Chapter 11 - Principles of Pharmacology
Pharmacology
1. _____________________
is the science of drugs, including their ingredients, preparation, uses, and actions on
the body.
medication
2. A _____________________________________
is a substance that is used to treat or prevent disease or relieve
pain.
pharmacodynamics
3. ________________________________________
is the process by which a medication works on the body.
agonists
4. A medication that causes stimulation of receptors are called _________________________________.
While
antagonists
medications that bind to receptors that block other medications are called_____________________________.
dose
5. The amount of medication that is given is the __________________.
action
therapeutic effect
6. The ____________________________________
is the intended _____________________________
that the
medication is expected to have on the body. It can also be referred to as the desired or intended effect.
indications
7. ________________________
are the reasons or condition to give a particular medication.
8. If a medication cannot be given due to it potentially causing harm to the patient or having no positive effect, it is
contradictions
known as a __________________________________________.
side effects
9. Actions of a medication other than the desired ones are called __________________________.
There are two
unintended
effect
types of side effects: ____________________________ effects are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient,
untoward effects
while ___________________________
effects can be harmful to the patient.
generic name
trade name
10. Ibuprofen is an example of a ____________________
name. Motrin is a _______________________
name.
prescription
medications
11. ____________________ are distributed to patients only by pharmacists according to a physician's order.
over the counter medication(OTC)
____________________ medications may be purchased directly without a prescription.
enteral medications
12. Medications that enter the body through the digestive system are ___________________________
medications. Medications that enter the body through other routes other than the digestive tract, skin, or
parenteral medications
mucous membrane routes are known as ____________________
medications.
absorption
13. ____________________________________________
is the process by which medications travel through the
body tissues until they reach the blood stream. The rate often depends on the medications route of
administration.
14. List the routes of medication in order from fastest to slowest:
sublingual(SL) rapid
a. _________________________________________
per rectum(PR) rapid
b. _________________________________________
by mouth(PO) slow
c. _________________________________________
intravenous(IV) immediate
d. _________________________________________
Inraosseous(IO) immediate
e. _________________________________________
inhalation rapid
f. _________________________________________
intranasl(IN) rapid
g. _________________________________________
intramuscular(IM) moderate
h. _________________________________________
subcutaneous(SC) slow
i. _________________________________________
transcutaneous slow
j. _________________________________________
Intraosseous
subcutaneous
15. ___________________________________injection
is into the bone, while _____________________________
is
through the skin.
subcutaneous
16. A _______________________________________
injection is given beneath the skin, between the skin and
intramuscular
muscle while an _______________________________________ injection is into the muscle.
intravenous
17. An ________________________________________
administration occurs where liquid medication is pushed
IV
route
through a specialized device called a _______________________________________________. The liquid
medication is aerosolized and is administered into the nostril.
solution
18. A ________________________________________
is a liquid mixture that has one or more substances that
suspension
CANNOT be separated. A _________________________________________ is a mixture that has fine particles
suspension
that are evenly distributed by shaking or stirring. ____________________________________
is a type of
medication that needs shaken or stirred.
metered-dose inhaler(MDI)
19. Particles or droplets that can be inhaled are administered through a ______________________________.
topical medications
20. Lotions, cream and ointments are all examples of ______________________________.
gel
21. Oral glucose is an example of a ____________________________,
a semi-liquid substance that is administered
orally.
maseous medication is a gas that is usually delivered through a nonrebreather (NRB) or nasal cannula (NC).
22. ____________________
23. List the six rights of medication administration. (REMEMBER THESE LIKE YOU DO YOUR NAME)
right patient
a. __________________________________________
right medication
b. __________________________________________
right dose
c. __________________________________________
right route
d. __________________________________________
righ time
e. __________________________________________
right documentation
f. __________________________________________
24. When administering a medication to yourself or partner, it is known as
peer-assisted
________________________________________
medication administration. While helping a patient with a
patient-assisted
medication, it is known as ___________________________________________ medication administration.
25. When the EMT gives a medication directly to a patient, it is known as
EMT administered medication
__________________________________________.
adsorption
26. _______________________________________
means to bind or stick to a surface.
activated
charcoal
27. _______________________________________ is administered to reduce the amount of medication that can be
1-2
absorbed by the body. The usual does is ________________________
g/kg up to 50g.
sorbitol(a
complex
sugar)
28. Activated charcoal is often suspended with ____________________________________ that has a laxative
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
effect.
2.20462
1 kilogram is equal to ___________________________
lbs.
altered level of conciousness
You cannot administered activated charcoal to patients who have an ________________________________
due
to the risk of aspiration. It is also not indicated for patients who have digested an
acid
alkalin
__________________________,
an _____________________________________
or a
petroleum
product
_______________________________________________.
glucose
sugar
_______________________
is used to treat low blood sugar, also known as __________________________.
aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA)
_________________________ inhibits platelet aggregation. Contraindications include
documented hypersensativity to aspirin
preexisting liver damage
____________________________, ______________________________,
asthma
bleeding disorders
__________________________________,
and __________________________________.
nitroglycerin
by tablets/spray
______________________________ is given under the tongue or _____________________________.
Its action
increase
bloof
flow
by
relieving
the
spasms
or
causing
the
arteries
to
dialate
is to _______________________________________________________________________________. Two
relaxes muscles throughout the body and
contraindications are __________________________________
often causes a mild headache and/or burning under the tongue after administration
_____________________________________________________________________________________.
epinephrine
____________________________________
has an action of increasing the heart rate and blood pressure and
several seconds
dilating the passages in the lungs. It is given for ___________________________________
via auto-injector in
the thigh.
naxalone
35. _________________________________________
reduces the effects of an opioid overdose. It can be
auto
injector
pre filled syringe
administered via an ____________________________________ or __________________________________.
oxygen
36. _____________________________________________
is the most commonly administered medication in the
prehospital setting.
Metered does inhalers
nebulizers
37. _________________________________________
and _________________________________________
are
used to administer liquid medications that have been turned into a fine mist by a flow of air or oxygen.
38. To avoid the spray of a MDI ending up on the roof of the patient's mouth, some patients use and adapter called
spcaer
a ________________________
to avoid misdirecting the spray. These are especially useful in young children.
are easier and more affective
39. Although SVN's take longer to administer than a MDI, they __________________________________and
can be
CPAP
BVM
used with _______________________________
and during __________________
ventilations.
bronchial spasms
40. MDI's relieve ___________________________________________
quickly.
medicarion
errors
41. _____________________________________ are an inappropriate use of a medication that could lead to
patient harm.
42. List the steps you should take if a medication error occurs:
rapidly provide any patient care that is required
a. _______________________________________________________
notify medical control as quickly as possible
b. _______________________________________________________
follow local protocols and document the incident
c. _______________________________________________________
talk with you partners, supervisor, or medical director
d. ______________________________________________________
polypharmacy
43. ______________________ is referring to the use of multiple medications used by one person. This is often
found in the geriatric population.