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Fetal Period: from fertilized ovum to delivery
Neonatal Period: from umbilical ligation to 28thday
Infancy: from delivery to 1 year old
Toddler Age : from 1 to 3 years old
Preschool Age: from 3 years old to 6-7 years old
School Age : from 6-7 years old to adolescence
Adolescence: from the appearance of 2nd sexual character to genitality maturity and growth
completion
2mons lifts head
10mons stands alone
4mons rolls over
1year walks alone
6mons sits
2year runs well
8mons creeps
3year hops
5 days – neonatal
5months – infant
15 year old – aldolescence
Primary teeth: total 20.
The first eruption is at about 6 months(4~10 months) .
Delayed eruption is usually considered when there are no teeth by approximately ? months
of age. 12month
The last eruption of primary teeth is at 2~2.5 years of age.
Delayed eruption: hypothyroidism
Disorder: hypothyroidism, brain dysplasia
Failing to erupt: ectodermal dysplasia, mechanical blockage.
Abnormality of dental enamel: ectodermal dysplasia.
Weight :- at birth 3kg.
formulae:
3~12months: weight(kg)=(age month+9)/2
2-12years BW(kg)＝age of yrs×2＋8
Length: At birth is 50 cm
1 year is 75cm
2-12years BH(cm)＝age of yrs×7＋75
Head circumference : at birth 34cm.
12 month 46cm, 24 month 48cm, 3 month 40 cm
Small head circumference (HC): cerebral dysplasia, microcephaly.
HC increases too fast : hydrocephalus.
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Closure time of anterior fontanel < 18 month and 1.5 – 2cm.
Closure of posterior fontanel 1 -2 months and 0.5 -0.7 cm.
Cranial suture 3-4 month smallest.
Abnormality of anterior fontanel:
Small size of early closure : microcephaly.
Large size or delayed closure : hydrocephalus, rickets.
Bulging fontanel : intracranial hypertension, encephalitis, meningitis.
Sunken fontanel : dehydration.
27. Rickets:
Etiology or cause of rickets is lack of sunshine, underfeeding, rapid growth, influence of disease,
influence of medicine.
To administrate vit. D3 200-400u/d., calcium gluconate.
28. Tetany:
Active tetany : serum ionized calcium 1.75-1.88mmol/l
Convulsion, carpopedal spasm,laryngeal spasm
Latent tetany: serum ionized calcium <1.75mmol/l
Chvostek sign, trousseau sign, peroneal sign.
Treatment: anticonvulsant , oxygen, calcium, vit.D.
29. Preterm infant : GA < 37 WEEKS.
30. Term infant : 37 weeks < GA <42 WEEKS.
31. Post term infant : GA> 42 WEEKS.
32. A NORMAL TERM INFANT : GA is between 37-42 weeks, weighing over 2500g, without any
anomalies or complication.
33. APGAR : 8-10: NORMAL, 4-7: MILD ASPHYXIA, 0-3 : SEVERE ASPHYXIA.
34. Physiologic jaundice:After 24 hrs of age more in 2-3 days.
Total bilirubin rises less than 5mg/dl(85mmol/l)
Peak bilirubin at 3-5 days with a total bilirubin of no more than 15mg/dl(258mmol/l)
Resolved in no more than 2 weeks.
35. Pathologic jaundice:
Appears in 24hr after born.
Total bilirubin >5mg/dl
Peak bilirubin >12.9mg/dl
Conjugated bilirubin level >2.0mg/dl (34mmol/l)
Continued for 2 weeks in term infant or 4 week in preterm infant.
36. TREATMENT OF JAUNDICE:
PHOTOTHERAPY: THE BEST TREATING METHOD.
EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION.
37. KERNICTERUS :
WARNING PHASE: lethargy
Spasm phase : convulsion
Recovery phase: good feeding
Sequel phase : tetralogy of kernicterus.
Phototherapy : the best treating method.
38. Two dimensional echocardiography is the most useful test to monitor the potential
development of coronary abnormalities.
39. Tb :
Source of infection : mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mode of infection: respiratory, alimentary, skin or placenta.
Lab: mantoux test : the test should be read during 48-72 hrs after injection.
40. Mild diarrhea :< 10 times/day, yellowish , sour smell, non infectious.
41. Severe: more than 10 times/day, watery,plenty of mucus, vomiting, dehydration,
42. Vibrio cholera are causes of secretory diarrhea.
43. The mostly infective causes of acute diarrhea are rota virus, e.coli, shigella etc
44. Types of dehydration:Hypotonic: <280mosm/l, serum Na <130 mmol/l
Isotonic: 280-300mosm/l , serum Na 130-150 mmol/l
Hypertonic: >300mosm/l , serum Na >150 mmol/l
45. Hypopotassemia: serum k <3.5mmol/l
46. Hypocalcemia: serum Ca <1.88mmol/l
47. Herpangia is caused by coxsackie A group viruses.
48. SARS caused by a Corona virus.