
2021,
from
https://www.pnas.org/content/117/30/17656
Biona, J. B. M. M., Gonzaga, J. A., Ubando, A. T., & Tan, H. C. (2015). A
comparative life cycle analysis of plastic and paper packaging bags in the
Philippines. 2015 International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology,
Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and
Management
(HNICEM).
Retrieved
March
4,
2021
from,
https://doi.org/10.1109/hnicem.2015.7393237
Brusseau, J. (2021). The Business Ethics Workshop: Vol. 1.0. FlatWorld.
Retrieved March 4, 2021 from
https://resources.saylor.org/wwwresources/archived/site/textbooks/The%2
0Business%20Ethics%20Workshop.pdf
Center for Sustainable Systems. (2020, September). Carbon Footprint Factsheet
| Center for Sustainable Systems. Center for Sustainable Systems,
University
of
Michigan.
Retrieved
February
16,
http://css.umich.edu/factsheets/carbon-footprint-factsheet
2021,
from
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
105
Hilario, J. S. (2014). Responsiveness of fast-food chain managers along Far
Eastern University (FEU-Manila) towards the implementation of green
practices in restaurants. Retrieved March 4, 2021 from, MaJournal Issues
ISSN, 2360, 8803.
Magalang, A. A. (2014). Municipal solid waste management in the Philippines.
In Municipal Solid Waste Management in Asia and the Pacific Islands (pp.
281-297). Retrieved March 4, 2020 from, Springer, Singapore.
McMichael, A. (2006, April 1). Public health, the environment and the 21st century:
a wider field of vision. European Journal of Health. Retrieved February 16,
2021, from https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/18/2/101/455784
Merriam Webster. (n.d.). biodegradable. The Merriam-Webster.Com Dictionary.
Retrieved
February
10,
2021,
from
https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/biodegradable#:%7E:text=English%20Language%
20Learners%20Definition%20of,natural%20processes%2C%20bacteria%
2C%20etc.
Merriam Webster. (n.d.-a). Generation Z. The Merriam-Webster.Com Dictionary.
Retrieved
February
10,
2021,
webster.com/dictionary/Generation%20Z
from
https://www.merriam-
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
106
Merriam Webster. (n.d.-b). millennial. The Merriam-Webster.Com Dictionary.
Retrieved
February
10,
2021,
from
https://www.merriam-
The
Merriam-Webster.Com
webster.com/dictionary/millennial
Merriam
Webster.
(n.d.).
non-biodegradable.
Dictionary. Retrieved February 10, 2021, from https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/nonbiodegradable
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Phthalate. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved
February
21,
2021,
from
https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/phthalate
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Polyethylene. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary.
Retrieved
February
24,
2021,
from
https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/polyethylene
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Transaction. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary.
Retrieved
February
15,
2021,
from
https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/transaction
Pongrácz, Eva. (2007). The Environmental Impacts of Packaging. Retrieved
February 10, 2021, from 10.1002/9780470168219.ch9.
Rume, T., & Islam. (2020, September 17). Environmental effects of COVID-19
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
107
pandemic and potential strategies of sustainability. PubMed Central (PMC).
Retrieved
February
14,
2021,
from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7498239/#:%7E:text=The%
20global%20disruption%20caused%20by,different%20parts%20of%20the
%20world.
Senate Economic Planning Office. (2017, November). Philippine Solid Wastes at
a glance. Retrieved February January 28, 2021, from
https://www.bing.com/search?q=philippine+solid+wastes+at+a+glance&cvi
d=df6d31f3f03b447c8ded16c5444b0a30&pglt=675&FORM=ANNTA1&PC
=U531
Sharp, K. C., Candy, S. G., & Troll, L. E. (1980). Gender and generation effects on
person
perception. International
journal
of
aging
&
human
development, 11(4), 307–318. Retrieved February January 30, 2021, from
https://doi.org/10.2190/AXTP-3QLH-UAFW-5MY1
Shamsuddin, I. M., Jafar, J. A., Shawai, A. S. A., Yusuf, S., Lateefah, M., & Aminu,
I. (2017). Bioplastics as better alternative to petroplastics and their role in
national sustainability: a review. Retrieved March 4, 2021 from, Advances
in Bioscience and Bioengineering, 5(4), 63-70.
Song, J. H., Murphy, R. J., Narayan, R., & Davies, G. B. H. (2009). Biodegradable
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
108
and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics. Retrieved March 5,
2021 from, Philosophical transactions of the royal society B: Biological
sciences, 364(1526), 2127-2139.
Tutorials Point. (2015). Individual and Group Behaviour. OpenLearn. Retrieved
February January 29, 2021, from https:// www.open.edu/openlearn/moneybusiness/business-strategy-studies/social-marketing/content-section0?intro=1
Electronic Sources:
A. (2017, May 16). Biodegradable bags, compostable bags, and recyclable bags
– help! What does it all mean? Ecology pkg. Retrieved February 16, 2021,
from https://www.ecologypkg.com/biodegradable-bags-compostable-bagsand-recyclable-bags-help-what-does-it-all-mean/
Abaño, J. (2020, October 15). Online marketplaces thriving in the Philippines since
Covid-19 crisis. Inside Retail. Retrieved February 12, 2021, from
https://insideretail.asia/2020/10/15/online-marketplaces-thriving-in-thephilippines-after-covid-19-crisis/
Accountlearning. (2020, July 14). Advantages of E-Commerce to Society and
Nation. Accountlearning | Contents for Management Studies |. Retrieved
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
109
January
26,
2021,
from
https://accountlearning.com/advantages-e-
commerce-society-nation/
Advantageous of Plantable Paper. (2020, September 17). Global Magzine.
Retrieved
March
30,
2021
from
https://www.globalmagzine.com/advantageous-of-plantablepaper/#:%7E:text=With%20the%20growing%20concern%20of%20pollutio
n%20and%20global,environment%20but%20is%20also%20very%20expe
dient%20to%20use.
Apte, S. (2020, May 15). 7 Advantages of Using Eco-Friendly Packaging ». Small
Business
Bonfire.
Retrieved
February
23,
2021,
from
https://www.smallbusinessbonfire.com/eco-friendly-packaging/
Auclair, M. (2019, September 12). ARE ECO-FRIENDLY, PLASTIC-FREE
PRODUCTS MORE EXPENSIVE? Unpacked Living. Retrieved February 22,
2021,
from
https://www.unpackedliving.com/blogs/news/disposable-is-
expensive
Bhasin, H. (2019, March 1). What is Carroll’s Pyramid of Corporate Social
Responsibility?
Retrieved
March
11,
2021,
from
Marketing91:
https://www.marketing91.com/what-is-carrolls-pyramid-of-corporate-socialresponsibility/
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
110
Bloomenthal, A., & Anderson, S. (2020, November 24). Electronic Commerce (ecommerce). Investopedia. Retrieved February January 28, 2021, from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/ecommerce.asp#:%7E:text=What%2
0Is%20Electronic%20Commerce%20(ecommerce)?%20Electronic%20commerce%20or,market%20segments:%20
Business%20to%20business.%20Business%20to%20consumer.
Bona, C., Koslow, L., Frantz, R., Nadres, B., & Ratajczak, D. (2020, June 16). How
Marketers Can Win with Gen Z and Millennials Post-COVID-19. BCG Global.
Retrieved
February
8,
2021,
from
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2020/how-marketers-can-win-with-gen-zmillennials-post-covid
Botanical PaperWorks. (n.d.). Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved April 1,
2021, from https://botanicalpaperworks.com/faq/
Botanical PaperWorks. (2017, March 1). Sustainable Eco Packaging with Seed
Paper. Retrieved March 30, 2021 from
https://botanicalpaperworks.com/blog/sustainable-eco-packaging-withseed-paper/
BrentR, V. A. P. B. (2017, March 27). 5 of the Most Common Packaging Materials
in
the
World.
Packaging
Blog.
Retrieved
April
1,
2021
from
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
111
https://packagingblog.org/2017/03/27/5-of-the-most-common-packagingmaterials-in-theworld/#:%7E:text=5%20of%20the%20Most%20Common%20Packaging%
20Materials%20in,most%20commonly%20used%20and%20recognized%
20. . .%20More%20items
Carey, F. A. (n.d.). Chlorofluorocarbon | chemical compound. Encyclopedia
Britannica.
Retrieved
February
10,
2021,
from
https://www.britannica.com/science/chlorofluorocarbon#:%7E:text=Chloroflu
orocarbon%20(CFC)%2C%20any%20of,a%20trademark%20of%20the%20
E.I.
Compass, G. (2021, January 4). Environmental Issues Guide: What to Know Now.
Giving
Compass.
Retrieved
February
16,
2021,
from
https://givingcompass.org/article/environmental-issues/
Delaney,
P.
(2013,
February
7). COMPOSTABLE
PACKAGING
IS
CONVENIENCE PACKAGING. - Down2Earth Materials. Down2Earth
Materials.
Retrieved
April
10,
2021
from,
https://www.down2earthmaterials.ie/2013/02/07/compostable-convenience/
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
112
Diffusion of Innovation Theory. (2013, August 26). Communication Theory.
Retrieved
March
13,
2021
from,
https://www.communicationtheory.org/diffusion-of-innovation-theory/
Ekardt, F. (2018, August 9). Theory of Sustainability. Sustainability-JusticeClimate.eu. Retrieved March 7, 2021 from, http://www.sustainability-justiceclimate.eu/en/nachhaltigkeit.html#:~:text=Theory%20of%20Sustainability.%
20Sustainability%20describes%20a%20form%20of,time%E2%80%99%20f
aces%20the%20peril%20of%20getting%20out%20sight.
Fast SIncere. (2020, 02 03). Advantages and disadvantages of kraft paper bags.
Retrieved March 31, 2021, from Top Plastic Bag: https://www.topplasticbag.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-kraft-paper-bags
Feber, D., Granskog, A., Lingqvist, O., & Nordigården, D. (2020, October 21).
Sustainability in packaging: Inside the minds of US consumers. McKinsey &
Company.
Retrieved
February
22,
2021,
from
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/paper-forest-products-andpackaging/our-insights/sustainability-in-packaging-inside-the-minds-of-usconsumers
Fernandes, P. (2020, April 10). What Is the Triple Bottom Line? Business.Com.
Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.business.com/articles/triplebottom-line-defined/
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
113
Folk, E. (2020, January 19). How Important Is Eco-Friendly Packaging? | Green
Journal. Green Journal | News about Green Energy. Retrieved February 16,
2021, from https://www.greenjournal.co.uk/2020/01/how-important-is-ecofriendly-packaging/
Folk, E. (2021, January 16). 5 Benefits of Biodegradable Packaging for
Businesses. BioEnergyConsult. Retrieved February 14, 2021, from
https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/biodegradablepackaging/#:%7E:text=Biodegradable%20packaging%20has%20the%20pot
ential,the%20cost%20of%20the%20transition.
Fuster, J. I., & Jimeno, E. L. (2020, November 18). The growth of e-commerce
during the pandemic: myth or reality? CaixaBank Research. Retrieved
February 4, 2021, from https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/economicsmarkets/activity-growth/growth-e-commerce-during-pandemic-myth-orreality
GDPR. (2020, December 7). Byju’s The Learning App. Retrieved February 7, 2021,
from
https://byjus.com/chemistry/biodegradable-and-non
biodegradable/#:%7E:text=What%20does%20Nonbiodegradable%20mean?%20A%20NonBiodegradable%20material%20can,Unlike%20biodegradable%20wastes,%
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
114
20non-biodegradable%20cannot%20be%20easily%20handled.
Gere, G. (2017, December 12). 10 Types of Packaging Materials You Should Use
[Infographic].
Medium.
Retrieved
April
1,
2021
from
https://medium.com/@packagingexpressuk/10-types-packaging-materialsyou-should-use-21e6427f5e48
Haywood, L. (2018, November 29). What is the difference between compostable
and home compostable packaging? Packaging Solutions. Retrieved February
16,
2021,
from
https://papackagingsolutions.com.au/what-is-difference-
between-compostable-and-home-compostable-packaging/
Integralmedia Aus. (2019, November 23). 4 Reasons Why Consumers Want
Biodegradable Packaging. Biogone. Retrieved February 8, 2021, from
https://www.biogone.com.au/consumers-want-biodegradable-packaging/
International
Institute
for
Sustainable
Development.
(n.d.).
Sustainable
Development. Retrieved February 16, 2021, from https://www.iisd.org/aboutiisd/sustainable-development
K. (2019c, March 30). The future of e-commerce: Generation Z. Learn UX.
Retrieved February 8, 2021, from https://www.keepitusable.com/blog/thefuture-of-ecommerce-generation-z/
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
115
Kaplan, R. (2020, July 14). Why We Need Leadership from E-Commerce And
Retail To Solve The Plastic Pollution Crisis. Forbes. Retrieved January 25,
2021,
from
https://www.forbes.com/sites/robkaplan/2020/07/14/why-we-
need-leadership-from-e-commerce-and-retail-to-solve-the-plastic-pollutioncrisis/?sh=7ea485b533fc
Kenton, W. (2020, October 10). Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Definition. Investopedia.
Retrieved March 8, 2021, from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/triple-bottom-line.asp
Lagas, B. (2015, September 10). Five Benefits of Embracing Sustainability and
Green
Manufacturing.
NIST.
Retrieved
February
16,
2021,
from
https://www.nist.gov/blogs/manufacturing-innovation-blog/five-benefitsembracing-sustainability-and-green-manufacturing
Lee, K. (2019, March 2). What Are the Effects of Non-Biodegradable Waste?
Sciencing. Retrieved February 16, 2021, from https://sciencing.com/effectsnonbiodegradable-waste-8452084.html
Li, B. (2021, March 16). HoneyComb Kraft Paper Wrap – The New Eco-Friendly
Bubble Wrap Alternative. Awesome Pack. Retrieved April 2, 2021 from
https://www.awesomepack.com.au/blogs/news/honeycomb-kraft-paperwrap-the-new-eco-friendly-bubble-wrap-alternative
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
116
Liu, B. (2019, June 3). Sustainable Packaging and How it Affects Your Business.
Retrieved
March
31,
2021,
from
PakFactory:
https://pakfactory.com/blog/sustainable-packaging-affectingbusiness/#:~:text=Kraft,packaging%20materials%20in%20the%20world.&t
ext=Bleaching%20is%20also%20not%20involved,keep%20a%20low%20s
hipping%20cost.
Madaan, S., & Madaan, S. (2017, July 18). Plastic Waste: Environmental Effects
of Plastic Pollution. Earth Eclipse. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from
https://www.eartheclipse.com/environment/environmental-effects-plasticpollution.html
Mcleod, S. (2021). Visual Perception | Simply Psychology. Simplypsychology.org.
Retrieved
March
12,
2021
from,
https://www.simplypsychology.org/perception-theories.html
Miller, C. (2018, November 23). The Environmental Benefits of Paper Based
Packaging. Retrieved April 2, 2021, from Ways2GoGreen:
https://www.ways2gogreenblog.com/2018/11/23/the-environmentalbenefits-of-paper-based-packaging/
Oxford. (n.d.). Adverbial Theory. Oxford Reference. Retrieved March 11, 2021,
from
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
117
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.2011080309535
2862#:%7E:text=An%20adverbial%20theory%20of%20perception%20takes
%20the%20actobject,an%20adverb%20describing%20how%20the%20action%20is%20per
formed
Packaging and Labelling. (2016, December 02). Top 5 advantages of using
Plastics Packaging. Retrieved April 2, 2021, from Packaging and Labelling
Blog:
http://blog.packaging-labelling.com/top-5-advantages-of-using-
plastics-packaging/
Packaging Supplies Ltd. (2020, April 17). What Are the Benefits of Compostable
Packaging? Packaging Supplies. Retrieved February 16, 2021, from
https://www.pack-supplies.co.uk/benefits-compostable-packaging/
Parker, L. (2020, October 6). Plastic pollution is a huge problem—and it’s not too
late to fix it. National Geographic. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/10/plastic-pollution-hugeproblem-not-too-late-to-fix-it/
Plantable Paper Explained – Carragreen. (2018, November 21). Carragreen.
Retrieved April 1, 2021 from https://carragreen.com/tasty-copy-4/
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
118
Pratap, A. (2019, January 25). Effect of Demographic Factors on Consumer
Behavior: Age, sex, Income and Education. Notesmatic. Retrieved February
22,
2021,
from
https://notesmatic.com/2017/07/effect-of-demographic-
factors-on-consumer-behavior-age-sex-income-and-education/
Patterson, J. (2017, November 17). Female Perception vs. Male Perception.
Retrieved
February
24,
2021,
from
Everyday
Health.
https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/female-perception-vs-maleperception/
R., & R. (2020, June 17). 20 Environmental Problems That Our World is Facing
Today. Conserve Energy Future. Retrieved February 16, 2021, from
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/15-current-environmentalproblems.php
Roberge, D. (2018, May 9). 6 Benefits of Sustainable Packaging. Industrial
Packaging.
Retrieved
February
8,
2021,
from
https://www.industrialpackaging.com/blog/6-benefits-of-sustainablepackaging
Rohlin, A. (2021, February 19). What Are the Different Theories of Perception?
Wisegeek. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.wisegeek.com/whatare-the-different-theories-of-perception.htm
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
119
Rogers, K. (2020, September 8). Microplastics. Encyclopedia Britannica.
Retrieved
February
24,
2021,
from
https://www.britannica.com/technology/microplastic
S. (2020, August 19). What Is The Impact of E-commerce on Society. Blog BulbandKey.
Retrieved
January
26,
2021,
from
https://bulbandkey.com/blog/business/what-is-the-impact-of-e-commerceonsociety/#:%7E:text=E%2Dcommerce%20facilitates%20the%20fundamental,
and%20improve%20the%20global%20presence.&text=With%20its%20intro
duction%2C%20E%2Dcommerce,business%20at%20a%20global%20level
S, S. (2018, August 1). What is Perception? definition, factors, process and
importance. Business Jargons. Retrieved February 16, 2021, from
https://businessjargons.com/perception.html
Sanchez, M. (2020, June 19). Online purchase behavior during COVID-19
pandemic Philippines 2020. Statista. Retrieved February 16, 2021, from
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1126355/philippines-impact-on-onlinepurchase-behavior-covid-19/
Sanchez, M. (2020, October 16). E-commerce in the Philippines - statistics &
facts. Statista. Retrieved March 2, 2021, from
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
120
https://www.statista.com/topics/6539/e-commerce-in-the-philippines/
Sanchez, M. (2021, January 27). Share of e-commerce activities of internet users
Philippines Q3 2019. Statista. Retrieved March 2, 2021, from
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1125430/philippines-e-commerceactivities-internet-users/
San Jose, C. (2020, December 23). After paper “bubble wrap” comes compostable
cling wrap. How good are its promises? - NOLISOLI. NOLISOLI. Retrieved
March 3, 2021, from https://nolisoli.ph/91189/compostable-cling-wrap20201223/
Sarkina. (2020, April 29). Glass Packaging: The Pros and Cons. Retrieved April
2, 2021, from Sarkina: https://www.sarkina.com/blog/post/glasspackaging-pros-and-cons
Self-Perception Theory. (2016, January 19). Retrieved March 11, 2021, from
Psychology: http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/socialpsychology-theories/self-perception-theory/
Sherif, M. (2010, February 22). A Study of Some Social Factors in Perception. The
Mead
Project.
Retrieved
February
26,
2021,
from
https://brocku.ca/MeadProject/Sherif/Sherif_1935a/Sherif_1935a_4
Stanford. (2015, December 31). The Problem of Perception. The Stanford
Encyclopedia
of
Philosophy.
Retrieved
March
11,
2021,
from
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
121
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/perceptionproblem/#:~:text=The%20adverbial%20theory%20is%20committed,a%20pr
operty%20of%20that%20event
Statista. (2020, June 18). Distribution online shoppers Philippines 2018, by age
group.
Statista.
Retrieved
January
26,
2021,
from
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1032036/age-group-distribution-onlineshoppersphilippines/#:%7E:text=In%20the%20Philippines%2C%20about%2052,34
%20years%20old%20in%202018.
Tan, A. (2020, June 25). PH E-Commerce Grows As Sellers Move Online During
Pandemic. Retrieved March 4, 2021, from Syntactics:
https://www.syntacticsinc.com/news-articles-cat/ph-ecommerce/
Tarantino, J. (2016, July 21). Current Environment Problems That Our World Is
Facing. The Environmental Blog. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from
https://www.theenvironmentalblog.org/2016/07/current-environmentproblems-that-our-world-is-facing/
Transparency Market Research. (2020). Transparencymarketresearch.com.
Retrieved
March
3,
2020
from,
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
122
https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/pbat-polybutylene-adipateterephthalate-market.html
The Benefits of Using Seed Paper. (2013, August 10). Custom Earth Promos.
Retrieved March 30, 2021 from https://www.customearthpromos.com/ecoblog/benefits-of-seed-paper
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2020, July 7). Growing
plastic pollution in wake of COVID-19: how trade policy can help | UNCTAD.
Unctad.Org.
Retrieved
February
8,
2021,
from
https://unctad.org/news/growing-plastic-pollution-wake-covid-19-how-tradepolicy-can-help
UpKeep. (2019, October 3). What Are the Most Common Types of Packaging
Materials? Onupkeep. Retrieved April 1, 2021 from
https://www.onupkeep.com/answers/manufacturing/common-types-ofpackaging-materials/
What are the Objectives of Ecommerce? - An Expert Guide. (n.d.). Builderfly.Com.
Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.builderfly.com/what-are-theobjectives-of-ecommerce-an-expert-guide/
What are plastics: PlasticsEurope. (n.d.). PlasticsEurope. Retrieved February 16,
2021,
from
https://www.plasticseurope.org/en/about-plastics/what-are-
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
123
plastics#:%7E:text=Plastics%20are%20organic%20materials%2C%20just%
20like%20wood%2C%20paper%20or%20wool,%27%2C%20meaning%20fit
%20for%20moulding
Why Are Companies Switching to Eco-Friendly Packaging? (2018, January 29).
Creopack.
Retrieved
January
25,
2021,
from
https://creopack.com/en/articles/why-switch-eco-friendly-packaging/
Veins, A. & Visual Capitalist. (2019, October 2). Who uses social media the most?
World
Economic
Forum.
Retrieved
February
10,
2021,
from
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/social-media-use-by
generation/#:%7E:text=Generation%20Z,55%20minutes%20spent%20per%
20dy
News Articles:
Adel, R. (2020, October 27). Beauty brand’s eco-packaging does away with those
wasteful bubble wraps. Interaksyon. Retrieved March 3, 2021, from
https://interaksyon.philstar.com/hobbiesinterests/2020/10/27/179397/beauty-brands-eco-packaging-does-awaywith-those-wasteful-bubble-wraps/
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
124
Benedict L, K. B. (2019, February 3). What’s Driving eCommerce in the
Philippines?
Janio.
Retrieved
January
25,
2021,
from
https://janio.asia/articles/what-s-driving-ecommerce-in-the-philippines/
Biodegradable and Compostable Definitions. (n.d.). Green Good. Retrieved
February 27, 2021, from
http://www.greengood.com/terms_to_know/biodegradable_and_composta
ble_definitions.htm#:%7E:text=Compostable.%20A%20product%20that%
20is%20%E2%80%9Ccompostable%E2%80%9D%20is%20one,in%20nat
ure%20every%20day%20as%20fallen%20leaves
Bioplastic News. (2015, April 18). Polylactic Acid or Polylactide (PLA). Bioplastics
News. Retrieved March 3, 2020 from, https://bioplasticsnews.com/polylacticacid-or-polylactide-pla/
Cahiles-Magkilat, B. (2020, November 11). E-commerce drives PH digital
economy growth. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved March 4, 2021, from
https://mb.com.ph/2020/11/11/e-commerce-drives-ph-digital-economygrowth/
Charm, N. (2020, August 2). The state of e-commerce in the Philippines |
BusinessWorld. BusinessWorld. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from
https://www.bworldonline.com/the-state-of-e-commerce-in-the-philippines/
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
125
Chron. (2020, December 1). How Does Packaging Affect Consumers? Small
Business
-
Chron.Com.
Retrieved
February
8,
2021,
from
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/packaging-affect-consumers-70612.html
Corrosionpedia. (2014, May 7). Volatile Solids. Retrieved February 16, 2021, from
https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/1154/volatile-solids
Corrosionpedia. (2014, June 30). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Retrieved
February
16,
2021,
from
https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/155/biochemical-oxygendemand-bod
Corrosionpedia. (2017, January 7). Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Retrieved
February
16,
2021,
from
https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/3207/chemical-oxygen-demandcod
Corrosionpedia. (2017, April 19). Total Suspended Solids (TSS). Retrieved
February
16,
2021,
from
https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/6165/total-suspended-solidstss#:%7E:text=Total%20suspended%20solids%20(TSS)%20are%20a%20
water%20quality,=%20Total%20Suspended%20Solids%20+%20Total%20
Dissolved%20Solids
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
126
Crystal, M. (2019, March 2). Harmful Effects of Plastic Waste Disposal. Sciencing.
Retrieved February 16, 2021, from https://sciencing.com/harmful-effectsplastic-waste-disposal-5591699.html
DCU, P. (2018, November 7). Plastic Pollution: Still a big thing? Philippine
Information
Agency.
Retrieved
January
26,
2021,
from
https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1014780
Fortuno-Mioten, E. (2020, October 19). A surge in online retailers | BusinessWorld.
Business
World.
Retrieved
March
3,
2021,
from
https://www.bworldonline.com/a-surge-in-online-retailers/
Galvez, D. (2020, November 11). Eco-groups urge e-commerce sites to reduce
plastic use, packaging waste. INQUIRER.Net. Retrieved January 25, 2021,
from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1359221/eco-groups-urge-e-commercesites-to-reduce-plastic-use-packaging-waste
Gibbs, A. (2016, November 4). Millennials willing to pay more for sustainable,
better quality goods: Nestlé Chairman. CNBC. Retrieved February 8, 2021,
from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/11/04/millennials-willing-to-pay-more-forsustainable-better-quality-goods-nestle-chairman.html
Gita-Carlos, R. A. (2021, February 20). Online biz promotes local, eco-friendly
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
127
products. Philippine News Agency. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1131314
Johnston, I. (2017, September 28). How plastic is damaging planet Earth. The
Independent.
Retrieved
January
26,
2021,
from
https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/plastic-how-planet-earthenvironment-oceans-wildlife-recycling-landfill-artificial-a7972226.html
Kaplan, M. (2013, June 21). Teenage Online Shopping Trends. Practical
Ecommerce.
Retrieved
February
16,
2021,
from
https://www.practicalecommerce.com/Teenage-Online-Shopping-Trends
Lunas, B. (2020, September 2). Pandemic drives e-commerce growth. Manila
Standard. Retrieved January 25, 2021, from
https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/333076
Marasigan, A. (2020, August 2). The state of e-commerce in the Philippines |
BusinessWorld. Business World. Retrieved March 2, 2021, from
https://www.bworldonline.com/the-state-of-e-commerce-in-thephilippines/#:%7E:text=From%20a%20sales%20turnover%20of,purchase
s%2C%20when%20compared%20to%202019
Mateo, J. (2020, September 17). Pandemic worsening plastic pollution — climate
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
128
body.
Philstar.Com.
Retrieved
January
26,
2021,
from
https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/09/18/2043288/pandemicworsening-plastic-pollution-climate-body
Morgan, B. (2021, February 9). Does E-Commerce Care About Sustainability?
Forbes.
Retrieved
February
16,
2021,
from
https://www.forbes.com/sites/blakemorgan/2019/11/05/does-e-commercecare-about-sustainability/?sh=33efee8312c8
Newsbytes.PH. (2020, November 14). E-commerce drives growth of PH digital
economy
in
2020:
report.
Retrieved
March
2,
2021,
from
https://newsbytes.ph/2020/11/14/e-commerce-drives-growth-of-ph-digitaleconomy-in-2020report/#:%7E:text=Resilience%20in%20times%20of%20crisis,%25%20ye
ar%2Don%2Dyear
Palafox, A. F. ". A. (2017, December 6). Ecological waste management. The Manila
Times.
Retrieved
February
16,
2021,
from
https://www.manilatimes.net/2017/12/07/opinion/analysis/ecologicalwaste-management/367117/
Pante, J. L. (2021, February 9). These local IG shops will help you embrace a zerowaste lifestyle. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved March 3, 2021, from
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
129
https://mb.com.ph/2021/02/09/these-local-ig-shops-will-help-you-embracea-zero-waste-lifestyle/
Pedro, M. S. (2021, January 25). We’re producing more plastic in this pandemic.
How do we turn this into a business opportunity?. F&B Report Magazine.
Retrieved January 25, 2021, from http://fnbreport.ph/features/pandemicplastic-waste-problem-into-business-opportunity-mariansp-20200924/
Staff, S. X. (2019, March 8). Philippines survey shows “shocking” plastic waste.
Phys.Org. Retrieved February 16, 2021, from https://phys.org/news/201903-philippines-surveyplastic.html#:%7E:text=Plastic%20pollution%20is%20a%20major%20prob
lem%20in%20the,sachets%20a%20year%2C%20a%20new%20report%2
0said%20Friday
Image Sources:
Diffusion of Innovation Theory. (2013, August 26). Communication Theory.
Retrieved March 13, 2021 from, https://www.communicationtheory.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/08/four-elements-of-diffusion-of-innovation.jpg
What is the ‘Triple Bottom Line (TBL). (2018, March 7). [Venn Diagram]. BonCor.
Retrieved March 11, 2021, from http://boncor.co.za/what-is-the-triplebottom-line-tbl/
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
130
Mcleod, S. (2021). Visual Perception | Simply Psychology. Simplypsychology.org.
Retrieved
March
12,
2021
from,
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Perception.jpg?ezimgfmt=rs:553x292/rs
cb24/ng:webp/ngcb24
ecoPRO Guiding Principles. (2015, February 17). EcoPRO Sustainable
Landscape Professional Certification; ecoPRO Sustainable Landscape
Professional
Certification.
Retrieved
March
13,
2021
from,
https://ecoprocertified.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/ecopro-sphere-ofsustainability-lr.jpg
ErikaBeam. (2015, April 28). Social PsychChapter16. Slideshare.net. Retrieved
March
13,
2021
from,
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter16-
150428095929-conversion-gate02/95/social-psychchapter16-14638.jpg?cb=1430233219
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
131
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Grade 10 Participants p.69
Section
COS
BON
SJP 2
JER
STL
AUG
SJ 23
GRADE 10
Class Size
Sample Size
37
22
37
22
38
23
37
23
38
23
38
23
38
23
Total:
159
Percentage
5.35%
5.35%
5.60%
5.60%
5.60%
5.60%
5.60%
38.69%
Table 2: Grade 11 Participants p.69
Section
HUMSS
ABM A
ABM B
STEM A
STEM B
STEM C
Grade 11
Class Size
Sample Size
28
20
25
21
23
21
33
20
32
20
34
20
Total:
122
Percentage
4.87%
5.11%
5.11%
4.87%
4.87%
4.87%
29.68%
Table 3: Grade 12 Participants p.69
Section
HUMSS
ABM A
ABM B
Grade 12
Class Size
Sample Size
23
19
24
19
21
18
Percentage
4.62%
4.62%
4.38%
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
132
STEM A
STEM B
STEM C
STEM D
31
32
30
31
Total:
Total Sample Size:
18
19
19
18
130
4.38%
4.62%
4.62%
4.38%
31.63%
411
100.00%
Table 4: 4-Point Likert Scale Indicator p.77
LEVEL
PARAMETER
DESCRIPTION
4
3.26 – 4.00
Strongly Agree
3
2.51 – 3.25
Agree
2
1.76 – 2.50
Disagree
1
1.00 – 1.75
Strongly Disagree
Table 5: Summary of Responses p.78
Summary of Results
Number of Responses
A. Innovation
SA
A
DA
SDA
Question 1
269
Question 2
Total
132
9
1
411
294
102
13
2
411
Question 3
261
137
13
0
411
Question 4
257
138
16
0
411
Question 5
264
131
13
3
411
Question 6
273
128
10
0
411
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
133
B. Sustainable Development
Question 1
273
121
15
2
411
Question 2
294
96
19
2
411
Question 3
228
161
20
2
411
Question 4
248
142
20
1
411
Question 5
272
123
16
0
411
Question 6
283
115
12
1
411
Question 1
178
203
27
3
411
Question 2
267
118
25
1
411
Question 3
159
178
67
7
411
Question 4
208
176
23
4
411
C. Convenience
Table 6: Overall Results of the Perception of Respondents to the Possible
Implementation of Decomposable Packaging p.79
Perception
Weighted
Standard
Mean
Deviation
A. Innovation
1.The decomposable packaging will be a good
innovation in the business industry.
2.Decomposable packaging will reduce the
waste of the chemically made packaging (i.e.
Plastics, Cans, Bubble wraps, etc.).
3. I would prefer to use decomposable packaging
if it has been implemented in e-commerce
transactions.
3.63
Strongly Agree
3.67
Strongly Agree
3.61
Strongly Agree
0.54
0.56
0.55
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
134
4. The use of decomposable packaging will be
Strongly Agree
convenient in the long run.
5. Decomposable packaging is better to use than
traditional
packaging
(non-biodegradable
plastics)
6.The
implementation
packaging
will
be
3.59
of
decomposable
useful
to
e-commerce
industries during these times.
3.59
Strongly Agree
3.64
Strongly Agree
0.57
0.59
0.53
B. Sustainable Living and Development
7. The implementation of decomposable packaging
will help spread awareness about the different
environmental issues.
8. Decomposable Packaging will save the life of
marine and land species in a certain community.
9. Decomposable packaging can help in preventing
a person in worsening health conditions found in
non-biodegradable packaging.
10. Decomposable packaging will really help in
achieving a sustainable living community.
11. Decomposable packaging can improve the health
and biocapacity of the environment.
12. The use of decomposable packaging will reduce
and help lessen future environmental problems.
3.62
Strongly Agree
3.66
Strongly Agree
3.50
Strongly Agree
3.55
Strongly Agree
3.62
Strongly Agree
3.65
Strongly Agree
0.58
0.59
0.61
0.60
0.56
0.55
C. Convenience
13.
The
implementation
of
decomposable
packaging provides convenience to both the
suppliers and its customers
3.35
Strongly Agree
0.64
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
135
14. The use of decomposable packaging makes it
easier to dispose different wastes.
3.58
Strongly Agree
15. The implementation of decomposable packaging
3.19
has an effect on the buying behavior of the
16. As a student, it is convenient for me to carry and
manage decomposable packaging rather than nonbiodegradable packaging
0.76
Agree
customers.
0.62
3.43
Strongly Agree
0.65
Table 7: General Weighted Mean of Innovation, Sustainable Living and
Development, and Convenience p.81
Category
General Weighted Mean
Indicator
Innovation
3.39
Strongly Agree
Sustainable Development
3.60
Strongly Agree
Convenience
3.62
Strongly Agree
Table 8: Overall Tally and Percentage Results for the Part 2 SurveyQuestion 1 p.91
OVERALL-Question 1
Rank with Entity
1- Clothes and Apparel
2- Supplies and
Equipment
3- Stationery
4- Fragile
5- Electronics and
Gadgets
6- Others
Total Number of Tally
(Numerical)
314
Percentage
27.42%
258
22.53%
257
153
22.45%
13.36%
143
12.49%
20
1.75%
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
136
Foods and
beverage
Candies
Merch
Grocery Industry
Make up
Accessories
Non-lifetime of
usage
Most products
Anything not
fragile
Light and Manageable to
bring
Total Tally for the
Question:
8.5
1
1
4
0.5
1
1
1
1
1
1145
100%
Table 9: Overall Tally and Percentage Results for the Part 2 SurveyQuestion 2 p.92
OVERALL-Question 2
Rank with Entity
1- Seed Paper
2- Kraft Paper
3- Others
Recycled Paper
Bagasse
Sugarcane
Decomposable
packaging
Reusable box
packaging
Sea weed based
polyester/plastic
Wheat substitute for
carton packaging
Total Number of Tally
(Numerical)
273
252
7
1
1
1
1
1.5
0.5
Percentage
51.32%
47.37%
1.32%
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
137
Just as long as its strong,
made simple, and can be
decomposed easily. It
would be better if a tree
would grow out of it when
it passed its date of usage
Total Tally for the
Question:
1
532
100%
Table 10: Overall Tally and Percentage Results for the Part 2 SurveyQuestion 3 p.94
OVERALL-Question 3
Rank with Entity
1- Paper Bag
2- Box
3- Wrapping Paper
4- Corrugated Bubble
Wrap
5- Others
Pencil and
Notebook
Honeycomb Paper
Corrugated
cardboard
Plastic Labo
Recycled shredded
papers
Recycled materials
Corrugated boxes
Plastic bag
Total Tally for the
Question:
Total Number of Tally
(Numerical)
289
246
192
Percentage
31.48%
26.80%
20.92%
183
19.93%
8
0.87%
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
918
100%
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
138
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Schematic Diagram for the Research p.54
Input
Process
Output
- Statement of the
Problem: Discovering
the Perception of
selected highschool
students on the possible
implementation of
decomposable
packaging in ecommerce transactions
as basis for product
proposal
- Hypothesis:
Discovering if the
perception of the
respondents
corresponds or does not
correspond on the
possible implementation
of the study
- Survey Questionnaires
on the perception of
the selected
highschool students on
the implementation of
decomposable
packaging in ecommerce transactions
as basis for product
proposal
- Descriptive Survey
- Statistical Treatment
that will be used
- Result and Findings of
the perception of the
selected highschool
students on the
implementation of
decomposable
packaging in ecommerce transactions
as basis for product
proposal
Outcome
- A proposal for the possible implementation of decomposable packaging in ecommerce transactions
- The product proposal will be used as a recommendation to the product manufacturers
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
139
Figure 2: Four Elements of Diffusion of Innovation p.58
Figure 3: The Three Spheres of Sustainability Mode p.59
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
140
Figure 4: Triple Bottom Line Model p.61
Figure 5: Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility p.63
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
141
Figure 6: Visual Perception Model p.64
Figure 7: Traditional View vs. Bem's View of Self Perception Theory p.66
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
142
Figure 8: Number of Male and Female who Participated in the Study p.74
Number of Male and Female
45%
55%
184
227
Number of Male
Number of Female
Figure 9: Age Group who Participated the Study p.75
Age Range of Participants
1
20
2
21
14
105
15
131
16
17
18
19
20
131
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
143
Figure 10: Overall Number of Participants p.76
Overall Sample Size Sample Size
130, 31%
159, 39%
122, 30%
Grade 10
Grade 11
Grade 12
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
144
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Letter Asking Permission to Conduct the Study
March 7, 2021
MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, PhD
Asst. Principal/ HS – Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Thru: Subject Teachers
Dear Sir Pacleb:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are conducting a research entitled: “Perception of Selected
Highschool Students on the Implementation of Decomposable Packaging in E-Commerce
Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”
In view of the above, we would like to request from your good office the permission to
conduct our study in Our Lady of Peace School. Rest assured that the students will be
benefited in this study. This will also help us to become more effective and innovative in
doing our research as part of the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion. We
hope for your positive response on this matter. Thank you very much and more power!
Respectfully yours,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher in 3I’s
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES, MA
SHS Level Coordinator
Approved:
(SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, Ph.D.
Asst. Principal/HS Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
145
Appendix B
Letter for Validation of Questionnaire
March 8, 2021
MRS. RIZA V. MACAGALING, LPT
Senior Highschool Faculty
Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Dear Mrs. Macagaling:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are currently working on a research project entitled, “Perception
of Selected Highschool Students on the implementation of Decomposable Packaging in
E-Commerce Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements
in the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, we would like to request your good person to allow us person to give us
insights and expertise to validate our questionnaire.
We thank you as we anticipate your favorable response to this request.
Yours truly,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher in 3I’s
Validated:
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES, MA
SHS Level Coordinator
Approved:
(SGD) MRS. RIZA V. MACAGALING, LPT (SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, Ph.D.
Senior High school Faculty
Asst. Principal/HS Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
146
Appendix B
Letter for Validation of Questionnaire
March 9, 2021
MR. RICHARD M. TORRES, CPA
Accountant
Diane Pendle', Quezon City, Philippines
Dear Mr. Torres:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are currently working on a research project entitled, “Perception
of Selected Highschool Students on the implementation of Decomposable Packaging in
E-Commerce Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements
in the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, we would like to request your good person to allow us person to give us
insights and expertise to validate our questionnaire.
We thank you as we anticipate your favorable response to this request.
Yours truly,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher in 3I’s
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES, MA
SHS Level Coordinator
Validated:
Approved:
(SGD) MR. RICHARD M. TORRES, CPA
Accountant, Diane Pendle’
(SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, Ph.D.
Asst. Principal/HS Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
147
Appendix B
Letter for Validation of Questionnaire
March 8, 2021
MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
HS English Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Dear Mr. Acebes:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are currently working on a research project entitled, “Perception
of Selected Highschool Students on the implementation of Decomposable Packaging in
E-Commerce Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements
in the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, we would like to request your good person to give us insights and expertise
to validate our questionnaire.
We thank you as we anticipate your favorable response to this request.
Yours truly,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher in 3I’s
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES, MA
SHS Level Coordinator
Validated:
Approved:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
HS English Coordinator
(SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, Ph.D.
Asst. Principal/HS Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
148
Appendix B
Letter for Validation of Questionnaire
March 8, 2021
MS. MARY ROXANNE SECAPURI, LPT
Senior Highschool Faculty
Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Dear Ms. Secapuri:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are currently working on a research project entitled, “Perception
of Selected Highschool Students on the implementation of Decomposable Packaging in
E-Commerce Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements
in the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, we would like to request your good person to allow us person to give us
insights and expertise to validate our questionnaire.
We thank you as we anticipate your favorable response to this request.
Yours truly,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher in 3I’s
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES, MA
SHS Level Coordinator
Validated:
(SGD) MS. ROXANNE SECAPURI, LPT
Senior High school Faculty
Approved:
(SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, Ph.D.
Asst. Principal/HS Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
149
Appendix C
Letter to Respondents
PERCEPTION OF SELECTED HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS ON THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF DECOMPOSABLE PACKAGING IN E-COMMERCE
TRANSACTIONS: BASIS FOR PRODUCT PROPOSAL
Dear Participants:
The undersigned is working on a research entitled: “Perception of Selected Highschool
Students on the Implementation of Decomposable Packaging in E-Commerce
Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements in the subject Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In view of this, the researcher would like to ask your full support and cooperation by
sincerely answering all the questions contained in this instrument. The researcher extends
her heartfelt thanks and appreciation for your precious time and effort accorded to this
undertaking. God bless!
Very truly yours,
Researchers
MR. MARC CALLE
Research Leader
MS. MARY ANNE PEDRAJA
Group Researcher
MS. ALYSSA AQUINO
Group Researcher
MS. JUSTINE REPOSAR
Group Researcher
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
150
Appendix D
Survey Form
PERCEPTION OF SELECTED HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS ON THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF DECOMPOSABLE PACKAGING IN
E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS: BASIS
FOR PRODUCT PROPOSAL
Good day! We are the researchers from Grade 12-ABM-A (Our Lady of Peace
and Good Voyage). We would like to invite you to cooperate and answer honestly our
survey as part of our research under the subject of Inquiries, Investigations, and
Immersion with the title: Perception of Selected High School Students on the
Implementation of Decomposable Packaging in E-commerce Transactions. All the
inputs and information that we will be receiving from a respondent will be kept solely on
the researchers and will be in accordance with the Data Privacy Act of 2012. Thank you
so much and God Bless!
The study revolves around the perception of the selected high school students
on the implementation of decomposable packaging in E-Commerce transactions as
Basis for Product Proposal. The function of the said research is to collect data of
perceptions from the selected high school participants that will suffice the given
problems and as basis for a product proposal, which is the prototype of decomposable
packaging. This will help the community, especially the benefactors when it comes to
giving information on the benefits of using decomposable or compostable packaging
that will help in gaining sustainable development in terms of animal, environmental,
health, and human stability.
A. Respondents Details:
Last Name: ______________
Sex: _________
Grade Level: _____________
Age: ________
Direction: Please tick out the following statements in the form Kindly answer all the
questions in the questionnaire by putting a check on the space provided and rate the
question according to the given scaling:
4- Strongly Agree
3- Agree
2- Disagree
1- Strongly Disagree
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
151
Survey Questions:
A. Innovation
1. The decomposable packaging will be a good innovation in the
business industry.
2. Decomposable packaging will reduce the waste of the
chemically made packaging (i.e., Plastics, Cans, Bubble wraps,
etc.).
3. I would prefer to use decomposable packaging if it has been
implemented in e-commerce transactions.
4. The use of decomposable packaging will be convenient in the
long run.
5. Decomposable packaging is better to use than traditional
packaging (non-biodegradable plastics)
6. The implementation of decomposable packaging will be
useful to e-commerce industries during these times.
B. Sustainable Living and Development
1. The implementation of decomposable packaging will help
spread awareness about the different environmental issues.
2. Decomposable Packaging will save the life of marine and land
species in a certain community.
3. Decomposable packaging can help in preventing a person in
worsening health conditions found in non-biodegradable
packaging.
4. Decomposable packaging will really help in achieving a
sustainable living community.
5. Decomposable packaging can improve the health and
biocapacity of the environment.
6. The use of decomposable packaging will reduce and help
lessen future environmental problems.
C. Convenience
1
2
3
4
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
152
1. The implementation of decomposable packaging provides
convenience to both the suppliers and its customers
2. The use of decomposable packaging makes it easier to dispose
different wastes.
3. The implementation of decomposable packaging has an effect
on the buying behavior of the customers.
4. As a student, it is convenient for me to carry and manage
decomposable packaging rather than non-biodegradable
packaging
Part 2: Specifics, Contents, and Characteristics of Decomposable Packaging
Please choose the items that you wish to be included in making a decomposable
packaging.
1. In what kind of products do you want to implement decomposable packaging?
Fragile
Clothes and Apparel
Electronics and Gadgets
Supplies and Equipment
Stationery
Others, Please Specify: _____________
2. What specific material would you like a decomposable packaging be made of?
Seed Paper
Kraft Paper
Others, Please Specify: _____________
3. Which of these can be the ideal type of packaging to be used in e-commerce
transactions?
Paper Bag
Wrapping Paper
Box
Corrugated Bubble Wrap
Others, Please Specify: _____________
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
153
Appendix E
Pre-Survey Letter
February 2, 2021
Dear Class Advisers,
Greetings of peace!
We, the Senior High School Students of Grade 12 ABM-A, would like to ask for
permission to conduct a pre-survey among your students, Grade 11 ABM A,
regarding the Perception of Selected High School Students on the
Implementation of Decomposable Packaging in E-Commerce Transactions.
The pre-survey will last only about 5 minutes. Rest assured that the data gathered
will remain confidential and for academic purposes only. We are hoping that this
request will merit your favorable approval.
Respectfully yours,
Alyssa Germaine R. Aquino
Marc Danniell Alexie T. Calle
Mary Anne O. Pedraja
Justine Nicole G. Reposar
Noted by:
(SGD) Mr. Gerard Acebes, MA
Research Adviser
(SGD) Mr. Herbriance Briones, MA
Class Adviser/ SHS Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
154
Appendix F
Pre-Survey Form
Good day! We are the researchers from Grade 12-ABM-A (Our Lady of Peace and Good
Voyage). We would like to invite you to cooperate and answer honestly our pre-survey as
part of our research under the subject of Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion with the
title: Perception of Selected High School Students on the Implementation of
Decomposable Packaging in E-commerce Transactions. All the inputs and information that
we will be receiving from a respondent will be kept solely on the researchers and will be
in accordance with the Data Privacy Act of 2012. Thank you so much and God Bless!
A. Respondents Details:
Last Name: ______________
Sex: _________
Grade Level: _____________
Age: ________
1. What platforms that you use? Check all that applies.
Shopee/Lazada
Instagram
Facebook
Others, Please Specify: _____________
2. Have you ever heard of Decomposable Packaging?
o Yes
o No
3. Do you agree with the implementation of decomposable packaging for E-commerce
transactions?
o Yes
o No
4. How do you think will the implementation of decomposable packaging affect your
decision-making when buying goods?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
155
5. In what kind of products do you want to implement decomposable packaging?
Fragile
Clothes and Apparel
Electronics and Gadgets
Supplies and Equipment
Stationery
Others, Please Specify: _____________
6. Can the decomposable packaging in E-commerce transactions affect our society when
it comes to lessening the waste in our environment?
o Yes
o No
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
156
Appendix G
PRODUCT PROPOSAL
After thorough investigation the researchers came up with the product
proposal from what has been transpired from the respondents. This product
proposal will benefit the people listed in the significance of the study, specifically
the Accountancy, Business, and Management Senior Highschool Students and
College Students, who will take the field of Business and Commerce Management,
Consumers, E-Commerce Industries and Other Industries, High School Students,
OLPS School Administration and Personnel, and Future Researchers who will
continue to implement the study and this product proposal. This proposal contains
the Rationale where this explains the product all about, Introduction of the facts,
findings, and results of the respondents and the problems that is happening around
us, description and benefits of the product, proposed strategic plan and market
analysis of the product featuring the SWOT and PESTLE analysis. This also
includes the product materials, procedures, prototype (blueprint of the product). At
the end of the proposal, the proposal will feature the competition and strengths of
the product and the costing and budgeting of it. This will also include the cover
letter to present the product to Our Lady of Peace School and to the community
who will benefit from it.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
157
“PLANTABAG” SEED PAPER WITH A TOUCH OF
KRAFT PAPER COMPOSTABLE PACKAGING:
A PRODUCT PROPOSAL
________________________
A Product Proposal Presented to the Faculty of
the Senior High School Department
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
_________________________
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersions
________________________
By:
Calle, Marc Danniell Alexie, T.
Aquino, Alyssa Germaine, R.
Reposar, Justine Nicole, G.
Pedraja, Mary Anne, O.
Grade 12 ABM-A
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
158
PRODUCT TITLE
“PlantABag” Seed Paper with a touch of Kraft Paper Compostable Packaging
RATIONALE
The study Perception of Selected High School Students on the
Implementation of Decomposable Packaging in E-Commerce Transactions: Basis
for Product Proposal aims to help give solution to current environmental problems
such as plastic pollution. The fundamental reason for this product proposal is to
provide a substitute to plastic packaging which is used in e-commerce
transactions. Through the help of the data gathered form the participants, it
showed that paper bag is the most known and commonly used type of packaging.
The participants chose seed paper as the main material to be used. Through the
help of previous researches and articles, regarding the use of decomposable of
eco-friendly packaging, the researchers came up with a kraft-seed paper, paper
bag. The materials used, kraft paper and seed paper, are eco-friendly and easy to
dispose. The design of the paper bag looks like a normal kraft paper bag, but it
has seeds embedded on it which will grow into a new plant or herbs. Through the
use of kraft-seed paper packaging the use of plastics can be lessened.
INTRODUCTION
Over the years, the environment has constantly changed due to different
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
159
factors, and one of them are the different environmental problems the world is
facing today. According to Rinkesh (2020), the major current environmental
problems today are pollution, soil degradation, global warming and natural
resource depletion, to name a few.
Pollution, specifically, is damaging and
hazardous for the people, animals and the environment itself as it may poison the
land and water forms and can cause a variety of diseases to humans. One of its
causes is the improper waste management and usage of non-biodegradable
plastics that a lot of people are using in their day to day lives. In connection with
the present problems that has been recurring nowadays, the proponents have
thought of a product that will suffice the existing environmental issues and this the
mixture of a seed and kraft paper, paper bag. The said packaging is cost-effective
and environment friendly because of its features like it is easily decomposed and
at the same time it will grow a new plant. The product is also customer friendly
since it is easy to manage and to carry. It will also benefit the e-commerce and
other business industries since it will lessen the shipping costs since it is light
weight compared to other conventional and traditional packaging. The next
sections of this proposal will pertain all about the seed-kraft paper, paper bag
including the description, market and product analysis, and the costings and
budgeting of the product.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT
The product that the proponents will be presenting and proposing is a
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
160
decomposable packaging that is made out of Seed Paper (a paper with a seed in
it that decomposes) with a touch of Kraft Paper (eco-friendly paper). It is an ecofriendly packaging that reduces the piling up of conventional packaging because
of its composting and decaying characteristics. Not only it decomposes in to the
ground, but also it has seeds that will germinate and grow into a plant that will
make the planet greener. The said packaging will be presented in a form of a paper
bag with a handle that would be suitable and designed for clothes and apparel,
stationery, supplies and equipment, and to some forms of fragile and gadgets. The
said product has also a size variant that is shown in small and large variants. This
can also be imprinted and customized with lettering and branding depending on
what business name the owner has.
BENEFITS OF THE PRODUCT
Among other conventional and traditional packaging, the seed paper
packaging will really benefit the community and its surroundings. Botanical
Paperworks (2017) stated some of the benefits of using the decomposable
packaging made out of seed paper. The said article furthermore claim that seedpaper packaging is a zero-waste solution for products that require traditional paper
packaging. This means that seed-paper packaging will be a good benefit to the
people living on earth, including what is inside the planet, namely the plants,
animals, and other living and non-living things. Below are the possible benefits of
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
161
using seed paper packaging.
•
It is good for the planet- this means that through the use of seed paper
packaging, we are contributing for the good of the planet through its seed
inside the paper and because of its decomposing characteristics.
•
It attracts consumers and sets you apart from competitors- This is one of
the benefits of using and selling the seed paper packaging to the consumers
wherein it gives the businesses an edge to its competitors because of its
attractive details and characteristics that will catch their attention.
•
It shows that you care about the environment and are doing good businessAside from its attractiveness and marketing capability, this shows that as a
consumer and business owner, the essence of caring the environment. For
the consumers this favors the environmental-friendliness and the
responsibility as a person for the environment. As a business owner, you
are able to use this benefit as part of your social responsibility towards the
people, planet, and the business itself.
•
It is toxic-free and health-friendly for animals and humans- In connection to
showing your concern to the environment, using the seed paper packaging
will be healthy and non-toxic for the animals and humans. It shows that
using this kind of packaging will lessen the worsening health conditions that
is being acquired by the humans and the toxins that is inhabiting the body
of the animals and species.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
162
•
It is usually smaller and lightweight so that you save on shipping costs- This
benefit is for both consumers and business owners since lowering the
shipping cost will be a good side for the consumers since they don’t have
to pay so much for the packaging and also for the business owners since
they don’t have to pay a large amount of money to their respective suppliers.
PROPOSED STRATEGIC PLAN
The proponents of thought of a plan wherein this product proposal would
be presented to the school as a proposal of the product prototype and to the
beneficiaries stated. Once the school and the community approved it, then the
proponents would encourage them to implement in their coverage and future
researchers and implementors may continue with the production process or
product-based thesis about the said study. The proponents of this paper may also
help them with planning, organizing, producing, and controlling the product
implementation and manufacturing process. The said proposal may be also
handed out to the business industries, especially to the e-commerce industry which
is timely and relevant up to this moment due to the continuous adverse spread od
COVID-19 pandemic where people rely on online marketing and selling platforms.
The proponents are looking forward for the success of the product proposal
wherein they envisioned a community that is using the decomposable seed-paper
packaging as part of the solutions and hoping as an answer for the major problems
that is happening in the environment. Furthermore, the proponents are looking
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
163
forward for the business industries, especially the e-commerce platforms to
consider this proposal as their part of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Plan.
Part of the proposed strategic plan of the proponents is using the
environmental and industrial scanning called SWOT (Strength, Weakness
Opportunity, and Threat) Analysis and PESTLE (Political. Economic, Social,
Technological, Legal, and Environmental) Analysis. The reason why the
proponents used the following environmental analysis is that the proponents would
like to speculate and know how will the product affect and change the internal
factors (the business and management) and the external factors (customers,
environment, and government laws and obligations). SWOT Analysis is typically
used for determining the strengths and weakness of the product internally, usually
in the management of the business and its operations. It also determines the
opportunities and threats of the product to its external environment (usually the
impact of it to the customers, place of the product would be sold, and its product
competitors). PESTLE Analysis is used as an extension and more comprehensive
analysis of the Opportunities and Threats section in the SWOT analysis since
PESTLE is pertaining to the in-depth analysis of the external environment. This
usually show how the product would benefit and impact the customers,
government, environment, innovation, economic status, and legal customs.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
164
PRODUCT AND MARKET ANAYSIS
The proponents of this proposal chose two kinds of analysis namely the
SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) Analysis and the PESTLE
(Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) Analysis.
The said analyses will identify the how the market behaves and will help in the
analysis of implementing the product to the public.
SWOT Analysis
Table 1: SWOT Analysis
•
Eco-friendly
•
Unique
•
Plantable
•
Promote zero waste management
•
Easy to dispose
•
No chemicals used
•
Will stop or lessen the distribution of plastics
•
Less competitors
•
Can build trust with possible customers
•
Low cost of raw material
Strengths
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
165
•
Due to its material being kraft, it is sturdier
and
more
durable
than
other
paper
packaging.
•
Promote corporate social responsibility
•
Inconsistent texture or thickness of the
packaging
Weaknesses
•
May not be suitable for some fragile items
•
May not be suitable for wet products
•
The design of the packaging may be
affected
•
Lack consumer’s trust on the product
•
There is no assurance that customers will
plant the packaging
Opportunities
•
People will care more for the environment
•
Will attract more customers
•
Flexible and can be used in various
industries
Threats
•
Low cost and saves resources
•
Rising demand for eco-friendly packaging
•
Possible new competitors
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
166
•
Other eco-friendly products
•
Availability of more convenient packaging
STRENGHTS:
Seed paper is a handmade paper, that can also be made from reusable or
biodegradable materials, which contains different kinds of seed that can grow into
herbs or flowers when planted (Plantable Paper Explained – Carragreen, 2018).
Since seed paper is made from recycled materials such as paper, it does not
contain chemicals like phthalates which can be found in plastics (Folk, 2021).
According to BYJU (2020), plastics are the main causes of air, water and soil
pollution and diseases like cancer and using the seed paper as packaging will help
stop or lessen the distribution of plastics. The uniqueness of using an eco-friendly
packaging separates a business from its competitors through showing how the
company cares for the environment (Botanical PaperWorks, 2017). Aside from
helping the environment, switching to eco-friendly packaging will help strengthen
your brand image, that way potential customers can build their trust on your
company (Why Are Companies Switching to Eco-Friendly Packaging? (2018).
Apart from the ease with which it can be thrown away, it is also lighter and smaller
than conventional packaging, lowering the shipping cost of an item (Botanical
PaperWorks, 2017). According to J (2019), stated that “Your client base can
increase as Millennials and Generation Z, both often seen as more
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
167
environmentally-conscious compared to prior generations, come of age.” from the
gathered by the researchers, the respondents were from Generation Z.
Furthermore, he added “The manufacturing cost of green packaging is less than
regular packaging materials, thus saving your business money. Green packaging
also typically uses less material than traditional packaging, making it another win
for the environment.” Fast Sincere (2020) stated that kraft paper doesn’t require
full printing for the product design to be seed. Moreover, "The Kraft paper has a
certain cushioning performance, anti-fall performance, better stiffness, and the
mechanical parts of the product processing have good cushioning properties and
are convenient for composite processing." (Fast Sincere, 2020). The Triple Bottom
Line (TBL) theory, which balances business and environmental concerns,
encourages people to live up to their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and
the use of eco-friendly packaging promotes CSR.
WEAKNESSES:
Since seed paper is a handmade paper, there is no consistency with the
texture and thickness of the packaging (Botanical PaperWorks, n.d.). Despite its
benefits it may not be suitable for some fragile items. For fragile items it is best to
use honeycomb bubble wrap which is compostable and recyclable (Li, 2021).
Furthermore, Garnier Philippines partnered with Econest Philippines for the use of
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
168
Geami honeycomb protective packaging solution that is used for alternative to
bubble wraps, which is suitable for sensitive and fragile materials. It may also not
be suitable for wet environment and wet products, so it must be stored in a dry and
well-ventilated space. The chosen design for the packaging may be affected as
another minor disadvantage is that if you want to print a colorful and delicate
pattern on the kraft paper bag, you won't be able to do so. Because the surface of
kraft paper is relatively rough, printing to the surface of kraft paper will result in
uneven ink (Fast Sincere, 2020). It will be hard to reach out to the older
generations, unlike Gen Z and Millennials who are more environmentally
conscious (J., 2019). Although the packaging is easy to dispose, it is still
encouraged to plant the paper, but some customers might choose to throw it away
after use.
OPPORTUNITIES:
According to the list of Lagas (2015), Lagas provided five benefits of
embracing sustainability and go green manufacturing and the second on the list is
it attract new customers and can possibly increase sales. According to Hughes
Enterprises (2019), studies showed that 31% of people are willing to pay more for
eco-friendly or sustainable products furthermore, the mentioned “Studies also
show that people place a higher perception on a brand that promotes eco-friendly
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
169
packaging and sustainable commercial packaging solutions.”. They also added
that customers are searching for brands who are reducing their carbon footprints.
According to Green Business Bureau (2017), eco-friendly packaging is versatile
and can be used in different fields of industries. Moreover, eco-friendly packaging
reduces your carbon footprint as it is made of recycled materials which reduces
the use of resources (Green Business Bureau, 2017). The rise in demand of ecofriendly packaging is due to conscious consumers (Rombus Packaging, 2019).
“With many more people becoming conscious consumers, the demand for ecofriendly alternatives to standard products and packaging is higher than ever
before.” (Rombus Packaging, 2019). Emenac Packaging USA (2019), stated the 5
Reasons Why Demand for Eco-Friendly Packaging Is Rising which includes
environmental and social awareness of using eco-friendly packaging. They stated
that, “Eco-friendly custom packaging boxes are a sign for the consumers that the
company or business which is using environmentally friendly packaging, do care
about the environment.”.
THREATS:
The continuous rise in the demand for eco-friendly packaging calls for more
production. Which means that the higher the demand, the larger the possibility of
increase in the number of competitors. There are more and easy convenient
packaging which is readily available in the market such as: plastic bags, eco bags,
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
170
boxes, etc. Consumer’s trust is also a factor of a threat wherein if consumers lost
their trust in the seed paper product, they might spread rumors of it through the
word of mouth that will spread so fast that will lead to a point that they will not trust
and use the product again. That is why handling the consumer’s trust is very
important for they are the ones who will make the product known to different
places.
P.E.S.T.L.E. Analysis
Table 2: PESTLE Analysis
Political
•
Philippine Development plan 2017-2022
•
2017 Paris Agreement
•
National Framework Strategy on Climate
Change
•
Current and project economic growth, inflation
Economic
and interest rates
•
Average disposable income level
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
171
•
Effect of organic and decomposable products
to the market
Social
Technological
•
Customer buying trends
•
Lifestyle Attitudes
•
Increasing attention in health care
•
Online selling through social media
•
Communication
with
the
customer
and
consumers
•
Manufacturing of the product
•
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000
•
Legal
Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear
Waste Control Act of 1990
•
Environmental
Impact
Statement Of 1978
Statement
(EIS)
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
172
Environmental
•
Climate and weather
•
Attention to Carbon Footprint
•
Sustainable development goals
POLITICAL
A part of the Philippine Development Plan for 2017-2022 is the 11 chapters
in the PDP 2017-2022 involve climate-related policies and measures (GOVPH,
2021).
These
promote
climate-resilient
infrastructure,
energy-efficient
technologies, forest rehabilitation, and improved health services for disaster and
climate-related illness. In 2017, Philippine policymakers proposed nationally
determined contributions to help achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting
global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius (United Nations Climate Change,
2020). These focused on promoting energy efficiency; improving transport
systems; shifting to cleaner fuels and vehicles; improving solid waste management
and
wastewater
treatment;
ensuring
forest
protection,
restoration
and
rehabilitation; and adopting climate-resilient agriculture practices. The National
Framework Strategy on Climate Change (NSFCC) lays the foundation for national
and local government policies toward a climate-resilient Philippines with healthy,
safe, prosperous and self-reliant communities, and thriving and productive
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
173
ecosystems. The NFSCCC is risk-based: strategies and decisions shall be made
based on the causes, magnitude, and impact of risks. It also promotes anticipatory
adaptation measures to minimize the potential impacts of climate change.
Adaptation is the anchor strategy, and mitigation actions shall be pursued as a
function of adaptation. It adopts the Philippine Agenda 21 for Sustainable
Development.
ECONOMIC
The pandemic has caused the economic growth of the Philippines to stop
in its growth momentum. The economy contracted by 0.2 percent year-on-year in
the first quarter of 2020 compared to its 5.7 growth in 2019 (World Bank, 2021).
The price of the product should be based on the common families for its
affordability. The latest survey from the Philippine Statistics Authority (2019) stated
that the average annual family income of Filipino families was approximately 267
thousand pesos. The effect of organic products has opened up the gates for
expansion, and with the future generations moving towards a more sustainable
green future. The preferences of the teenagers change into an eco-friendlier
environment.
SOCIAL
The consumers buying trends had changed drastically due to the pandemic.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
174
Time spent in using mobile devices continues to rise and more digital; cashier less
checkout technology is implemented in stores; from store-to-store consumers to
online shopping their actions had changed to a more virtual way of buying. Parker
(2019) stated that the lifestyle trend for 2020 is to have a conscious consumption,
an eco-friendly habit to use more sustainable products and reduce waste. They
become attentive to the health care and resort to using natural products as it has
more benefits. The companies become innovative to respond to the demand of
health and environmental sustainability.
TECHNOLOGICAL
The use of social media platform extends to online buying making
customers have a faster and effortless way to purchase products. E-commerce is
the buying and selling goods on the internet which became the new norm for seller
and consumers. The use of emails and social media is a faster way to
communicate with customers who has queries or complaints about the product.
ENVIRONMENTAL
The date of production or delivery of the product to consumers can change
due to the climate and weather in the country. People became aware of the effects
of our daily lives to the environment and would try to lessen their carbon footprints
to limit the contribution to global warming and climate change (Asmelash, 2019).
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
175
They try to recycle the items that are hard to decompose and use products that
wouldn’t hurt the environments. United Nations (2019) stated in the report that the
Philippines is part of the countries who support the UN sustainable development
goals and some of its goals are for climate action that plans to protect the
environment.
LEGAL
•
Republic Act 9003 - Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000: This
law aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste
management program that shall ensure the protection of public health and
environment. The law ensures proper segregation, collection, storage,
treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adaptation
of best eco-waste products (Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, 2020).
•
Republic Act 6969- Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Waste
Control Act of 1990: The law aims to regulate restrict or prohibit the
importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of
chemical substances and mixtures the present unreasonable risk to human
health. It likewise prohibits the entry, even in transit, of hazardous and nuclear
wastes and their disposal into the Philippine territorial limits for whatever
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
176
purpose; and to provide advancement and facilitate research and studies on
toxic chemicals (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2020).
•
Presidential Decree 1586- Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Statement of 1978: The Environment Impact Assessment System was
formally established in 1978 with the enactment of Presidential Decree no.
1586 to facilitate the attainment and maintenance of rational and orderly
balance between socio-economic development and environmental protection.
EIA is a planning and management tool that will help government, decision
makers, the proponents and the affected community address the negative
consequences or risks on the environment. The process assures
implementation of environment-friendly projects (Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, 2020).
PRODUCT MATERIALS
For the Main Product
•
Seed Paper
•
Kraft Paper
•
Equipment. Supply, and Machinery for Making the product (i.e., cutter, inkprinting, etc.)
•
Additional decorative materials (optional; should be eco-friendly and nontoxic)
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
177
For the Seed Paper:
•
Large stack of recyclable material (newspapers, egg cartons, toilet paper,
etc.)
•
Blender Container (for mixing the materials)
•
Warm Water
•
Seeds (depending on what type of plant you will create)
•
terry cloth, microfiber towel, or flannel
•
teaspoons, table spoons, and spatula for mixing and stirring.
PRODUCT PROCEDURES
A. For the Seed Paper
1. Step 1: Gather Paper, Tear, Put into Blender
You'll need to start by gathering a large stack of recyclable material.
Newspaper, egg cartons, toilet paper, and paper shopping bags are some
of the best sources for this paper. Tear and shred your paper into really
small pieces after you've collected it. Fill half of your blender container with
the freshly torn bits of paper.
2. Step 2: Pour in Warm Water, Blend into a Smooth Pulp
Then, in the blender jar, pour some warm water over the paper bits. Fill the
blender jar with water until it reaches the top line. By blending at a low speed
for around ten seconds, you can turn the mushy mess into a fine pulp.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
178
Increase the speed for a further thirty seconds after ten seconds on a low
setting. There should be no visible paper flakes left after this.
3. Step 3: Stir in Seed, Strain
It's now time to add the seeds. Add around a teaspoon of flower seeds to
the mixture and swirl to incorporate them. BLENDING IS NOT
RECOMMENDED! Just stir them. When it comes to plants, a wildflower
seed blend that is adaptable to the environment in which the seed paper
would be planted will be a good choice. Pour the mixture into a strainer after
adding the seeds to remove as much water as possible. You should press
the mixture against the strainer with a spoon or spatula to extract as much
water as possible from the pulp.
4. Step 4: Spread Pulp, Flatten, Dry
On a flat surface, spread out a piece of terry cloth, microfiber towel, or
flannel. Dump the pulp onto the cloth and spread it out evenly with a spoon
or spatula. You can shape it into any shape you like, just make sure it's as
thin as possible to speed up the drying process. Using a towel to flatten the
mixture and absorb more water after you've spread the pulp. Turn the pulp
over after it has dried on one side and allow the other side to dry fully. Your
seed paper is ready to use after both sides have dried.
B. For the Main Product
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
179
1. Gather the required materials: Kraft Paper, Seed Paper, Cutting
Equipment, Kraft Strings and Padding Glue
2. Using the Cutting Equipment and Measuring Materials, measure the
required units for small or large variant of packaging and cut it thoroughly.
3. All the cut kraft and seed paper should be put in one place
4. Repeat the process for the other cut kraft and seed papers.
PRODUCT DESIGN (PROTOTYPE)
The product design is a simple, blank kraft paper. It is designed to be blank so
that businesses are able to create their own design and layout and print them
onto the paper bag.
Figure 1: Product Blueprint
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
180
Figure 2: Product Prototype (Paper)
Figure 3: Product Prototype (Possible Products)
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
181
The product prototype shows the actual look of the product, which is a 28.5
inches x 22.5 inches large seed and kraft paper mix. It is designed like a blank
canvas so that businesses can have the opportunity to turn it into something that
fits their products best. The blueprint of the paper bag is an example as to what
kind of packaging the product can accustom.
PRODUCT STRENGTHS
•
Eco-friendly
•
Unique
•
Plantable
•
Promote zero waste management
•
Easy to dispose
•
No chemicals used
•
Will stop or lessen the distribution of plastics
•
Less competitors
•
Can build trust with possible customers
•
Low cost of raw material
•
Due to its material being kraft, it is sturdier and more durable than other
paper packaging.
•
Promote corporate social responsibility
•
PRODUCT COMPETITION
Inconsistent texture or thickness of the packaging
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
182
•
May be more sensitive than traditional packaging
•
May not be suitable for some fragile items
•
Lack of consumer’s trust on the product
•
There is no assurance that customers will plant the packaging
•
Possible new competitors
•
Availability of more convenient packaging (polymer plastics, glass bottles,
plastic bags)
•
Other eco-friendly packaging (recycled plastics, cardboard and other plantbased packaging)
COSTS AND BUDGETING
Table 3: Costing and Budgeting for PlantABag
1
2
5
PRODUCT COSTING AND BUDGETING
Item Name
Units
Value
Direct Materials
Kraft Paper
24 inches x 50 meters
₱220.00
Spinach Seeds
1,200 seeds
₱20.00
Total:
₱240.00
Direct Labor
Wages
1 employee
₱350.00
Total:
₱350.00
Production Costs:
₱590.00
Interpretation and Explanation of the Cost and Budget Outlay
The proponents did a canvass to compare the prices from different shops.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
183
The estimated prices on the table were from the common prices you can find in
the market. With 1 employee, the target number of wrapping to be accomplished
per day is 20 pieces. The P350 wage of the laborer, will be divided into how many
pieces he completed if the target number will not be reached. The size and length
of the kraft paper (Aacenter Packaging Supplies) is enough to create more than
20 pieces of wrapping paper for both small and large sizes. From The Seed Shop,
a pack of spinach seeds includes 1,200 pieces. 100 seeds will be embedded on
each wrapping paper. One pack of seeds would be enough to make more than 20
pieces of wrappers. The wrapping paper will be marked with broken lines as a
guide for suggested folding. In the long run, if it will be in demand additional
laborers will be hired. Furthermore, just like what Silent Beads PH is doing, the
proponents encourage the manufacturers to accept used kraft paper bags (Faicol,
2019), in this way the production costs would be lessened and at the same time
helping the environment.
The estimated cost per unit pricing per wrapping paper is P29.5. Since there
are no shops who sells seed paper bag in the Philippines, the estimated pricing
was compared from different international shops who sells seed paper bag, such
as Etsy, Greengiving, and Brandelity. Brandelity, located at the United Kingdom
(UK), is a full-service promotional merchandise company that focuses on highquality, environmentally friendly items. Their store promotes eco-friendly products
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
184
such as bags, drink wares, paper & pens, seed paper bags, etc. Greengiving,
located at Netherlands, is another eco-friendly company that sells eco bags, cotton
bags, seed paper bags, clothing, etc. Both these companies believe that having
eco-friendly products will help leave a mark on your customers.
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
185
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Letter for Permission to Conduct Interview
April 17, 2021
MS. MONNICK P. CRUZ
Proprietor, Chief Innovation Officer
Silent Beads
Dear Ms. Cruz:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are currently working on a research project entitled, “Perception
of Selected Highschool Students on the implementation of Decomposable Packaging in
E-Commerce Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements
in the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, we would like to request your good person to give us insights and expertise
in a form of an interview on your most comfortable date and time.
We thank you as we anticipate your favorable response to this request.
Yours truly,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher - 3Is/HS English STL
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES, MA
SHS Level Coordinator
Approved:
(SGD) MS. MONNICK P. CRUZ
Chief Innovation Officer, Silent Beads
(SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, PhD
Asst. Principal/ HS Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
186
Appendix B
Letter for Validation of the Product Proposal
April 17, 2021
MS. MONNICK P. CRUZ
Proprietor, Chief Innovation Officer
Silent Beads
Dear Ms. Cruz:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are currently working on a research project entitled, “Perception
of Selected Highschool Students on the implementation of Decomposable Packaging in
E-Commerce Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements
in the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, we would like to request your good person to allow us to give your insights
and expertise to validate our product proposal including the product prototype, blueprint,
and the costing and budget.
We thank you as we anticipate your favorable response to this request.
Yours truly,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher - 3Is/HS English STL
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES, MA
SHS Level Coordinator
Validated and Certified:
Approved:
(SGD) MS. MONNICK P. CRUZ
Chief Innovation Officer, Silent Beads
(SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, PhD
Asst. Principal/ HS Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
187
Appendix B
Letter for Validation of the Product Proposal
April 17, 2021
MR. RICHARD M. TORRES, CPA
Accountant
Diane Pendle', Quezon City, Philippines
Dear Mr. Torres:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are currently working on a research project entitled, “Perception
of Selected Highschool Students on the implementation of Decomposable Packaging in
E-Commerce Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements
in the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, we would like to request your good person to allow us to give your insights
and expertise to validate our product proposal including the product prototype, blueprint,
and the costing and budget.
We thank you as we anticipate your favorable response to this request.
Yours truly,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher - 3Is/HS English STL
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES, MA
SHS Level Coordinator
Validated and Certified:
Approved:
(SGD) MR. RICHARD M. TORRES, CPA
Accountant, Diane Pendle'
(SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, PhD
Asst. Principal/ HS Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
188
Appendix B
Letter for Validation of the Product Proposal
April 17, 2021
MRS. RIZA V. MACAGALING, LPT
Senior Highschool Faculty
Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Dear Mrs. Macagaling:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are currently working on a research project entitled, “Perception
of Selected Highschool Students on the implementation of Decomposable Packaging in
E-Commerce Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements
in the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, we would like to request your good person to allow us to give your insights
and expertise to validate our product proposal including the product prototype, blueprint,
and the costing and budget.
We thank you as we anticipate your favorable response to this request.
Yours truly,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher - 3Is/HS English STL
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES, MA
SHS Level Coordinator
Validated and Certified:
Approved:
(SGD) MRS. RIZA V. MACAGALING, LPT
SHS Faculty, Entrepreneurship 12
(SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, PhD
Asst. Principal/ HS Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
189
Appendix C
Cover Letter of Presenting the Product Proposal to the School
May 3, 2021
SR. ANABEL B. DELACRUZ, SPC
School and Principal
Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Dear Sr. Anabel:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are currently working on a research project entitled, “Perception
of Selected Highschool Students on the implementation of Decomposable Packaging in
E-Commerce Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements
in the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, we would like to request your good person to give us the opportunity to
present the product proposal alongside with the product blueprint and prototype in Our
Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
We thank you as we anticipate your favorable response to this request.
Yours truly,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher - 3Is/HS English STL
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES, MA
SHS Level Coordinator
Approved:
(SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, PhD
Asst. Principal/ HS Academic Coordinator
(SGD) SR. ANABEL B. DELACRUZ, SPC
School and Principal, OLPS Antipolo
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
190
Appendix D
Cover Letter of Presenting the Product Proposal to the Community
May 3, 2021
MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, Ph.D.
Asst. Principal/ Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Dear Mr. Pacleb:
Greetings of Peace!
The undersigned students are currently working on a research project entitled, “Perception
of Selected Highschool Students on the implementation of Decomposable Packaging in
E-Commerce Transactions: Basis for Product Proposal”. This is one of the requirements
in the subject - Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.
In this regard, we would like to request your good person to give us the opportunity to
present the product proposal alongside with the product blueprint and prototype in the
community of Antipolo City: includes the residents, businesses, and other people
concerned on this matter.
We thank you as we anticipate your favorable response to this request.
Yours truly,
Researchers
MARC CALLE, ALYSSA AQUINO, MARY PEDRAJA, JUSTINE REPOSAR
Noted:
Endorsed:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
Subject Teacher - 3Is
(SGD) MR. HERBRIANCE H. BRIONES
SHS Level Coordinator
Approved:
(SGD) MR. GERARD C. ACEBES, MA
HS- Subject Team Leader in English
(SGD) MR. JORGE T. PACLEB, PhD
Asst. Principal/ Academic Coordinator
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
191
Appendix E
List of Figures
Figure 1: Product Blueprint
Figure 2: Product Protoype (Paper)
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
192
Figure 3: Product Protoype (Possible Products)
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
193
Appendix F
List of Tables
Table 1: SWOT Analysis
Strengths
•
Eco-friendly
•
Unique
•
Plantable
•
Promote zero waste management
•
Easy to dispose
•
No chemicals used
•
Will stop or lessen the distribution of plastics
•
Less competitors
•
Can build trust with possible customers
•
Low cost of raw material
•
Due to its material being kraft, it is sturdier
and
more
durable
than
other
paper
packaging.
Weaknesses
•
Promote corporate social responsibility
•
Inconsistent texture or thickness of the
packaging
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
194
•
May not be suitable for some fragile items
•
May not be suitable for wet products
•
The design of the packaging may be
affected
•
Lack consumer’s trust on the product
•
There is no assurance that customers will
plant the packaging
Opportunities
•
People will care more for the environment
•
Will attract more customers
•
Flexible and can be used in various
industries
Threats
•
Low cost and saves resources
•
Rising demand for eco-friendly packaging
•
Possible new competitors
•
Other eco-friendly products
•
Availability of more convenient packaging
Table 2: PESTLE Analysis
Political
•
Philippine Development plan 2017-2022
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
195
•
2017 Paris Agreement
•
National Framework Strategy on Climate
Change
•
Current and project economic growth, inflation
and interest rates
Economic
•
Average disposable income level
•
Effect of organic and decomposable products
to the market
Social
Technological
•
Customer buying trends
•
Lifestyle Attitudes
•
Increasing attention in health care
•
Online selling through social media
•
Communication
with
the
consumers
•
Manufacturing of the product
customer
and
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
196
•
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
•
Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear
Waste Control Act of 1990
Legal
•
Environmental
Impact
Statement
Statement Of 1978
Environmental
•
Climate and weather
•
Attention to Carbon Footprint
•
Sustainable development goals
Table 3: Costing and Budgeting for PlantABag
1
2
5
PRODUCT COSTING AND BUDGETING
Item Name
Units
Value
Direct Materials
Kraft Paper
24 inches x 50 meters
₱220.00
Spinach Seeds
1,200 seeds
₱20.00
Total:
₱240.00
Direct Labor
Wages
1 employee
₱350.00
Total:
₱350.00
Production Costs:
₱590.00
(EIS)
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
197
Proponents
1. Calle, Marc Danniell Alexie T.
2. Aquino, Alyssa Germaine, R.
3. Reposar, Justine Nicole, G.
4. Pedraja, Mary Anne, O.
REFERENCES
Electronic Sources:
Asmelash, L. (2019, September 8). What you need to know about carbon
footprints.
Retrieved
April
14,
2020,
from
CNN
Philippines:
https://cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2019/9/8/carbon-footprintenvironment.html
Brandelity. (2020). Brandelity. Retrieved May 3, 2021 from, https://brandelity.com/
Botanical Paperworks. (2017, March 1). Sustainable Eco Packaging with Seed
Paper. Botanical PaperWorks; Botanical PaperWorks. Retrieved April 14,
2021
from,
https://botanicalpaperworks.com/blog/sustainable-eco-
packaging-with-seed-paper/
Christensen, S. (2020, April 20). How to Make Plantable Seed Paper. Retrieved
April 18, 2021, from https://www.naturesseed.com/blog/how-to-make-
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
198
plantable-seed-paper/
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. (2020). Major Environmental
Laws. Retrieved April 18, 2020, from Environmental Compliance
Assistance Center : http://ecac.emb.gov.ph/?page_id=43
Emenac Packaging USA. (2019, September 30). Emenac Packaging USA.
Emenac
Packaging.
Retrieved
April
14,
2021
from,
https://www.emenacpackaging.com/5-reasons-why-demand-for-ecofriendly-packaging-is-rising/
Faicol, B. (2019, April 22). Don’t Throw Away Your Paper Bags When You Buy
Food! Retrieved April 22, 2021, from https://www.yummy.ph/newstrends/paper-bag-silent-beads-a00260-20190422
Green Business Bureau. (2017, November 2). 10 Advantages of Green Packaging
to
the
Environment.
Retrieved
April
14,
2021
from,
https://greenbusinessbureau.com/blog/10-advantages-of-greenpackaging-to-the-environment/
Greengiving.
(n.d).
Greengiving.
Retrieved
May
3,
2021
from,
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
199
https://www.greengiving.eu/
GOVPH. (2021, April 14). - Philippine Development Plan. Philippine Development
Plan.
Retrieved
April
18,
2021
from,
http://pdp.neda.gov.ph/#:~:text=The%20Philippine%20Development%20Pl
an%2020172022%20is%20the%20first,also%20takes%20into%20account%20the%20c
ountry%E2%80%99s%20international%20
Hughes Enterprises. (2019, November 1). Eco-Friendly Packaging, Customer
Loyaalty
|
Hughes
Enterprise.
Retrieved
April
14,
2021
from,
https://www.hughesent.com/blog/eco-friendly-packaging-builds-loyalty/
J. (2019, September 24). Sustainable Packaging: 5 Ideas Companies Should
Embrace.
Easyship.
Retrieved
April
14,
2021
from,
https://www.easyship.com/blog/eco-friendly-packaging
Parker, J. (2019, December 11). Top lifestyle trends for 2020. Retrieved April 19,
2021, from Livingetc: https://www.livingetc.com/whats-news/top-lifestyletrends-for-2020-222003
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
200
Phiippine Statistics Authority. (2019). Income and Expenditure. Retrieved October
17, 2020, from Philippine Statistics Autority: Retrived April 19, 2021 from,
https://psa.gov.ph/survey/annual-povertyindicator#:~:text=The%20survey%20results%20showed%20that,was%20
approximately%20267%20thousand%20pesos.
Rinkesh. (2014, June 27). 20 Environmental Problems That Our World is Facing
Today. Conserve Energy Future. https://www.conserve-energyfuture.com/15-current-environmental-problems.php
Rombus Packaging. (2019, February 28). The Increasing Demand for EcoFriendly Products and Packaging. Packageintegrity. Retrieved April 14,
2021 from, https://www.packageintegrity.com/single-post/2019/02/27/TheIncreasing-Demand-for-Eco-Friendly-Products-and-Packaging
United Nations Climate Change. (2020). The Paris Agreement | UNFCCC.
Unfccc.int. Retrieved April 18, 2021 from, https://unfccc.int/process-andmeetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
United Nations. (2019). Philippines: Voluntary National Review 2019. Retrieved
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
201
April
19,
2021,
from
UN:
Sustainable
Development
Goals:
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/philippines
World Bank. (2020, June 1). Philippines Economic Update, June 2020 : Braving
the New Normal. Retrieved October 17, 2020, from World Bank Group:
Open
Knowledge
Repository:
Retrived
April
19,
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33879
2021
from,
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
202
CURRICULUM VITAE
MARC DANNIELL ALEXIE T. CALLE
Block 8, Lot 14, El Toro Drive, Woodrow Hills Subdivision, North
Gate, Barangay Dalig, Antipolo City, Rizal
 Mobile: 09616120315  E-mail: marckyyy2@gmail.com
“Beyond Knowledge, Humility is the Key to Succeed.”
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To build a personal goal into an organization action. To acquire new knowledge
and enhance my professional skills in my workplace. To always tell the truth and factual
information to the public. To cooperate and collaborate actively to my co-worker and the
public. To use my voice to encourage others especially in the language of business and
to share my knowledge to other people as well.
ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION
Primary Education: Our Lady of Peace School
Years of inclusion: 2008-2015
Achievements: Honor Student
Secondary Education: Our Lady of Peace School
Years of inclusion: 2015-2021
Achievements: Honor Student, Recognition Awards in Organizations and
Campus Journalism
KEY SKILLS
•
Personal skills:
- Highly organized
- I am good at managing my time.
- Ability to Work in Harmony with Co-Workers.
- Adaptable and flexible in my environment and people I blend in.
- Ability to work under pressure.
- Exceptional listener and communicator.
- Facilitate group conversation.
- Passionate and Committed
• Leadership skills:
- Capable of handling pressures and uncertainty
- Ability to manage members and tasks
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
203
-
Effectively communicate with members and able to give clear instructions
Has integrity and honesty in the tasks
Ability to delegate members
Flexible and ability to adapt changes
• Technical Skills
- Ability to handle and manage Multimedia (Live Broadcast and Taped/Recorded)
using OBS Studio
- Ability to edit videos and sounds using Adobe Premier Pro
- Ability to edit animations using Adobe After Effects
- Ability to layout publication materials and other layout materials using Canva,
Adobe Illustrator, and Adobe in Design
- Ability to edit photos using Adobe Photoshop
- Effectively use Microsoft Excel, PowerPoint, and Word for letters, professional,
academic, and journal writings, presentations, and databases
- Computer Literate
- Software Proficiency
- Typing Skills
- Data Analysis
- Flexible personality
• Reliability and Work Ethic:
- Easily adapts to an environment that hones the skills of a beginner
- Reliable and a responsible person
- Mature enough to face life in the workforce.
• Community Involvement:
- Actively participates with school community extension service that extends care
to the less fortunate
- Ministering in the local church parish in form of multi-media associate
AFFILIATION
•
•
-
Hills of Zion City Church Antipolo
Member, Youth Ministry since 2012
Media Associate, since 2020
OLPSIAN Times Campus Journalism
News Writer, News Section since 2016
Assistant News Editor, News Section since 2018
Member/Broadcaster, Broadcast Team since 2018
Senior News Writer, News Section/Senior Broadcaster, Broadcast Team/Media
Associate, Media Team since 2019
Layout Head, Guidance Office since 2020
Broadcast Head, OT Broadcast Team since 2020
Creative Team, OT Campus Journalism since 2021
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
204
HOBBIES AND INTERESTS
-
Writing Journals and Articles
Reading Books Watching films
Listening to Music
Playing Computer Games
LANGUAGE
- Filipino and English
CHARACTER REFERENCE
Name: Mr. Herbriance H. Briones, MA
Position: 12-Accountancy, Business, and Management Adviser/ SHS Coordinator
Company or organization: Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Contact number: 09453908510
Name: Ms. Hervic Grace Lacanienta, MA
Position: Olpsian Times Campus Journalism Moderator
Company or organization: Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Contact number: 09650975114
DECLARATION
I solemnly declare that all the above information is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and belief.
MARC DANNIELL ALEXIE T. CALLE
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
205
CURRICULUM VITAE
ALYSSA GERMAINE R. AQUINO
209 St. Ignatius St., Ma. Corazon, Brgy. Cupang, Antipolo City, Rizal
 Mobile: 09279570987  E-mail: alyssaaquinooo22@gmail.com
“The pain that you’ve been feeling,
can’t compare to the joy that’s coming.” - Romans 8:18
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To contribute in finding solution for different social and environmental problems. To
be a good team member. To set and achieve my own goals at the same time achieving
the objectives of the organization. To expand my knowledge and experience. To share my
knowledge to other people.
ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION
Primary Education: Sta. Rosa Catholic School
Years of inclusion: 2008-2009
Primary Education: Our Lady of Peace School
Years of inclusion: 2010-2015
Achievements: N/A
Secondary Education: Our Lady of Peace School
Years of inclusion: 2015-2021
Achievements: Honor Student
KEY SKILLS
•
•
•
•
•
Personal skills: Adaptability, collaboration, good attitude, hardworking, empathy,
creative, planning
Leadership skills: Integrity, people management, teamwork, humility, fairness
Technical Skills: Communication Skills, Project Management, Technical Writing
Reliability and Work Ethic: have integrity at all times, remove biased opinions,
always credit those who you need to credit,
Community Involvement: CES during JHS
AFFILIATION
•
N/A
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
206
HOBBIES AND INTERESTS
Reading books, book collecting, scrapbooking or journaling, photography,
watching films, listening to music, traveling, arts and crafts
LANGUAGE
- Filipino and English
CHARACTER REFERENCE
Name: Mr. Herbriance H. Briones, MA
Position: 12-Accountancy, Business, and Management Adviser/ SHS Coordinator
Company or organization: Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Contact number: 09453908510
Name: Ms. Christine Mae Medina, LPT
Position: 12 – Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Adviser
Company or organization: Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Contact number: 09166229750
DECLARATION
I solemnly declare that all the above information is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and belief.
ALYSSA GERMAINE R. AQUINO
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
207
CURRICULUM VITAE
JUSTINE NICOLE REPOSAR
Block 51 Lot 64 Angelica Drive, Robinsons Homes East,
Brgy. San Jose, Antipolo City
 Mobile: 09454723307  E-mail: justinereposarr@gmail.com
“Anything's possible if you've got enough nerve.”
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To have a professional background in the field that I will work on. To be able
to achieve my goals and dreams while being able to help the people around me.
To be able to use my learnings in a good way to encourage, motivate, and inspire
other people.
ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION
Primary Education: Our Lady of Peace School
Years of inclusion: 2009-2015
Achievements: Subject Proficiency Awardee – Science, Recognition Award – 3rd
Place in Histoquiz Quiz Bee
Secondary Education: Our Lady of Peace School
Years of inclusion: 2015-2021
Achievements: N/A
KEY SKILLS
1.
Personal skills: Creativity, Communication, Emotional Intelligence
2.
Leadership skills: Communication, Motivation, Responsibility
3.
Technical Skills: Video Editing, Graphic Design, Social Marketing
4.
Reliability and Work Ethic: Cooperation, Productivity, Respect, Character
5.
Community Involvement: Community Extension Services
AFFILIATION
N/A
HOBBIES AND INTERESTS
Journaling, Video editing, Photography, Cooking, reading books, Listening to
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
208
Music
LANGUAGE
Filipino and English
CHARACTER REFERENCE
Name: Mr. Herbriance H. Briones, MA
Position: 12-Accountancy, Business, and Management Adviser/ SHS Coordinator
Company or organization: Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Contact number: 09453908510
Name: Ms. Christine Mae J. Medina, LPT
Position: 12-Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics Adviser
Company or organization: Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Contact number: 09166229750
DECLARATION
I solemnly declare that all the above information is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and belief.
JUSTINE NICOLE REPOSAR
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
209
CURRICULUM VITAE
Mary Anne O. Pedraja
#3 Lopez Jaena St, Barangay San Jose Antipolo City
 Mobile: 09282335505 ? E-mail: meanpedraja17@gmail.com
“Nothing is Impossible”
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To build a personal goal into an organization action. To acquire new knowledge
and enhance my professional skills in my workplace. To always tell the truth and factual
information to the public. To cooperate and collaborate actively to my co-worker and the
public. To use my voice to encourage others especially in the language of business and
to share my knowledge to other people as well.
ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION
Primary Education: Our Lady of Peace School
Years of inclusion: 2009-0200
Achievements: Member of Homemakers Club
Secondary Education: Our Lady of Peace School
Years of inclusion: 2009-0200
Achievements: N/A
KEY SKILLS
•
•
•
•
•
Personal skills: Communication, Emotional Intelligence
Leadership skills: Teamwork, Humility, Fairness
Technical Skills: Social Marketing, Computer Literate, Typing Master
Reliability and Work Ethic: Productivity, Respect, Character
Community Involvement: Community Extension Services
AFFILIATION
-
Immaculate Concepcion Parish, Antipolo City
Member, Youth Ministry, since 2015
Member, Choir, since 2015
HOBBIES AND INTERESTS
Dancing, and Eating
Our Lady of Peace School
Antipolo City
Administered by the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
PAASCU Accredited
210
LANGUAGE
- Filipino and English
CHARACTER REFERENCE
Name: Mr. Herbriance H. Briones, MA
Position: 12-Accountancy, Business, and Management Adviser/ SHS Coordinator
Company or organization: Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Contact number: 09453908510
Name: Ms. Christine Mae J. Medina, LPT
Position: 12-Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics Adviser
Company or organization: Our Lady of Peace School, Antipolo City
Contact number: 09166229750
DECLARATION
I solemnly declare that all the above information is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and belief.
MARY ANNE O. PEDRAJA