
‫א‬
‫א‬
٢٠٦
 ٢٠٦
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
?‫א‬?? ‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬

 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬EF‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،UPS
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٩W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K١ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
Semiconductors Used in Power Electronic Circuits
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٤٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬١٩٥٨‫א‬‫א‬K١٩٥٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Power Electronic Circuits ‫א‬‫א‬١ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،١ J١،?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬E‫א‬
•
Diode rectifiers (uncontrolled rectifiers)
•
ac-dc converters (controlled rectifiers)
•
ac-ac converters (ac voltage controllers)
•
dc-dc converters (dc choppers)
•
dc-ac converters (inverters)
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
•
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
•
 ‫א‬‫א‬
•
 ‫א‬‫א‬
•
 ‫א‬‫א‬
•
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬١ J١
 
 (uncontrolled rectifier)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬١ J١ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٢ J١‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
Fixed ac voltage
‫א‬
Uncontrolled rectifier

Fixed dc voltage
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١
(Controlled rectifier)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬٢ J١ J١
‫א‬‫א‬ ،٣ J١
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Fixed ac voltage
‫א‬
Controlled rectifier

Variable dc voltage
‫א‬
 ٣ J١
 
-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
(ac voltage controller)‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J١
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،٤ J١‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Fixed ac voltage
Variable ac voltage
AC
Ac voltage controller
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١
 
(dc chopper)‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٥ J١،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
Fixed dc voltage
‫א‬
DC Dc chopper
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٥ J١
-٤-
Variable dc voltage
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
(Inverter)‫א‬٥
J ١ J ١
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K٦ J١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KUPS
 
Fixed dc voltage
‫א‬
Inverter
‫א‬
Variable ac voltage
‫א‬
 ‫א‬٦ J١
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
Power Electronic Elements ‫א‬٢ J١

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
٥ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤٠٠٠‫א‬
 
 Power diode ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K(Freewheeling)‫א‬
PN
‫א‬(Anode)‫א‬،٧ J١‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 (A)‫א‬،٧ J١‫א‬،(Cathode)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٧ J١F(K)‫א‬EF
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Forward bias)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(K) ‫א‬EF (A)‫א‬‫א‬K١{٢‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K(Reverse bias)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(leakage current)‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVBRF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J١
-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
EF
EF
EF
 EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬٧ J١
،‫א‬(pracical)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J١
‫א‬‫א‬–(Ideal) hW
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٨ J١‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(VAK)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(IA)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 General purpose diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 Fast recovery diode ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
Schottky diode ‫א‬ J٣
-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J١
 
 General purpose diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J١
١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،٢٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
  ‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J١K٣٠٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EPowerexF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J١
 
 Fast recovery diode ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J١
،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(hole) EF‫א‬‫א‬–(recombination)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 KPN  ‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬PN‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J١
 
 
 
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EPowerexF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J١
 
Schottky diode ‫א‬٣ J٣ J١
P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،P-N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ P-N‫א‬
(voltage blocking)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،٣٠٠
 ،٢٠٠ 
‫א‬١١ J١K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٣٠
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF٣٠‫א‬١١ J١
Thyristor 
‫א‬٤ J١
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
Silicon ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(SCR)Controlled Rectifier
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Thyristor construction and operation
‫א‬١ J٤ J١
pnpn‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ K١٢ J١،J1,J2, J3(Junctions) 
 ‫א‬‫א‬(p)‫א‬‫א‬K(G)‫א‬‫א‬(K)‫א‬(A)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J١
 
 
- ١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
 EF
 
 
EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J١
 
‫א‬J1,J3‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
(Reverse bias) ‫א‬J2‫א‬،(Forward bias)
‫א‬K(Leakage current)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K١٣ J١،(Forward blocking)‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬
‫א‬J2‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
  ‫א‬J1,J3‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Reverse blocking)
 K‫א‬١٣ J١
‫א‬VAK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
(Forward ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K١٣ J١Kconducting)
- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 EF
 ‫א‬
 
 EF
 ‫א‬١٣ J١
 
Thyristor characteristics ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤ J١
 (IA) ‫א‬‫א‬(VAK) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬١٤ J١K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KIBo‫א‬
 VBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،pnpn
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K١‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EVBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KIg‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KIH (holding current)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬VBR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٤ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٤ J١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬VBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،E ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
- ١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K(Latching current) IL  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KIH‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Thyristor firing ‫א‬٣ J٤ J١
‫א‬IL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Heat sink‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٥ J١
 Heat sinks‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J١
 
- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬J2‫א‬W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J2‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Light activated silicon controlled rectifier LASCR)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬VBo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Leakage current)
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W(dv/dt)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٠٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(dv/dt)‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬P2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬J2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
    ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 Methods of thyristor turn-off E‫א‬F‫א‬٤ J٤ J١
‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬IH‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EF
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٦ J١F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬dv/dt‫א‬
 ‫א‬١٦ J١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
S‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦ J١‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(Line commutated)‫א‬
 
Thyristor protection‫א‬٥ J٤ J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEKKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،dv/dt‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬K  
RC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧ J١K‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R1‫א‬
dv/dt ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬R2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬dv/dt‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K١٧ J١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬dv/dt‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧ J١
- ١٨ -
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
EFdi/dt‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K١٨ J١،‫א‬‫א‬
 di/dt‫א‬١٨ J١
 
Thyristor types ‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤ J١
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ TRIAC‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
1. Phase controlled thyristor(SCR)
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
2. Fast switching thyristor (SCR)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
3. Gate-turn-off thyristor (GTO)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
4. Bidirectional triode thyristor (TRIAC)
5. Light activated silicon-controlled rectifier
(LASCR)
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(SCR)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠ J١K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩ J١،
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٩ J١
 
 
 
- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EPowerexF٢٠ J١
 
‫א‬(Data sheet)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 Power Transistor‫א‬‫א‬
٥ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 (Bipolar Junction Transistor) BJT ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
(Metal–oxide-semiconductor filed effect transistor) MOSFET
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
(Insulated Gate Bipolar Junction Transistor) IGBT
 BJT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬N‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P
‫א‬‫א‬(emitter) ‫א‬(collector)‫א‬ (base)‫א‬ J‫א‬
،E٢١ J١ F(PNP)  ‫א‬(NPN) ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬،(saturation)
‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BJT‫א‬‫א‬
،IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ١٠‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١ J١K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١ J١
- ٢٣ -
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 MOSFETEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(gate)  ‫א‬(D)(drain)(S)(source)،‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(G)
‫א‬N-channel‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬KP-channel‫א‬
،‫א‬(majority carrier)‫א‬(Transconductance)
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E
  ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٢ J١KE١٠٠١F‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٠
 KN-channel‫א‬KMOSFET‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ‬
- ٢٤ -
‫اﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
N-channelMOSFET‫א‬‫א‬٢٢ J١
 IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥ J١
‫א‬BJT‫א‬ ‫א‬IGBT‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KMOSFET
‫א‬BJTE‫א‬‫א‬FKBJT
١٠٠٠ ١٦٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤٠MOSFET
 J١K(gate)  ‫א‬(emitter)(collector)،‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KIGBT‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 IGBT‫א‬‫א‬٢٣ J١
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
‫א؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٩
‫؟‬  J١٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٣
K‫א‬،IGBT
 IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٤
 
- ٢٦ -
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 
 K٦W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬،E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬  J١
 K،W‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١
Single-phase rectifier circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢
،‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬
‫א‬K(Bridge rectifier)‫א‬(Centre-tap rectifier)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
The single-phase half-wave rectifier
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(dc component)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬
  
 KEF
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢
- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
vs = Vm sin ωt
2-1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3π2π،π0‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
v
V sin ωt
i = s = m
L R
R
2-2
‫א‬‫א‬vs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١ J٢ (V L)
‫א‬‫א‬E4π3π،2ππ‫א‬F vs ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬١ J٢KE١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(VAK)‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
v
AK
=v −v
s
L
2-3
‫א‬‫א‬،vAK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Peak Inverse Voltage)PIV
‫א‬Kacdc‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬EVo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Fdc
 
2-4
Vo =
= 0.318 Vm
2-5
- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬Io ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-6
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Pdc) ‫א‬‫א‬
= Io2 R =
2-7
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
= 0.5Vm
2-8
W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-9
(Pac)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
=
2-10
R=
Vdc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(ripple)Vac
W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
=0.386 Vm
=
2-11
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ (η)‫א‬‫א‬
=
= 0.405 = 40.5%
2-12
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،FF‫א‬
W‫א‬
=
= = 1.57% = 157%
2-13
‫א‬‫א‬(Ripple factor (RF))‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬
= 1.21 =121%
2-14
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Transformer utilization factor)‫א‬‫א‬
 
TUF‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
=
= 0.286 =28.6%
2-15
 W
Vs =
Is= Irms =
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Is،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vs
- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
١ J٢
٢٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١ J٢‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬١٠‫א‬٥(N1/N2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K١
K٢
K٣
K٤
 ‫א‬
VP=220
N1/N2=5
R=10Ω
V
p Vs
=
N
N
1
2
V N
p 2 220 *1
Vs =
=
= 44 V
N
5
1
Vm = 2Vs = 2 * 44 = 62.23 V
V
62.23
Vrms = m =
= 31.12 V
2
2
V
31.12
I rms = rms =
= 3.112 A
10
R
PIV= Vm=62.23 V
- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1/TUF=1/0.286=3.496 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٤٩٦

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٢
Single-phase full-wave center-tap rectifier
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،Vs‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬D2
D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،2Vs‫א‬‫א‬D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬D1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D2‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬٢ J٢
- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬Vdc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-16
= 0.6366 Vm
2-17
W‫א‬‫א‬Io ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-18
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
0.707 Vm
2-19
W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-20
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧ J٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬PIV‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬٢٠ J٢١٦ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٢
Single-phase full-wave bridge rectifier
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
0‫א‬F Vs‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D1‫א‬‫א‬Eπ
KVsD3,D4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
D3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D3‫א‬‫א‬E2ππ‫א‬F Vs‫א‬
K‫א‬D4‫א‬‫א‬π٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬iL‫א‬KVsD1,D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٣ J٢
- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
٢ J٢

 ‫א‬١٠‫א‬٤٤‫א‬‫א‬،٣ J٢‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬
Vs=44 V
=
I rms =
R=10Ω
Vm = 2Vs = 2 * 44 = 62.23 V
‫א‬
= 44 V
=
=
= 4.4 A
Pac = Vrms I rms = 44 * 4.4 = 193.6 W
RF = FF 2 − 1 = 1.112 − 1 = 0.48 or 48%
PIV= Vm=62.23 V
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
- ٣٩ -
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(ripple)

 ‫א‬(filters)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K(dc filter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K٤ J٢LC CL ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬(ac filter)
 KLC٥ J٢K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  dc filters ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢
 
ac filters ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eb٤ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٢K
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
Cf2 > Cf1‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KVdc
 
  ‫א‬٦ J٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-21
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬f
 K‫א‬‫א‬
KCf‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-22
- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٧ J٢‫א‬F0.6366Vm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬١٥
‫א‬W J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٢
- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
a‫א‬ 5π/6π/6 ‫א‬‫א‬Da‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬b‫א‬Db‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬c‫א‬Dc‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(2π/3)١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
2-23
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-24
‫א‬‫א‬،Po = Vo Io‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
= 0.8412 Vm
2-25
 
2-26
Pac = Vrms Irms‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vac =
η=
FF =
= 96.8 %
=1.017
RF =
=18.5%
TUF = 0.6643 = 66.43%
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٨ J٢K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،D1D2, D2D3, D3D4, D4D5, D5D6 and D6D1 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-27
= 1.654 Vm
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-28
‫א‬‫א‬،Po = Vo Io‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
= 1.655 Vm
2-29
 
2-30
Pac = Vrms Irms‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vac =
η=
FF =
RF =
= 99.83 %
=1.0008 = 100.08%
=4%
TUF = 0.9542 = 66.43%
- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٢
 
 ٤ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬FUPS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٢
Vs‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬ .β‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬
Wβ
‫א‬٩ J٢
- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
2-31
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-32
‫א‬β‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬Vs‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
2-33
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2-34
 
‫א‬‫א‬٣٤ J٢‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬iL‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 
2-35
 ٣ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬١٠٠١٢‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٢
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JW
 ‫א‬‫א‬،١W٢‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬٥
–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫–א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E=12 V
Vp=120 V
Io=5 A
N1:N2=2:1
Vs=Vp/2=120/2=60V
Vm=
Vs=
- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E
12
= sin − 1
= 0.1419 rad or 8.13o
V
84.85
m
β = π − α = 180 − 8.13 = 171 .87 o
 W‫א‬‫א‬δ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
δ=β-α=171.87o-8.13o=163.74o
W‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥ J٢F‫א‬Io‫א‬
α = sin − 1
W٥‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2
1 β ⎛⎜ Vm sin ωt − E ⎞⎟
=
I
d (ωt )
∫
rms
⎟
2π α ⎜
R
⎝
⎠
⎡⎛ V 2
⎤
⎞
V2
⎟
⎜
⎢ m
⎥
=
+ E 2 ⎟(π − 2α ) + m sin 2α − 4V E cosα ⎥
⎜
⎢
m
2
2πR 2 ⎢⎜ 2
⎟
⎥⎦
⎠
⎣⎝
= 8.2 A
1
I
rms
 W‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PR=Irms2R=8.22 4.26=286.4 W
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Po=EIo=12 5= 60W
hPo=100
W‫א‬
or h=100/Po=100/60= 1.667h
W‫א‬‫א‬η‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PIV=Vm+E = 84.85+12=96.85 V
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪١٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
–‫א‬ J‫א‬–‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١١
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،Vo, iL, Vs, VAK
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٥٠ -
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬،٢ J٢‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،١٢‫א‬١W٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٣٨٠‫א‬‫א‬،٧ J٢‫א‬‫א‬  J١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،١٠‫א‬١W١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
- ٥١ -
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
 
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٩W‫א‬‫א‬
 
KEFW‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
Controlled Rectifiers ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
W‫א‬
”Half Wave Converter“ 
”Semi-converter“
”Full Wave Converter“ 
”Dual Converter“‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ١-٣
Single Phase Half Wave Converter (controlled rectifier)
‫ﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻪ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻤﻭﺠﺔ ﻤﺤﻜﻭﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺤﻤل ﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬
١-١-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K١ J٣‫א‬EF
”A“ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬”K“ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”α“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫” ﻓﺈن א‬ωt=π“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬”K“‫א‬”A“‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
٢ J٣
‫א‬١ J٣
VQ1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣
- ٥٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬”Vo“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:‫” آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬0-2π“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
π
Vm
1
(1 + cos α )
sin(
ω
)
(
ω
)
=
Vo =
V
t
d
t
m
2π α∫
2π
3-1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(3-1)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬K”α“‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Io =
Vo
V
= m (1 + cos α )
3-2
R 2πR
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
π
Vrms
 
Vrms =
Vm
α sin(2α )
1− +
2
π
2π
1
=
(Vm sin ωt ) 2 dωt
∫
2π α
 
3-3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I rms =
Vrms Vm
α sin(2α )
=
1− +
R
2R
π
2π
3-4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
١-٣ 
١٠‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
KPIV‫א‬ J
‫א‬
٢ J٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156
V
Vo = m (1 + cosα ) = 46.816(1 + cos 45) = 79.92
2π
V
I o = o = 7.992
R
V
A
6A‫א‬‫א‬ J
V o = I o R = 6 × 10 = 60
α= 73.64o
V
V
 α‫א‬‫א‬Vo(3-1) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K
Vm
(1 + cosα ) = 46.816(1 + cos 0) = 93.63
2π
V
= o max = 9.36
R
Vo max =
V
I o max
A.
PIV = Vm = 294.156
V
- ٥٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ٢ J١ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣ J٣K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬"β" ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬"D" ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
βπ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٣ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬”Vo“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:‫آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬”0-2π“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
V
1 β
Vo =
Vm sin(ωt )d (ωt ) = m (cosα − cos β )
∫
2π α
2π
3-5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬“β”
K(3-1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Io =
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vo
R
3-6
VQ1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣
 
 
- ٥٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
iQ1
iD
Vo
VQ1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
- ٥٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬٢ J٣
Single-Phase Semi-Converter (Single –Phase Full wave Semi-Controlled Rectifier)
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(D1, D2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Q1,Q2)‫א‬،٥ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”D“‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ”α“‫א‬ ”Q1“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬”D1“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
”D“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬”π+α>ωt>π“‫א‬K”ωt=π“
‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ”Q1“‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ”π+α“‫א‬”Q2“‫א‬”2π>ωt>π+α“‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬”D2“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ”Q2“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬”ωt=2π“
”Q1“‫א‬‫א‬”2π+α>ωt>2π“‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
K٦ J٣
 
‫א‬٥ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬”Vo“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W”0-π“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٠ -
Vo =
1
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
π
V
π α∫
m
sin(ωt )d (ωt ) =
Vm
π
(1 + cos α )
3-7
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٣F
Io =
Vo Vm
(1 + cos α )
=
R πR
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3-8
- ٦١ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،”α“‫א‬‫א‬
One “‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K”quadrant
٢ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ١٥‫א‬
W‫א‬٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156
Vo =
Io =
Vm
π
V
(1 + cosα ) = 93 ⋅ 633(1 + cos 60) = 140.4495
Vo
= 9.3633
R
V
A
Va=K150 V‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
α= 52.987o
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vo max =
Vm
π
(1 + cosα ) = 93.633(1 + cos 0) = 187.266
V
 
 
 
 
- ٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ٣ J٣
Single- Phase Full -Wave Converter (Single-Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifier)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٣K(Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4)
،‫א‬”Q2“،”Q1“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬ J‫א‬ J”α“‫א‬
”Q1, Q2“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ”Q1, Q2“‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬πωt
”π+α“‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J “Q4” ‫א‬ “Q3” ‫א‬
‫א‬”Q1“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K”2π+α“‫א‬ ”Q2“
K٨ J٣‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٧ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬”Vo“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٩ J٣F،”α-(π+α)“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،E١٠ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،”α“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩٠‫א‬
- ٦٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K”Two quadrant“‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٣
2V
1 π +α
Vo = ∫ Vm sin(ωt )d (ωt ) = m cosα
π
α
3-9
π
- ٦٤ -
Io =
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
Vo Vm
(1 + cos α )
=
R πR
3-10
W٣ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬١٢
W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KPs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬ J
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156
Vo =
2Vm
π
V
(cosα ) = 187.266(cos 60) = 93.633
V
Vo
= 7.8
A.
R
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Io =
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬
Ps= PL =VoIo=730.594
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
watt
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬120o‫א‬‫א‬Vo =
2Vm
π
 K(3-9) ‫א‬
(cosα ) = 187.266(cos120) = −93.633
V
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
Ps= VoIo= -730.594
watt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤ J٣
،٩ J٣‫א‬‫א‬
Single -Phase Dual Converter
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2V
Va1 = m (cosα a 1 )
3-11
π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
Va 2 =
2Vm
π
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Q1’, Q2’, Q3’, Q4’” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(cosα )
3-12
a2
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Three- Phase Half- Wave Converter
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
- ٦٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬”Q1,Q2,Q3“‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K١٠ J٣‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Q1‫א‬١١ J٣‫א‬
Q2‫א‬،‫א‬،(
Q3
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،(
K‫א‬،(

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬Van‫א‬(ωt=π/6 + α)‫א‬
Q1(ωt=5π/6 + α)Q2‫א‬
Q3‫א‬‫א‬Vbn‫א‬
‫א‬Vcn‫א‬Q2(ωt=3π/2 + α)
K١١ J٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J٣
 W‫א‬
Van = Vm sin(ωt)
Vbn = Vm sin(ωt-2π/3)
Vcn = Vm sin(ωt+2π/3)
 
 
 
- ٦٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
/6
2
3 /2 +
3 /2
5 /6 +
5 /6
/6 +
/6
 
‫א‬‫אא‬‫א‬١١ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(π/6 + α)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vo =
3
2π
α+
KE١٣ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(5π/6 + α)
5π
6
∫πV
α+
m
sin(ωt ) d (ωt ) =
3 3Vm
cosα
2π
3-13
6
 
- ٦٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
W٤ J٣
١٠‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
،٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬
K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬
K٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
Vm =
208 2
= 169.83
3
V
Vo =
3 3Vm
(cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos 30) = 121.633
2π
V
Io =
Vo
= 12.166
R
A.
K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
Vo =
3 3Vm
(cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos 60) = 70.2245
2π
V
K١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vo =
3 3Vm
(cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos120) = −70.2245
2π
V
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vo =
3 3Vm
(cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(cos 0) = 140.449
2π
- ٦٩ -
V
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Three- Phase Semi-converter
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،”One quadrant“ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٤ J٣F J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬
Vo =
3 3Vm
(1 + cosα )
2π
3-14
 
‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J٣
W ٥ J٣
١٠‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬،٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K١٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ٧٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
K٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
Vm =
208 2
= 169.83
3
V
Vo =
3 3Vm
(1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos 45) = 239.76
2π
V
Io =
Vo
= 23.976
R
A
K٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
Vo =
3 3Vm
(1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos 75) = 176.8
2π
V
K135‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vo =
3 3Vm
(1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos135) = 41.136
2π
V
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vo =
3 3Vm
(1 + cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + cos 0) = 280.898
2π
V
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦-
Vo = I o R = 6(10) = 60
V
Va=K60 V‫א‬
‫א‬
α= 125o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٧ J٣
E١٣ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Three- Phase Full- Converter
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٩ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،”Two quadrant“
Vo =
3 3Vm
π
cosα
3-15
- ٧١ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٣F
:٦ J٣ 
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬١٠
W‫א‬K٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
K٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KPs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬135‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬
Vm =
Vo =
Io =
208 2
= 169.83
3
3 3Vm
π
K٤٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
V
(cos α ) = 280.898(cos 40) = 198.625
Vo
= 19.86
R
Ps= PL =VoIo= 3945.19
K‫א‬
V
A
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
watt
- ٧٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬135o‫א‬‫א‬ J
K(3-15)‫א‬
Vo =
3 3Vm
π
(cosα ) = 280.898(cos135) = −198.625
V
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= VoIo= -3945.19
watt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬
Three- Phase Dual -Converter
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٤ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤ J٣
  ٩ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٣FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
- ٧٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮم‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J٣ 
 W٧ J٣
‫א‬،٢,٥‫א‬
‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬K٦٠٢٢٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬KL١٥٠٠‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬KL٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K,٢
- ٧٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٤٢‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Va = Ea + I a Ra
Ea = K ω
T = K Ia
P
T=
ω
Va =
2Vm
π
2πn
60
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ω=
cosα
Vm = 220 2 = 311.13 volt
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
ω=
T=
2πn 2π × 1500
=
= 157.1 rad / sec
60
60
P
ω
K =
=
2.5 × 746
= 11.87
157.1
N .m
T 11.87
=
= 1.187
10
Ia
E a = K ω = 1.187 × 157.1 = 186.6 volt
Va = Ea + I a Ra = 186.6 + 10 × 0.2 = 188.6 volt
cos α =
Va π 188.6 × π
=
= 0.9522
2Vm 2 × 311.13
α = 17.8 o
 WL٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
E a1 = K ω1 = 1.187 ×
2π × 500
= 62.15 volt
60
Va1 = E a1 + I a Ra = 62.15 + 10 × 0.2 = 64.15 volt
V π
64.15 × π
cos α 1 = a1 =
= 0.3238
2Vm
2 × 311.13
α 1 = 71.1o
- ٧٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫؟‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
K‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
K‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩
٢٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K١٠
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
- ٧٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬K١١
‫א‬‫א‬١٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٨‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣٠
‫א‬،٣‫א‬K١٢
‫א‬١٢‫א‬‫א‬K ٦٠ ٢٢٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬KL١٥٠٠‫א‬
 KL٨٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
K,٢‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٧ -
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٥W‫א‬‫א‬
 
KEFW‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ١ J‫א‬‫א‬ J١W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
- ٧٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬
،KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٤
‫א‬١ J٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Theory of Operation
Ton‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬()
‫א‬Toff ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،٢ J٤‫א‬‫א‬،
W‫א‬‫א‬
Vo =
T
1T
Vs dt = on Vs = kVs
∫
T
T 0
on
4-1
W
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
s
on
off
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
- ٧٩ -
o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Io =
Vo
V
=k s
R
R
4-2
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
2
T
⎡1
⎤
2
Vrms = ⎢ ∫ Vs dt ⎥ = on Vs = kVs
T
⎣T 0
⎦
Ton
4-3
“Ps”‫א‬‫א‬ “Po” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(on)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
1
Ps = Po =
T
Ton
1
∫0 vsio dt = T
Ton
2
2
2
Vs
Ton Vs
vs
∫0 R dt = T R = k R
4-4
K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
S
Vs
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٤
 
Io
Vo R
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬
2500 500 Hz‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EHz
- ٨٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
MOSFETIGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،KKKKKKGTO
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٤FE١ J٤F
:‫א‬‫א‬
T
1T
1T
Vo = ∫ vo dt = ∫ (Vs − Vd )dt = on (Vs − Vd ) = k (Vs − Vd )
T
T 0
T 0
on
on
4-5
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vd
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
2
T
⎤
⎡1
Vrms = ⎢ ∫ (Vs − Vd ) 2 dt ⎥ = on (Vs − Vd ) = k (Vs − Vd )
T
⎦
⎣T 0
Ton
4-6
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps =
T V (V − Vd )
V (V − Vd )
1T
1 T Vs (Vs − Vd )
v
i
dt
dt = on s s
=
=k s s
s o
∫
∫
T 0
T 0
R
T
R
R
on
on
4-7
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ton (Vs − Vd ) 2
(Vs − Vd ) 2
1T
1 T (Vs − Vd ) 2
Po = ∫ vo io dt = ∫
dt =
=k
T 0
T 0
R
T
R
R
on
on
4-8
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(Ton)‫א‬،(PWM)‫א‬-
٣ J٤‫א‬،(T)
 (Ton) ‫א‬‫א‬(T) ‫א‬،(FM)‫א‬ J
 K٤ J٤‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨١ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،(SCR)‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬GTO‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،(BJT)‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٨٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤
‫א‬،(MOSFET)‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬(MOSFET)‫א‬ J
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ٨٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Vi
Vs
t
Vo
Va
Vs
t
Ton
Toff
Ton
T
Toff
T
Vo
Va
Vs
t
Ton
Toff
Ton
T
Toff
T
Vo
Va
Vs
Ton
 
Ton
Toff
T
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٤
- ٨٤ -
t
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٤
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Step Down DC Choppers
‫א‬  ٥ J٤K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤،
K‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(On)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Off)‫א‬‫א‬،(Q)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Q)D‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٤
- ٨٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤
- ٨٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
W١ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K٪٦٠‫א‬‫א‬٣٠٠‫א‬١٥
 :‫א‬K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
R=15 Ω,
1
T= =
f
‫א‬
Vs= 300,
k=0.6,
f=1 kHz,
0.001 sec.
Ton = kT = 0.6(0.001) =0.0006
sec.= 0.6
ms
Toff = (1 − k )T = 0.4(0.001) =0.0004sec. = 0.4 ms
Vo = k (Vs − Vd ) = 0.6(300-2) = 178.8
V rms = k (V s − V d )
Po = k
Ps = k
P
η= o
Ps
(Vs − Vd )
R
2
Vs (Vs − Vd )
R
‫א‬‫א‬
E
‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E
volt
= 230.83volt
= 3552.16watt
‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
= 3576 watt
‫א‬E
= 99.33%
 
- ٨٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Step- Up DC Choppers
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٤F
(L)‫א‬‫א‬(On)E‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(Off)‫א‬‫א‬
vo =
1
Vs
1− k
WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4-9
‫א‬
W
s
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
o
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(4-9)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٠٠‫א‬١٥

 ‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
- ٨٩ -
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
٥
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
٥W‫א‬‫א‬
 
KEFW‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
AC Voltage Controllers ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Theory Of Operation
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١ J٥‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، Q1, Q2
‫א‬‫א‬١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
On-Off Control ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬
١-١-٥
‫א‬‫א‬Q1, Q2‫א‬
‫א‬،(Vo) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢ J٥F
- ٩١ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
ig1Q1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kig2Q2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬“Vs”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬“m”‫א‬‫א‬“n”‫א‬
2π
⎡
⎤
n
n
2
Vorms = ⎢
= kV s
2V s sin 2 ωtd (ωt )⎥ = V s
∫
n+m
⎣ 2π (n + m ) 0
⎦
5-1
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ k 
k=
n
n+m
5-2
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥
 
- ٩٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
W١ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬١٠
،٧٥٢٥‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠١٢٧‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
‫א‬
k=
K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
25
n
=
= 0.25
n + m 25 + 75
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
Vorms = Vs·√k = 127(√0.25) = 63.5
V
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
I orms =
Vorms 63.5
=
= 6.35
R
10
A
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
2
Po = I orms R = ( 6 .35 ) 2 × 10 = 403 .225
watt
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
VA = V s I s = 127 × 6 .35 = 806 .45
watt
 
- ٩٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ J
PF =
Po
= k = 0.5
VA
‫א‬ J
Im =
Vm
= 19.96
R
A
Phase Angle Control
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺇﺸﻌﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻴﺭﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬
٢-١-٥
Q1, Q2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٣ J٥‫א‬
K“Vs”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٨٠
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٤ J٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D1Q1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D2Q2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٥
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎡ 2 β
⎤
1
sin 2α sin 2 β
2
2V s sin 2 ωtd (ωt )⎥ = V s
(β − α +
Vorms = ⎢
−
)
∫
π
2
2
⎢⎣ 2π α
⎥⎦
5-3
 
- ٩٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥
Single Phase Controller with inductive load
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٥ J٥K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٨٠“φ” ‫א‬‫א‬“α”‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
φ ≤ α ≤ π
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“α”‫א‬“Q1”‫א‬‫א‬
“Q1”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٦ J٥‫א‬“Q1”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“Q1”‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“π+α”‫א‬“Q2”‫א‬
‫א‬،٦ J٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٥
- ٩٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
E φ ≤ α ≤ π F‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٥
 
“φ” ‫א‬‫א‬“α”‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
φ >α
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
π+φ‫א‬“Q2”‫א‬π+φ φ ‫א‬“Q1”‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2π+φ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٧ J٥‫א‬
- ٩٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷوﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﻧﺠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺎآﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷوﺟﻪ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J٥
 
٣ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٥
٢‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
 
‫ﺣﺎآﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫داﺋﺮة اﻹﺷﻌﺎل‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٥
“Tr”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“Ta”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“Tr”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬“Tr-Ta”‫א‬
‫א‬“Tr”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“Tr-Ta”
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٥F
- ١٠٠ -
 
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠K٦
‫א‬،mn‫א‬‫א‬،٦٠١٢٧
W‫א‬،٦‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
n, m‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠١ -
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
٦
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
٥W‫א‬‫א‬
 
KEFW‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
Inverters‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (PWM) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Filter)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(UPS)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬١ J٦
‫א‬١ J٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Theory of Operation
‫א‬(D1, D2)‫א‬(Q1, Q2)
‫א‬،‫א‬Q1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q1KVs
‫א‬‫א‬Q2،(T/2)‫א‬‫א‬EVsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(-Vs)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q2‫א‬
‫א‬K٢ J٦‫א‬‫א‬،(T/2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Q1EF‫א‬
- ١٠٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
D1‫א‬،Q2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KQ2
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١ J٦
 
‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
Vorms
2
⎤
⎡2 T /2 2
2V s
2
(t ) T0 / 2 = V s
= ⎢ ∫ V s sin ωtd (ωt )⎥ =
T
⎦
⎣T 0
6-1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I orms ==
Vorms
R
6-2
- ١٠٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
Vg1
Vg2
IQ1
IQ2
Io
Vo
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٦
‫א‬٢ J٦
EKKKK‫א‬F‫א‬

Single- Phase Bridge Inverter
Q1, ،٣ J٦‫א‬‫א‬
E J2VsF‫א‬Q3, Q4KE2VsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q2
‫א‬‫א‬D1, D2K٤ J٦‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q3, Q4
 KQ1, Q2‫א‬D3, D4
- ١٠٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 
‫א‬٣ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٦‫א‬
 W
2
⎡2 T /2 2
⎤
8V s
Vorms = ⎢ ∫ 4V s sin 2 ωtd (ωt )⎥ =
(t ) T0 / 2 = 2V s
T
⎣T 0
⎦
6-3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I orms ==
Vorms
R
6-4
- ١٠٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
Three- Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬٣ J٦
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٥ J٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
180o180o‫א‬‫א‬
K٦ J٦
 
 ‫א‬٥ J٦ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٦
- ١٠٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9K٦



 K‫א‬‫א‬ J




 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨
- ١٠٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬L،L،‫א‬L،‫א‬  J١
 ١٩٨٤،‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬
،‫א‬L ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
٢٠٠٠، J‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
3. An Introduction to Power Electronics, B. M. Bird, K. G. King, and D. A. G. Pedder,
John Wiley & Sons, 1993.
4. Modern power Electronics, B. K. Bose, IEEE Press Publication, 1992.
5. Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications, M. H. Rashid, Prentice Hall,
1994.
6. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design, N. Mohan, T. M.
Undeland and W. T. Robbins, Jon Wiley & Sons, 1994
‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
.................................................................................................................................................................. 
................................................................................................................................................................ 
- ٢ - ...................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢ - ............................................................................ Semiconductors Used in Power Electronic Circuits
- ٢ - .......................................................... Types of Power Electronic Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١
- ٣ - ...................................................................... (uncontrolled rectifier)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬١ J١ J١
- ٣ - .............................................................................. (Controlled rectifier)‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬٢ J١ J١
- ٤ - ................................................................................. (ac voltage controller)‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J١
- ٤ - ................................................................................................. (dc chopper)‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١ J١
- ٥ - ............................................................................................................ (Inverter)‫א‬٥ J١ J١
- ٦ - ........................................................
Power Semiconductor Devices‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١
- ٦ - ................................................................................................................... Power diode‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١
- ٨ - .............................................................................. General purpose diode‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J١
- ٩ - ................................................................................. Fast recovery diode‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣ J١
- ١٠ - ................................................................................................... Schottky diode‫א‬٣ J٣ J١
- ١١ - .............................................................................. Thyristor and its types‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١
- ١١ - ............................................ Thyristor construction and operation‫א‬١ J٤ J١
- ١٣ - ............................................................................. Thyristor characteristics‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤ J١
- ١٥ - .......................................................................................Thyristor firing‫א‬٣ J٤ J١
- ١٦ - ...................................................................... Thyristor turn-offE‫א‬F‫א‬٤ J٤ J١
- ١٧ - ..................................................................................... Thyristor protection‫א‬٥ J٤ J١
- ١٩ - .................................................................................................Thyristor types‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٤ J١
- ٢٢ - ................................................................................................ Power Transistor‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J١
- ٢٢ - ........................................................................................................... BJT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥ J١
- ٢٤ - ............................................................................... MOSFET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥ J١
- ٢٥ - .................................................................................. IGBT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥ J١
- ٢٦ - .......................................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٨ - ....................................................... Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٨ - ................................................................... Single-phase rectifier circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢
- ٢٨ - ....................................... The single-phase half-wave rectifier‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٢
- ٣٤ - ........................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٢
- ٣٧ - .................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٢
- ٤٠ - ............................................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢
- ٤٢ - ..................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢
‫א‬
٢٠٦
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
- ٤٥ - .......................................................................................................................................... ٤ J٢
- ٥٠ - ...................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٣ - .............................................................................. Controlled Rectifiers ‫ اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬: ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
- ٥٣ - ............................................ Single Phase Half Wave Converter ‫א‬ ١-٣
- ٥٣ - .............................................................................. ‫ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﺤﻜﻮم ﻣﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺎدي‬١-١-٣
- ٥٧ - ...................................................................... ‫ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﺤﻜﻮم ﻣﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺎدي وﺣﺜﻲ‬٢-١-٣
- ٦٠ - ................................................ Single-Phase Semi-Converter ‫א‬٢ J٣
- ٦٣ - ................................
Single- Phase Full -Wave Converter‫א‬ ٣ J٣
- ٦٦ - ................................................................... Single -Phase Dual Converter‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٤ J٣
- ٦٦ - .......................................... Three- Phase Half- Wave Converter ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٥ J٣
- ٧٠ - ................................................ Three- Phase Semi-converter ‫א‬‫ א‬٦ J٣
- ٧١ - ........................................................ Three- Phase Full- Converter ‫א‬‫ א‬٧ J٣
- ٧٣ - .................................................................. Three- Phase Dual -Converter‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٨ J٣
- ٧٣ - .......................................................................................................................................  ٩ J٣
- ٧٦ - ...................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٩ - ........................................................................................ DC Choppers‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﺎت اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬: ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬
- ٧٩ - .......................................................................... Theory of Operation‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٤
- ٨٥ - .................................................................................... Step Down DC Choppers ‫א‬‫ א‬٢ J٤
- ٨٨ - ......................................................................................... Step- Up DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٣ J٤
- ٨٩ - ...................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩١ - ...................................................................AC Voltage Controllers ‫ ﺣﺎآﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎوب‬: ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬
- ٩١ - .......................................................................... Theory Of Operation‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٥
- ٩١ - ............................................................................ On-Off Control ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮات اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ واﻹﻳﻘﺎف‬١-١-٥
- ٩٤ - ................................................................... Phase Angle Control ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ زاوﻳﺔ إﺷﻌﺎل اﻟﺜﺎﻳﺮﺳﺘﻮر‬٢-١-٥
- ٩٥ - .......................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥
- ٩٦ - ...................................................................................... Single Phase Controller with inductive load
- ٩٨ - .......................................................................................................................................... ٣ J٥
- ١٠١ - ................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠٣ - ........................................................................................................... Inverters ‫ اﻟﻌﻮاآﺲ‬: ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ‬
- ١٠٣ - ...................................................................................................... Theory of Operation‫א‬١ J٦
- ١٠٥ - .................................................................... Single- Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬٢ J٦
- ١٠٦ - ................................................................... Three- Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬٣ J٦
- ١٠٨ - ............................................................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬
١١١................................................................................................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬
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