SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
DIGITAL LIBRARIES AND RESOURCES
PRELIM Exam
Instructor: Mr. Jolo Van Clyde S. Abatayo, RL, MLIS
Name: _____________________________________
Date: _______________
Course/Year: ____________
Score: _________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following does not clearly speak about digital libraries?
a. they provide services that are assemblages of digital computing, storage, and communications
machinery together with the software
b. these are needed to reproduce, emulate, and extend the services provided by conventional
libraries based on paper and other material means of collecting, storing, cataloguing, finding, and
disseminating information
c. digital libraries are a set of electronic resources and associated technical capabilities for
creating, searching, and using information
d. they are an extension and enhancements of information storage and retrieval systems that
manipulate digital data in a single type of medium only and exist in distributed networks
2. Which of the following is NOT a feature of a digital library?
a. new forms of rendering (new genre)
b. Open Access and sharing of information
c. Lesser variety and granularity of information
d. Access-Anytime (24/7)
3. The following are the elements in various definitions of a digital library, except ___________.
a. Universal access to digital libraries and information services is a goal
b. The digital library is a single entity
c. The linkages between the many digital libraries and information services are transparent to the
end users
d. The digital library requires technology to link the resources of many
4. Which of the following is NOT a goal of digital libraries?
a. focusing instead on fully integrating digital material into the library’s collections through a
modular systems architecture
b. Focused on digitization technology, metadata schemes, data management techniques, and
digital preservation
c. exploring new opportunities and developing new competencies
d. extending to digital artefacts that can be represented or distributed in printed formats
5. The following are important ingredients for digital libraries, except ______________.
a. intrapersonal skills
b. digital objects
c. software and hardware
d. basic skills
6. When we say hardware is important for a digital library, what does it emphasize further?
a. it provides us things to learn
b. the minimum machinery to do the job
c. the programs for handling data
d. the resources that need to be digitized
SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
7. When we consider software as an important element for a digital library, what does it emphasize further?
a. it provides us things to learn
b. the minimum machinery to do the job
c. the programs for handling data
d. the resources that need to be digitized
8. Which of the following is NOT needed when dealing with hardware in digital libraries?
a. Scanner
b. bookmarks
c. a server
d. a good computing device
9. Which of the following is much needed when dealing with software in digital libraries?
a. Phishing
b. Ransomware
c. Proprietary software d. hard disk
10. It is the process of converting paper and other media in existing collections to digital form.
a. content curation
b. digital archiving
c. digitization
d. coding
11. The following are the possible steps in creating a digital library, except ________________.
a. providing access
b. archiving
c. accessioning
d. selecting
12. It refers to the conversion of any fixed or analogue media--such as books, journal articles, photos,
paintings, microforms--into electronic form through scanning, sampling, or in fact even re-keying.
a. cloud computing
b. metadata
c. digital preservation
d. digitization
13. Which of the following is NOT part of a digitization process?
a. digital conversion like text conversion through digital capture with camera of scanner
b. assigning bookmarks and stamping of ownership seals
c. moving files to temporary storage
d. merging files
14. Below are procedures of digitization, except _________.
a. short term storage
b. scanning
c. preparing the objects
d. value addition
15. Which of the following is NOT mainly included in the digital production process?
a. quality management
b. workflow management
c. project management
d. personnel management
16. When we deal with metadata and content data, structuring, media neutrality, what part of digital
production process we are doing?
a. workflow management
b. data management
c. content management
d. personnel management
17. When we prioritize processing, conversion, automation, and interfaces, what part of digital production
process we are focusing?
a. workflow management
b. data management
c. content management
d. personnel management
18. When we focus on style files, information/object models, and archiving, what part of digital
production process we are dealing with?
a. project management
b. data management
c. content management d. quality management
19. When we prioritize data, process, and content consistency, what part of digital production process we
are doing?
a. project management
b. data management
c. content management
d. quality management
SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
20. Microsoft Word and WordPerfect are examples of ________________.
a. hybrid formats
b. proprietary formats
c. open encoded formats
d. pure image formats
21. TIFF and JPEG are examples of _______________.
a. hybrid formats
b. proprietary formats
c. open encoded formats
d. pure image formats
22. PDF and DjVu are examples of ______________.
a. hybrid formats
b. proprietary formats
c. open encoded formats
d. pure image formats
23. XML, HTML, ASCII, and Unicode are examples of ______________.
a. hybrid formats
b. proprietary formats
c. open encoded formats d. pure image formats
24. Which of the following is NOT an issue when dealing with digitization?
a. doing bookmarking
b. respecting copyright
c. dealing with file size
d. choosing a storage medium
25. When it comes to publishing for digital libraries, which of the following is NOT a challenge?
a. creating contents and reduplication
b. preservation of layout
c. efficient image compression
d. accommodating low bandwidth user
26. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for selecting content?
a. Their intellectual or cultural value
b. Whether they provide limited access than possible with original materials (e.g., fragile, rare
materials)
c. Their potential for long-term use
d. Whether they provide greater access than possible with original materials (e.g., fragile, rare
materials)
27. The following best describe what is Metadata, except __________.
a. Makes object viewing, management, and preservation more complex
b. The data that describes the content and attributes of any particular item
c. Facilitate searching and discovery
d. Key to resource discovery and use of any document
28. Which of the following is NOT an element of Dublin Core?
a. title, creator, subject, and keywords
b. publisher, contributor, date
c. programming language, coder, phisher
d. resource identifier, resource type, source
29. Which of the following is NOT an activity under Rights Management?
a. Identifying and authenticating users
b. Handling transactions with users by allowing only so many copies to be accessed, or by
charging them for a copy, or by passing the request on to a publisher
c. Providing the copyright status of each digital object, and the restrictions on its use or the fees
associated with it
SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
d. coding, programming, and encrypting files that are necessary to be published to augment
accessibility
30. It is the process of keeping digital information available in perpetuity.
a. digital preservation
b. cloud computing
c. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
d. Data Management
31. Which of the following is NOT a type of preservation?
a. Preservation of access to content
b. Preservation through coding and conservation
c. Preservation of the storage medium
d. Preservation of fixed-media materials through digital technology
32. Vannevar Bush envisioned the whole scientific self-archiving movement. What was the name of the
device which was for personal use – a private file system where the individual could store all books,
records and communications needed for private and professional life?
a. Mendrex
b. Memex
c. TP LINK
d. ARPANET
33. It considered as a fantastic index finger from the past pointing in the direction
of Digital Libraries and a realization of the most recent attempt to solve the information
overload problem
a. Mendrex
b. Memex
c. TP LINK
d. ARPANET
34. When was the term “Digital Library” used in articles for the first time?
a. early 1990s
b. early 1980s
c. early 1960s
d. early 1970s
35. HTTP stands for?
a. Hyperlink Transfer Protocol (HTTP) b. Hyper Language Transmission Protocol
c. Hypertext Transfer Protocol d. Hypertext Transmission Protocol (HTTP)
36. WWW stands for?
a. World Wireless Web
b. World Wide Web
c. Wide World Web
d. Widened World Web
37. Who pioneered the appearance of the first web browser during the early 1990s at CERN and the
inventor of the WWW?
a. Larry Page
b. Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace
c. Tim Berners-Lee
d. Charles Babbage
38. It is a communications protocol designed to support searching and retrieval of full-text documents,
bibliographic data, images, multimedia etc. in a distributed network environment,
a. Open Archive Initiative
b. Dublin Core
c. Encoded Archival Description
d. Z39.50
39. It is a protocol for metadata harvesting.
a. Open Archive Initiative
b. Dublin Core
c. Encoded Archival Description
d. Z39.50
40. Which of the following is NOT a standard for metadata handling?
a. Dublin Core (DC)
b. Metadata and Encoding Transmission Standard
c. Encoded Archival Description (EAD)
d. Metadata Observer Protocol (MOP)
SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
41. It is used to define a library where digital and printed information co-exists.
a. Digital Library
b. Electronic Library
c. Library without Walls
d. Hybrid Library
42. Which of the following is NOT a part of the backbone of any Digital Library?
a. the reliance on high-speed networks b. computer software
c. hardware
d. database
43. It widely used by all kinds of institutional repositories archiving scientific material which most of the
time fits right in to either two of the definitions of Digital Libraries.
a. Open Access Initiative-Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
b. Metadata and Encoding Transmission Standard
c. Encoded Archival Description (EAD)
d. Metadata Observer Protocol (MOP)
44. It provides an application-independent interoperability framework based on metadata harvesting.
a. Open Access Initiative-Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
b. Metadata and Encoding Transmission Standard
c. Encoded Archival Description (EAD)
d. Metadata Observer Protocol (MOP)
45. It is a class of participants in the OAI-PMH framework that use metadata harvested via the OAI-PMH
as a basis for building value-added services.
a. Data Providers
b. Service Providers
c. Content Creators
d. Content Curators
46. It is a class of participants in the OAI-PMH framework that administer systems which support the
OAI-PMH as a means of exposing metadata.
a. Data Providers
b. Service Providers
c. Content Creators
d. Content Curators
47. One of the major issues of Digital Libraries at the moment is the question of creating a digital
collection with some sort of scope and critical mass. This is especially true when it comes to offering fulltext records. Building the collection usually means four things. Which of the following is NOT included?
a. Dealing with rights management issues, such as keeping track of copyright status of the digital
material, identifying and authenticating users and their access to the material
b. Acquiring digital works created by anyone on the Internet and the Cloud
c. Purchasing or using free external material by either incorporating the material, such as
electronic books and journals, or creating pointers to external websites.
d. Converting paper originals into digital format
48. With the definitions given by Research initiatives, Science foundations and Digital Library researches,
there are three elements seems to be necessary. Which of the following is not one of these necessary
elements?
a. The collection is organized for a group or community of user
b. It can be partly bibliographical but full-text files of the data, if it is an article or manuscript etc.,
is now frequently added and required
in various formats
c. There must be some sort of organized collection.
d. There must be a digital librarian, human or artificial intelligence, who will manage it
SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
49. These are organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure,
offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over
time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use by a
defined community or set of communities.
a. Hybrid Libraries
b. Digital Libraries
c. Internet Service Providers
d. Data Management Centers
50. Below are various features that are significant for digital libraries except ____________.
a. database structure, data mining, retrieval algorithms, filtering and network architecture
b. disabling technologies to successfully manipulate general content
c. distributed environments
d. a CD-ROM with digitized books in a certain subject area
51. It is a software algorithm for encoding the data and any information about the data.
a. data algorithm
b. internet protocol
c. database structure
d. file format
52. These are developed and used in software by commercial companies.
a. Public Domain file formats
c. proprietary file formats
b. open file formats
d. Data mining file formats
53. These file formats are available for use by anyone.
a. Public Domain file formats
b. open file formats
c. proprietary file formats
d. Data mining file formats
54. In these file formats, we can find the most widely used character set encoding ASCII (American
Standard Code for Information Interchange) (ISO 641).
a. Plain text formats
b. UNICODE formats
c. Proprietary formatted-text formats
d. Rich Text Formats (RTF)
55. This is a new and more sophisticated character sets designed to cover all the worlds alphabets.
a. UNICODE (ISO 10646-1)
b. Rich Text Formats (RTF)
c. QuarkExpress
d. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) (ISO 641)
56. MSWord, WordPerfect, and other word processing applications are examples of _______________.
a. Plain text formats
b. UNICODE formats
c. Proprietary formatted-text formats
d. Rich Text Formats (RTF)
57. It is an export/import format developed by Microsoft and used by many word processers.
a. Plain text formats
b. UNICODE formats
c. Proprietary formatted-text formats
d. Rich Text Formats (RTF)
58. They describe shapes and the layout of a document.
a. Rich Text Formats
b. Page Description Formats
c. Plain Text Formats
d. Proprietary Formatted-Text Formats
59. They are widely used for presentation of formatted pages in databases which carry journal articles in
full-text.
a. Rich Text Formats
b. Page Description Formats
c. Plain Text Formats
d. Proprietary Formatted-Text Formats
SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
60. It is a development out of the Post Script (PS) programming language, developed in the Adobe
laboratories in the mid-1980s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner
independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
a. Structured Information Formats
b. Page Description Formats
c. Portable Document Format
d. Proprietary Formatted-Text Formats
61. They do not describe layout, but instead the structure of the document.
a. Structured Information Formats
b. Page Description Formats
c. Portable Document Format
d. Proprietary Formatted-Text Formats
62. The meta language, SGML stands for ____________?
a. Standard General Mark-up Language
b. Standard Generalized Mark-up Language
c. Specified General Mark-up Language
d. Specified Generalized Mark-up Language
63. Which of the following best describes the meta language, SGML?
a. markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data
b. defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and
machine-readable.
c. a standard for how to specify a document markup language or tag set.
d. it is a document language, not a description of how to specify one
64. The meta language, XML stands for ____________?
a. Extension Markup Language
b. Encrypted Markup Language
c. Extended Markup Language
d. Extensible Markup Language
65. Which of the following best describes the meta language, XML?
a. markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data
b. based on the idea that documents have structural and other semantic elements that can be
described without reference to how such elements should be displayed
c. a standard for how to specify a document markup language or tag set.
d. it is a document language, not a description of how to specify one
66. It is a reduced tag set version of SGML.
a. XML
b. HTML
c. Encoded Archival Description
d. Document Type Definition
67. Which of the following best describes the document type definition, HTML?
a. markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data
b. based on the idea that documents have structural and other semantic elements that can be
described without reference to how such elements should be displayed
c. a standard for how to specify a document markup language or tag set.
d. the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser
68. The acronym, HTLML, stands for _______?
a. HyperText Markup Language b. Hyperlink Text Markup Language (HTML)
c. Hyper Text Minimal Language
d. Hyper Text Minimum Language (HTML)
69. It can be described in terms of vector graphics or raster graphics.
a. visual aid
b. bitmap
c. JPEG
d. PNG
c. JPEG
d. image map
70. It is an image stored in raster form.
a. visual aid
b. bitmap
SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
71. It is a file containing information that associates different locations on a specified image with
hypertext links.
a. visual aid
b. bitmap
c. JPEG
d. image map
72. It is a common format for exchanging raster graphics (bitmap) images between application programs,
including those used for scanner images.
a. Tag Image File Format
b. Scalable Vector Graphics
c. Portable Network Graphics
d. GIF89a
73. It uses the 2D raster data type and is encoded in binary.
a. GIF89a
b. Joint Photographic Experts Group
c. Graphics Interchange Format d. Scalable Vector Graphics
74. It is an ISO/IEC group of experts that develops and maintains standards for a suite of
compression algorithms for computer image files.
a. GIF89a
b. Joint Photographic Experts Group
c. Graphics Interchange Format
d. Scalable Vector Graphics
75. It has the ability to create an animated image that can be played after transmitting to a viewer page
that moves – for example, a twirling icon or a banner with a hand that waves or letters that magically get
larger.
a. GIF89a
b. PNG
c. Graphics Interchange Format
d. Scalable Vector Graphics
76. It is a file format for image compression that was designed to provide a number of improvements over
the GIF format and it is compressed in a lossless fashion (meaning all image information is restored when
the file is decompressed during viewing).
a. GIF89a
b. PNG
c. Graphics Interchange Format
d. Scalable Vector Graphics
77. It is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics with support for interactivity
and animation.
a. GIF89a
b. PNG
c. Graphics Interchange Format
d. Scalable Vector Graphics
78. It means that the file can be viewed on a computer display of any size and resolution, whether the
small screen of a smartphone or a large widescreen display in a PC.
a. Compression
b. Compatibility
c. Scalability
d. Decompression
79. Based on statistical results and data, 60% of consumers say they’re more likely to consider or contact
a business that has an image show up in local search results. What does it manifest about the impact of
images?
a. images have significant impact on search engines
b. images are important in social sharing
c. they help improve and retain memory
d. they help boost cognition
80. People remember only 10% of information three days after hearing it, on average; adding a picture
can improve recall to 65%. What does it emphasize about the impact of images?
a. images have significant impact on search engines
b. images are important in social sharing
c. they help improve and retain memory
SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
d. they help boost cognition
81. Consumers are significantly more likely to think favorably of ads that emphasize photography, over
ads that emphasize text. What does it indicate about the impact of images?
a. they help people to easily recognize something
b. images are important in social sharing
c. they help improve and retain memory
d. they help boost cognition
82. Images on Facebook receive 20% more engagement than videos and 352% more engagement than
links. What does it signify about the impact of images?
a. they help people to easily recognize something
b. images are important in social sharing
c. they help improve and retain memory
d. they help boost cognition
83. Nearly two-thirds of people say they’re visual learners. What does it manifest about the impact of
images?
a. they help people to easily recognize something
b. images are important in social sharing
c. they help improve and retain memory
d. they help boost cognition
84. It is the smallest addressable element in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in an allpoints addressable display device; so, it is the smallest controllable element of a picture represented on
the screen.
a. 2D image
b. digital image
c. pixel
d. 3D Volume
85. In retrieving images, which of the following resources is NOT needed?
a. Internet access and the ability to download image files
b. Fax Machine
c. Scanner
d. Digital Camera
86. They require payment to use their images but can be a good choice if you are doing work for a
commercial client.
a. Government Websites
b. Creative Commons
c. Stock Photography Sites
d. Rental Ware
87. It’s an internationally active non-profit organization that provides free licences for creators to use
when making their work available to the public.
a. Government Websites
b. Creative Commons
c. Stock Photography Sites
d. Rental Ware
88. Which of the following is NOT part of the decision process of image acquisition?
a. Estimation of application specific parameters, such as object pose or object
size
b. Flag for further human review in medical, military, security and recognition applications
SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
c. Pass/fail on automatic inspection applications
d. Match / no-match in recognition applications
89. Below are included in the analysis process of image acquisition, except _________.
a. Verification that the data satisfy model-based and application specific assumptions
b. Image recognition: classifying a detected object into different categories
c. Selection of a specific set of interest points
d. Image registration: comparing and combining two different views of the same
object
90. It is a process of dimensionality reduction by which an initial set of raw data is reduced to
more manageable groups for processing.
a. Analysis
b. feature extraction
c. Segmentation
d. pre-processing
91. mage features at various levels of complexity are extracted from
the image data. Which of the following is NOT a typical example of such features?
a. Lines, edges, shapes
b. ridges, textures, motions
c. colors, senses, and capacities
d. Localized interest points such as corners, blobs or points.
92. In the pre-processing under image acquisition, this is done to enhance image structures at locally
appropriate scales.
a. Scale-space representation
b. Contrast enhancement
c. Data Analysis
d. Image Detection
93. In the pre-processing under image acquisition, this is done to assure that relevant information can be
detected.
a. Scale-space representation
b. Contrast enhancement
c. Data Analysis
d. Image Detection
94. Is the mathematical technique used to create a new version of the image with a different width and/or
height in pixels.
a. Noise Reduction
b. Pre-processing
c. Pixelation
d. Resampling
95. It refers to the art and science of reducing unwanted random variation of brightness or color
information that appears in digital images shot under low light conditions.
a. Scale-space representation
b. Contrast enhancement
c. Noise Reduction
d. Image Detection
96. In resampling, it is done to increase the size of an image.
a. Noise Cancellation
b. Upsampling
c. Pixelation
d. Downsampling
97. In resampling, it is done to reduce the size of an image.
a. Noise Cancellation
b. Upsampling
c. Pixelation
d. Downsampling
SAINT MICHAEL COLLEGE OF CARAGA
Brgy. 4, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region
Tel. Nos. (085) 343-2232 / (085) 283-3113
www.smccnasipit.edu.ph
98. Below are TRUE about the importance of resampling in the pre-processing of image acquisition,
except ____________.
a. Re-sampling is done in order to assure that the image coordinate system is correct
b. Reducing the size of an image from a scanner or digital camera for emailing or display on the
web
c. Assuring that sensor noises or the variations in colors do not introduce false information
d. Increasing the size of an image before or during the printing process
99. It is produced by one or several image sensors, which, besides various types of light-sensitive
cameras, include range sensors, tomography devices, radar, ultra-sonic cameras, etc
a. pixels
b. digital image c. image samples
d. image resources
100. All image information is restored when the file is decompressed during viewing. What image file
format is being emphasized here?
a. GIF
b. PNG
c. JPEG
PREPARED BY:
JOLO VAN CLYDE S. ABATAYO, RL, MLIS
Subject Teacher
CHECKED BY:
JOLO VAN CLYDE S. ABATAYO, RL, MLIS
Program Head
APPROVED BY:
DAISA O. GUPIT, MIT
Dean
d. TIFF