Lab Values
Electrolytes
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Sodium: 136-145 mEq/L
 Maintains cell fluids; helps nerves
communicate
 Deviation: changes in neurological
complications; seizure precautions
Potassium: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
 Cardiac complications
 Too much: stops heart (asystole)
 Too little: cardiac electrical instability
and ventricular dysrhythmias
Chloride: 98-106 mEq/L
Total calcium: 9.0-10.5 mg/dL
 Needed for bones, teeth, nerve
impulses, muscle contraction, blood
clotting
 Muscle/cardiac implications r/t
contractility
 Imbalance: tingling, spasms
Magnesium: 1.3-2.1 mg/dL
 Cardiac implications
 Too much: muscle weakness,
hypotension, bradycardia
 Too little: ventricular
tachycardia/fibrillation
 Prevents K+ from being excreted: too
little  decreased K+ levels  heart
problems
Phosphorus: 3.0-4.5 mg/dL
Kidneys
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BUN: 10-20 mg/dL
Creatinine
 Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
 Female: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL
GFR: 90-120 mL/min
Ammonia: 15-110 mg/dL
Urine specific gravity: 1.015-1.030
Urine pH: 4.6-8.0 (average 6.0)
Urinalysis
 Negative for: glucose, RBC, WBC,
albumin
 Bacteria < 1000 colonies/mL
Blood
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WBC: 5,000-10,000/mm3
 Neutrophils: 45-75%
 Lymphocytes: 16-46%
 Monocytes: 4-11%
 Eosinophils: 1-8%
 Basophils: 0-3%
RBC
 Male: 4.7-6.1 million/mm3
 Female: 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
Hgb
 Male: 14-18 g/100 mL
 Female: 12-16 g/100 mL
Hct
 Male: 42-52%
 Female: 37-47%
Platelet: 150,000-400,000/mm3
MCV: 80-90 mm3
MCH: 27-31 pg/cell
MCHC: 31-37% Hb/cell
ESR
 Male: 0-17 mm/h
 Female: 0-25 mm/h
Iron
 Male: 80-180 mcg/dL
 Female: 60-160 mcg/dL
Albumin: 3.1-4.3 g/dL
Bilirubin
 Total: 0-1.0
 Unconjugated (indirect): 0.2-0.8 mg/dL
 Conjugated (direct): 0.1-1.0 mg/dL
Cholesterol
 Total: < 200 mg/dL
 LDL (bad): < 100
 HDL (good): > 40
 Triglycerides: < 150 mg/dL
Clotting
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PT: 11-13 sec
 1.5-2x normal value if on Coumadin
INR: 0.7-1.8
 2-3 if on Coumadin
PTT: 25-40 sec
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1.5-2x normal value if on heparin
Blood Glucose
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Glucose: 70-105 mg/dL (fasting)
 Postprandial: 70-140 mg/dL
 Too much: polydipsia, polyphagia,
polyuria
 Too little: chills, diaphoresis, hunger,
altered LOC
HgbA1c: < 6.5%
 < 7% for diabetics
ABG
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pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg
PaO2: 80-100 mmHg
HCO3: 22-26 mmol/L
Cardiac
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Creatinine phosphokinase MB (CK-MB): 30-170
units/L
 Increases 4-6 hours after MI and
remains elevated for 24-72 hours
Troponin: < 0.2 ng/dL
 Gold standard for determining if there
was an MI
GI/Endocrine
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Stomach pH: 1.5-2.5
Liver enzymes
 ALT/SGPT: 8-20 units/L
 AST/SGOT: 5-40 units/L (Kaplan says 820 units/L)
 ALP: 42-128 units/L
 Total protein: 6-8 gm/dL
Pancreatic enzymes
 Amylase: 56-90 IU/L
 Lipase: 0-110 units/L
 Prothrombin time: 0.8-1.2
TSH: 0.5-5.0 mcU/mL
Med Levels
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Digoxin: 0.5-2.0 ng/mL
Lithium: 0.8-1.4 mEq/L
Dilantin: 10-20 mcg/mL
Theophylline: 10-20 mcg/mL