Global Warming 1. Discussion questions: • What is global warming? Temperatures rise • What is happening in the world? Fires, floods, animals are dying • How is the climate changing? • What do you know about the latest news concerning global warming? 2. Reading comprehension. Global Warming Global warming refers to the increase of the earth's average temperature due to increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is the biggest contributor to greenhouse gas. Scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels like oil and coal causes greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide to escape into the air and act like a warm blanket over the earth. One way to reduce greenhouse gases is to reduce deforestation, the cutting down of trees. Trees soak up carbon dioxide from the air, so having lots of trees around is good for the atmosphere. There are already some changes happening because of global warming. Sea level is rising and some animals are moving to new homes because their natural habitat is disappearing. If the warming gets worse, as scientists expect, there may be some kinds of plants and animals that become extinct. There may be more storms, floods and fires. Due to melting ice caps, sea levels may rise so much that people have to move away from the coasts. Some areas may become too dry for farming. All humans contribute to global warming by burning fossil fuels when they drive a car, fly in an airplane, heat or cool their houses and cut down trees to clear land. The best way to help slow down global warming is to put less carbon into the air by using less fossil fuel - something that is easy to say, but hard to do! 1. Why would animals become extinct because of global warming? 2. What's the best way to slow down global warming? 3. Burning which of these fuels puts carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? 4. What is global warming? 5. Which of these is the biggest part of greenhouse gas? 6. Why would sea levels rise because of global warming? 7. Trees give off carbon dioxide. 8. What is deforestation? 9. Trees soak up carbon dioxide. True/False/Not given. 3. Grammar: Gerund / Infinitive We use gerunds (verb + ing): After certain verbs - I enjoy singing After prepositions - I drank a cup of coffee before leaving As the subject or object of a sentence - Swimming is good exercise We use 'to' + infinitive: After certain verbs - We decided to leave After many adjectives - It's difficult to get up early Verbs +gerund Verbs + infinitive Like Want. I like eating chocolate. I want to have my own chocolate factory. Enjoy Try. I enjoy jumping. I will try to jump to the moon. Hate Decide. I hate being late. So, I decided to leave home early. Avoid Forget Discuss Pretend Mind Hope Finish Learn Go on Need Deny Plan Stop Promise Spend (time) Remember Love Offer Practice Start Suggest Would like I want to be a teacher / I want being a teacher? I like to play football / I like playing football? I enjoy to sleep / I enjoy sleeping? I am trying to do my homework / I am trying doing my homework? Exercises: a) Complete the exercise with gerund or infinitive. 1. We decided _to buy________ (buy) a new car. 2. They've got some work _to do_______ (do). 3. Peter gave up _smoking_________(smoke) . 4. He'd like ___________ (fly) an aeroplane. 5. I enjoy _________ (write) picture postcards. 6. Do you know what ___________--(do) if there's a fire in the shop? 7. Avoid ________ (make) silly mistakes. 8. My parents wanted me _________ (be) home at 11 o'clock. 9. I dream about___________ (build) a big house. 10. I'm hoping __________ (see) Lisa. 11. The man asked me how _________ (get) to the airport. 12. I look forward to _______ (see) you at the weekend. 13. Are you thinking of __________ (visit) London? 14. We decided __________- (run) through the forest. b) Complete the sentences below by using the ‘-ing’ gerund form of the verbs in the box (Gerund as a subject). Sleep/ eat/ cook/ read/ find/ sing/ smoke/ talk/ cycle/ learn/ fly/ drink / drive/ shop/ swim/ watch 1. ________________ lots of vegetables are important for good health. 2. ________________ a parking space is difficult in the mornings. 3. ________________ to work is a great way to get some exercise. 4. ________________ books and magazines can help you to learn English. 5. ________________ is fun. I love making dinner for my friend. 6. ________________ is a great way to get fit, but I’m afraid of the water! 7. ________________ is an activity that all animals do. However, did you know that cats sleep for two-thirds of their lives? 8. ________________ cigarettes is very bad for your health. 9. ________________ TV is bad for my eyes. That’s what my mother says. 10. ________________ about other people and cultures is fascinating. 11. ________________ is my sister’s favorite hobby. She has a great voice. 12. ________________ and ________________ is a serious crime. 13. ________________ is boring! I hate shopping malls! 14. ________________ is not allowed during the exam. 15. ________________ makes me nervous. I prefer traveling by train. 1. Speaking activity. Look at the picture. Discuss with the class about human activities that can help the world. Causes (Human activity) Consequences Solutions Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) Overpopulation Deforestation Air pollution Changes in ecosystems Extinction of species Heat waves Droughts ice melting Floods Sustainable development Environmentally-friendly laws Alternative energies Reducing greenhouse emissions Saving energy recycling Home assignment: I a) Gerund or Infinitive. 1) I don't fancy _____________(go) out tonight. 2) She avoided _____________(tell) him about her plans. 3) I would like _____________(come) to the party with you. 4) He enjoys _____________(have) a bath in the evening. 5) She kept _____________(talk) during the film. 6) I am learning _____________(speak) English. 7) Do you mind _____________(give) me a hand? 8) She helped me _____________(carry) my suitcases. 9) I've finished _____________ (cook) - come and eat! 10) He decided _____________(study) biology. 11) I dislike _____________ (wait). 12) He asked _____________(come) with us. 13) I promise _____________(help) you tomorrow. 14) We discussed _____________(go) to the cinema, but in the end we stayed at home. 15) She agreed _____________(bring) the pudding to the dinner. 16) I don't recommend _____________(take) the bus - it takes forever! 17) We hope _____________(visit) Amsterdam next month. 18) She suggested _____________(go) to the museum. 19) They plan _____________(start) college in the autumn. 20) I don't want _____________ (leave) yet. II b) Choose the correct answer. 1. My family and I really enjoy ... to the park on weekends. a) to go b) going c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 2. (A) Let’s watch that new movie. (B) No, I hate ... horror movies. a) to watch b) watching c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 3. My friend doesn’t want ... out today because he’s sick. a) to go b) going c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 4. I love ... in my free time. I often go to a shopping mall with my friends. .... a) to window shop b) window shopping c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 5. We agreed ... our car for a cheaper price. a) to sell b) selling c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 6. (A) Did you remember ... the e-mail? (B) Oh, no! I forgot! a) to send b) sending c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 7. Thomas wants ... at that restaurant because he likes Italian food. a) to eat b) eating c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 8. She started ... very quickly to her classroom. a) to walk b) walking c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 9. We decided ... to France and Germany on our summer holiday. a) to travel b) traveling c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 10. I miss ... long walks along the beach. a) to take b) taking c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 11. My mother asked me ... her clean the house. a) to help b) helping c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 12. After a few more hours, it continued a) to rain b) raining c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 13. Do you feel like ... to eat at a restaurant? a) to go out b) going out c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 14. I enjoy ... some free time to read books or magazines. a) to have b) having c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 15. I really don’t like ... because it feels like my nose will fall off! a) to sneeze b) sneezing c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct 16. I invited my friends ... to my birthday party next week. a) to come b) coming c) both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct III b) Complete the sentences below by using the ‘-ing’ gerund form of the verbs on the right (Gerund as an object). Skate/ swim/ hunt/ drive/ wash/ dance/ cook/ surf/ watch/ read/ ski/ paint/ cycle/ fish/ run 1. I often go to the beach on weekends. I like ____________________. 2. Robert has a red sports car. He enjoys ____________________. 3. My friends hate ____________________. They always eat at restaurants. 4. Mary likes ____________________ TV, but she doesn’t have a television. 5. I bought a new bicycle last week. I love ____________________. 6. If you like ____________________, there’s a great book store nearby. 7. Thomas enjoys ____________________ with lots of different colors. 8. Richard lives near a mountain, so he often goes ____________________ in the winter. 9. I dislike ____________________ because I always fall down on the ice. 10. Last summer, Jenny tried ____________________ with her new surfboard. 11. My brother likes seafood, so he likes ____________________. 12. I really hate ____________________ dirty dishes! 13. Sam doesn’t like to kill animals, so he never goes ____________________. 14. I don’t like ____________________ because I’m not a good dancer. 15. I’m sorry, but I can’t go ____________________ with you. I hurt my foot.
