Big Bang Activity Name: Aliaa Mohamed, ID: 900211334 Name: Amina Youssef, ID: 900211498 Name: Mariam Sayed, ID: 900211473 Name: Nour Eldin Hussein, ID: 900192612 Section: 08 Date: 27-11-2021 Work collaboratively but submit individually. 1. There are multiple dots on our balloon to represent multiple groups of stars 2. The distance from point A to point F 3. The distance that changed the least is point A to point B 4. The motion of groups was similar as they were all spreading apart however, they are moving at different speeds so the distances in between them varied. 5. Expanding 6. The further the objects are from each other, the faster they move away from each other. This means that the speed of motion and distance are proportional. 7. The expansion of the universe where it first started small with everything close together, then starting to expand more and more causing greater distance between its objects. 8. Our model is similar to reality as the stars were once close and started to expand over time and get further apart due to forces of gravity. However, it is different as our model had different quantities of stars, it is a simpler version, and our expanding force was not gravity it was air. 9. Advantages, the model is pretty similar to reality as it illustrates the events that took place clearly; however, it might deliver the idea to us easily but we cannot compare a balloon to the great events that have taken place in space (big bang) therefore it might not be accurate. 10.Our model does prove the big bang theory as it illustrates the steps that caused the expansion of the universe and the change in distances that took place between the groups of stars. 11. The model could simulate the Big Crunch by letting go of the balloon therefore, all the air would escape. This shows how all the spaces shrink rapidly causing the groups/ galaxies to collapse. Balloon point Initial measurement Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 A 0mm 0 mm 0mm 0mm B 5mm 16 mm 18 mm 19 mm C 10mm 35 mm 39 mm 40 mm D 15mm 52 mm 57 mm 62 mm E 20mm 70 mm 77 mm 82 mm F 25mm 84 mm 95mm 103 mm What time did the three roommates wake up? 1. Bob, Steve, and Jack are 3 brothers who live in the same house 10 km away from AUC. They all study at AUC. They woke up at the same time, and immediately left home to go to AUC walking, each at different speed. At 11 am, their mother checked on their whereabouts: Bob was only 1 km away from AUC and his average speed was 3 km/hr., Steve was 4 km away from AUC with average speed of 2 km/hr., and Jack was 7 km away from AUC with average speed of 1 km/hr. What time did they wake up? - They woke up at 8 am. This is because if we use the equation: Speed= Distance/Time, we can calculate how much time they have been walking. Bob is only 1 km away from AUC which means he has been walking for 9 km at a speed of 3 km/hr. Therefore, time= distance (9)/speed (3) = 3 hours. For Steve, time= 6/2=3 and jack, time=3/1= 3 hours. At 11 am, we know that they have been walking at different speeds for the past 3 hours, therefore, they woke up at 8 am because 11-3=8. 2. What is the similarity between this exercise and the Big Bang narrative? - In the Big Bang, we concluded that the distance is proportional to the speed. The farther they are the faster the stars move. In this exercise, it is the same idea. Bob is the furthest away from home (9 km) and he is moving at the fastest speed (3 km/hr) while Jack is the closest to home (10-7=3 km) and is moving at a speed of 1 km/hr. This shows how the greater the distance they are from home, the faster they move. Therefore, in both the exercise and the Big Bang, the speed increases as distance increases (directly proportional) 6000 5000 Speed (km/s) 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 5 10 15 Distance (x10^20km) 20 25 Question: The Big Bang Timeline: 1. Rearrange the following events in the empty timeline shown below. 2. For at least 3 key events give the reason AND an approximate date for when they occurred. Put the rearranged event on a timeline. a. The creation of stars such as the Sun. b. The creation of earth c. The creation of the electrons d. The condensation of sub particles to make protons. e. The stars were formed. f. The heavy elements in the periodic table took place through supernova. g. The hydrogen is formed. h. Creation of space and time i. The helium is formed. The rearranged timeline is: 1. Creation of space and time 2. The condensation of sub particles to make protons. 3. The creation of the electrons 4. The hydrogen is formed 5. The helium is formed. 6. The stars were formed 7. The heavy elements in the periodic table took place through supernova 8. The creation of stars such as the Sun. 9. The creation of earth /--------------/----------------/----------------/-------------/-------------/------------/------------/------------/---a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i The three key events, dates, and reasons: Event Date 1. Creation of space and 13.8 billion years ago time 2. The heavy elements in the periodic table took place through the supernova 200-500 million years after the creation of space and time 3. The creation of earth 5.2 billion years ago Reason It was the start of the Big Bang because it was the start of time itself It is important because the supernova is the explosion that took place that led to the end result. It led to the creation of elements It was the final step which was the result of the Big Bang which led to the creation of life and mankind Question: Quantitative representation of the composition of the Universe: Google the composition of the Universe. Then plot a pie chart with it constituents The Composition of the Universe 5% 27% Dark energy Dark matter Ordinary matter 68% Composition of Ordinary matter: Element Hydrogen Helium Oxygen Carbon Iron Neon Nitrogen Silicon Magnesium Sulphur Others Combined Percentage 73 25 0.8 0.36 0.16 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.04 Composition of Ordinary Matter Hydrogen Helium Oxygen Carbon Iron Neon Nitrogen Silicon Magnesium Sulphur Others Combined Question: Matter and antimatter: 1. If energy was the source of all matter, how did this process happen? And which one came first, the electron or the proton, and why? - Protons came first from the hot, dense material left over from the big bang. Once temperatures cooled down a bit, electrons were formed. 2. If matter annihilate antimatter, and we are made of matter, how are we still existing? - There’s more matter in the universe than antimatter, so even if some matter gets annihilated by antimatter, there’s still leftover matter which created us. Question: We are all made of star dust. Do you agree with this statement? Why? - Yes, since matter can’t be created nor destroyed, we are made of the same material as stars as well as a theory that our bodies underwent many supernovas that led to our creation. Another way of looking at it is because the nebula was made of dust which under pressure turned into a disc leading to the supernova. Therefore, we are made of stardust Question: Misconceptions about the Big Bang” Common Misconceptions about the Big Bang December 29, 2011 · by kofegeek Forty-six years ago, scientists announced the discovery of definitive evidence for the expansion of the universe from a hotter, denser, primordial state. They had found the cool afterglow of the big bang: the cosmic microwave background radiation. Since this discovery, the expansion and cooling of the universe has been the unifying theme of cosmology, much as Darwinian evolution is the unifying theme of biology. And so does Darwinian, there are a lot of misconception about Big Bang theory. Foremost, when they meet the Bad science! Here is the summary of common misconception about the Big Bang taken from Scientific American. The Bold is the wrong statement and the right explanation follow it. 1. Matter and energy does not explode from one point and spread out to fill the whole universe! It was space and time. Therefore, there was no explosion in the center of the room and its density almost close same everywhere. 2. Galaxies can not far away each other at the speed greater than light because it was violating special relativity! Yes, Galaxies can far away each other at the speed greater than light. Galaxies move not because the movement inside the space but it is because the space expansion. 3. It is impossible to see galaxy that move away with the speed greater than light because light can not approach us! Yes, we can! Expansion rate can be changed. Hubble limit can grow faster an reach the photons that should not be able to reach us. 4. The red-shift is happen because of Doppler Effect; the light source move away from us because of space expansion! It was happen not only because of Doppler Effect, but mainly because space expansion extend the waves of light. 5. Because the universe ages is approximately 14 billion years old, we can only observe 14 billion light of years! We can observe approximately 46 billion light years. What we observe today has been move away with the increasing speed. 6. All celestial bodies are also expanding! NO! Inter-galactic gravitation always pull each other and against the expansion. The final balance occur in the term of cluster in which the inter-galactic distance become relatively fixed. Source: Scientific American Hint: All the answers can be obtained by reading the passage carefully. You can also refer to the reading “Misconceptions about the Big Bang” by Charles Lineweaver and Tamara Davis in your Unit 2 folder if you need to in order to answer the following short questions: 1.) The light from distant galaxies is red-shifted because the galaxies are moving away from us as space is expanding. When an object is moving away from us, the light wavelengths get longer & therefore they get shifted to the red end of the spectrum. 2.) Can the Big Bang be understood as an explosion in space? True or False because False because matter and energy do not explode from one point and spread out (the Big Bang was matter that exploded from one point and spread out). Therefore, the Big Bang cannot be understood as an explosion. 3) Due to the expansion of space, all objects (galaxies, planetary systems, star clusters, etc.) are also expanding. True or False because False, since intergalactic gravitation always pulls each other against the expansion. The celestial bodies are not expanding but the space/ distance is expanding. 4) The Big Bang model can tell us about the time before the Big Bang. True or False? Because False because the Big Bang was 14 billion years ago, therefore we can only look back to the Big Bang and not anything beforehand because nothing existed before the Big Bang. There was no light to observe to tell us the events that happened before the Big Bang.
