GPS
Surveying
NAME OF GROUP MEMBER• YUVRAJ SHARMA- PA08
• YOGESH SINGH- PA23
• ADITYA NIRMAL- PA37
• YASH SONAR- PA38
Define GPS surveying ?
•
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM IS A
TECHNIQUE BY WHICH THE
LOCATION OF ANY OBJECT ,ITS
VELOCITY ,DIRECTION AND TIME
CAN BE KNOWN PRECISELY AT ANY
TIME I.G DURING DAY OR NIGHT,
WHETHER, THE OBJECT IS ON THE
GROUNDS.
•
GPS WAS INVENTED BY UNITED
STATE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE
ITS ACTUAL NAME IS NAVSTAR
[NAVIGATION SYSTEM WITH TIME
AND RANGING] THIS SYSTEM
BECOME FULL OPERATIONAL IN
1994.
Most common GPS land survey instruments:•
•
•
•
•
•
GPS Receiver – This instrument is required to receive signals from GPS satellites in order to make
calculations. These instruments come with a variety of optional features such as multiple band
channels, built-in Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technology, and OLED displays.
GPS Rover Rods – These instruments can be used to extend the rover’s reach. They can be made
from a variety of durable materials and come in different lengths.
GPS Poles – Used to mount GPS surveying equipment, these poles are typically lightweight but
durable and come in different lengths.
GPS Bipods/Tripods – For greater stability in mounting GPS equipment, bipods and tripods come in
adjustable lengths and numerous sizes.
GPS Antennae – This piece of equipment makes it possible for GPS systems to receive signals from
satellites. Many systems come with an internal antenna, but you can purchase external antennas to
boost the signal.
Total Station – A combination of an electronic theodolite, electronic distance measuring (EDM)
device, and software running on an external computer, a total station is used to calculate the
coordinates of survey points using angles and distances. It may also incorporate GPS technology to
produce more accurate results
GPS SURVEYING INSTRUMENT:
Mapping and Surveying
BY USING GPS MAP REGRADING
MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, FOREST, TOWNS,
ROADS, ETC ARE PREPARED.
THERE MAPS ARE USEFUL FOR:
• CONSRVATION OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
• PRESERVATION OF ACRHAEOLOGICAL
TREASURES
• PESERVATION OF SCARE ANIMALS
• FOREST MONITORING
• MANAGING EFFECTS OF DAMAGE AND
DISASTER
• WEATHER FORCASTING
• GEODETIC SURVEYIN ETC
Uses of GPS application:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
LOCATION:-GPS IS USED FOR FINDING LOCATION OF ANY OBJECT LYING ON GROUND,ON
SEA SURFACE OR IN THE AIR AT ANY WETHER CONDITIONS.
NAVIGATION:-GPS HELP US TO DETERMINE EXACTLY WHERE WE ARE ,BUT SOMETIMES IT IS
MORE NECESSARY TO HOW TO GET SOMEWHERE ELSE ,GPS WAS ORIGINALLY DESIGNED TO
PROVIDE NAVIGATION INFORMATION FOR AEROPLANES AND SHIPS.
GPS TECHNOLOGY IS ALSO USEFUL FOR TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AND
BEARTHING OF SHIPS AT DOCKS.
TRACKING:-GPS TECHNOLOGY IS ALSO USEFULFOR MONITORING VEHICLES AND PERSON
TRACHING IS USEFUL IN THE FOLLOWING MATTERS.
MASS TRANSIT
SHIP TRACKING
VEHICLE TRACKING
GPS TRACKING IS WIDELY USED BY POLICE ,AMBULANCE AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS
The Pros and Cons of
GPS for Land Surveying
•
PROS:-
It offers a higher level of accuracy than
conventional surveying methods
Calculations are made very quickly and with a
high degree of accuracy
GPS technology is not bound by constraints such
as visibility between stations
Land surveyors can carry GPS components easily
for fast, accurate data collection
Some GPS systems can communicate wireless
for real-time data delivery
CONS:•
•
•
•
GPS land surveying equipment requires a
clear view of the sky to receive satellite
signal
Interference from dense foliage and other
structures can limit function and
communication
All GPS survey equipment is subject to
failure from dead batteries and system
malfunction
Special equipment may be required and
can be costly
G.P.S
Element
Three segments
Space segment
Control segment
1. Space segments
2. Control segments
3. User segments
User segment
CASE STUDY on DGPS based digital
topographic survey of Tembhapuri reservoir
Source : Research Gate
Author : Vilas Patil
K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research
Nashik, Maharashtra , India
INTRODUCTION:The existing practice of carrying out field survey by dumpy level, theodolite, total station, auto
level and generating observed database is very laborious and time-consuming. Skilled
personnel are required to set the instruments. The entire process and calculations is also a
tedious one. One of the limitation while carrying out surveys by conventional instruments is,
clear weather condition and station indivisibility with the existing practices, three dimensional
surveys, night observations with high precision is not possible
• 1.2 BASE STATION GPS SETUP:- Setup the Base station antenna on a level tripod and measure the height of antenna
above the ground. Install the charged battery into the Base and also attach external battery supply to the Base. Push
the power button on. Create the file in the control unit and start the Base receiver. The Base unit now starts logging its
position.
• 1.3 ROVER GPS SETUP:- Install the charged battery into the Rover and push the power button on. Start instillation of
Rover unit for required time. Create file and start logging points from submergence area.
• 2. OBJECTIVE:- The objective of the present study is to envisage the DGPS based survey to collect the survey data
about the natural and manmade features of the land, as well as its elevation. To digitize the contour map of the
ground and existing features on the surface of the earth or slightly above or below the earth's surface. To estimate the
present live storage capacity of reservoir. To generate a digital map.
• 3. STUDY AREA:-It is decided to estimate the present live storage capacity of earth's is located at 19o44‟ 33‟‟ North
latitude and 75o11‟ 29‟‟ East longitude impound to Nagzari river near Tembhapuri village of Aurangabad Taluka in
Aurangabad District, Maharashtra. Total catchment area of the reservoir is 42.22 sq.km. The designed gross storage
capacity of the reservoir at FRL 495.00 m is 21.31 Mm3and live storage capacity between FRL & MDDL is 18.476 Mm3.
The MDDL of the reservoir is 489.40 m. The designed dead storage capacity is 2.834Mm3. The reservoir was first
impounded in the year 2004.The location map of Tembhapuri Reservoir.
• METHODOLOGY : Differential GPS (DGPS) is a set of two GPS receivers which are operated sub sequentially. One set is stationed as a base
and other roving around, for measurement of latitude, longitude, height of a point as a rover. The stationary receiver i.e. base is the key as it
receives all the satellite measurement and combines into a stable local reference. The base receiver measures the timing error and then
provide the correct information to the rover receiver. In this way all errors can be eliminated from the system. The idea is to put the base
receiver on to a point that has been very accurately surveyed. This base receiver receives the same GPS signals as the rover receiver but
instead of working like a normal GPS receiver it operates the equations back wards. In DGPS the base station is fixed and the rover is
moving for collecting field data without any restriction. Then the post processing is done to determine the precise location of rover. With
this technique a centimeter of accuracy is possible
•
4 EVALUATION OF SILT DEPOSITS On the basis of survey, topographic map(scale 1:8500)is prepared for half-meter interval as shown in
fig.5 The area inscribed in each contour was measured. Computation of reservoir capacity at different elevations has been carried out using
Prismoid formula.
•
V = H/3*{A1 + A2 + SQRT (A1 * A2)}.
•
Where, V = Reservoir capacity between two successive elevations h1 and h2.
•
H = Elevation difference (h2 – h1).
•
A1 and A2 are areas of reservoir water spread at elevation h1 and h2.
•
Comparison of capacity with the original survey data is given in table
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS FOR CASE STUDY:•
•
•
•
1. With the present study topography survey for 42.22 sq. km and submersible area survey for
662.1Ha could be easily managed in 5 days.
2. From the above study, we can conclude that DGPS based Digital surveying technique can
be used as an effective tool for accurate mapping of topographical features/data. Accuracy
obtained in mapping and calculation of various parameters like Water Spread Area, volume
of submergence is far more better than conventional method of survey. It does not only
reduces the man power but it also saves the considerable time when compare to traditional
method of survey.
3. The entire process of mapping and generation of required statistical data are in digital
environment and maintenance as well retrieval of data is very convenient.
4. With the help of DGPs survey, we can take well informed decisions in short time as well as
we can deliver final output to the client in digital environment
LIMITATIONS:
•
GPS CAN PROVIDE WORLDWIDE, THREE-DIMENSIONAL POSITION, 24 HOUR A
DAY, IN ANY TYPE OF WEATHER
•
BUT THERE MUST BE RELATIVELY CLEAR “LINE OF SIGHT” BETWEEN THE GPS
ANTENNA AND FOUR OR MORE SATELITES
•
HENCE IT BECOMES TOO DIFFICULT TO ENSURE RELIABLE POSITIONING THESE
DIFFICULTIES ARE PARTICULARLY PREVALENT IN URBAN AREAS
•
THE GPS SIGNAL MAY BOUNCE OFF NEARBY OBJECT CAUSING ANOTHER
PROBLEM CALLED MULTI INTERFERENCE
CONCLUSION FOR PROJECT:
• GPS, SURVEY IS A SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM BASED
METHOD,THUS CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE POSITION AND
AREA OF AN OBJECT ON EARTH.
• ITS APPLICATION FIELD IS VAST AND NEW APPLICATION WILL
CONTINUE TO BE CREATED AS THE TECHNOLOGY EVOLVES.
• GPS CAN ALSO INTERFACED WITH OTHER SIMILAR PROJECT
SUCH EU’S GALLIEO TO ACCOUNT FOR UNPREDICTABLE
APPLICATIONS
• THUS,THE GPS CONSTELLATION,LIKE MANMADE STAR IN THE
SKY, CAN BE USED FOR GUIDING AND NAVIGATION OR
MEASURING AREA .
References
• Take off pros
• Research Gate
• Jurovich Surveying
• E-education
THANK-YOU