Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PNP
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY IN
POLICING FUNCTION
IN TAGAYTAY
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
Philippine National Police Academy
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Public Safety
CDT 2C ALDRICK RENZ AROMIN MANZANO
CDT 2C AKSAD SAWADJAAN LACSON
CDT 2C JOHN DAVID JARA MACAGBA
December 2019
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PNP
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
ISO 9001:2015 Certified ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled, “THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY IN POLICING
FUNCTION IN TAGAYTAY ”, prepared and submitted by Cdt 2C AKSAD S.
LACSON, Cdt 2C JOHN DAVID J. MACAGBA, and Cdt 2C ALDRICK RENZ A.
MANZANO, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Science in Public Safety, is hereby recommended for oral examination.
DR. JUDE THADDEUS BARTOLOME
Adviser
Approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Public Safety, with a grade of ______.
_________________________
Chairman
_______________________
Member
_______________________
Member
Accepted as partial fulfillment for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN PUBLIC SAFETY.
PBGEN JON ARANDIA ARNALDO
Dean of Academics
December 2019
ii
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PNP
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
ISO 9001:2015 Certified 1
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors of this research would like to thank those who contributed and inspired
us to complete this research.
To PMGEN JOSE CHIQUITO MIPARANUM MALAYO, for the approval of our
research.
To PBGEN JON ARANDIA ARNALDO, for the close supervision on our academic
activities.
To DR. JUDE THADDEUS BARTOLOME, our thesis adviser, for the guidance in
completing our research.
To DR. NIMFA C. GAMBAN, for the time and effort in teaching and assisting us in
making our research.
To the TAGAYTAY POLICE STATION, for the active participation of their
personnel and staff.
To our classmates, upperclassmen and those who helped us finished this
research, thank you and our deepest gratitude and appreciation is yours truly.
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PNP
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Title
Page
APPROVAL SHEET................................................................................................. ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................ 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND .................................................................... 4
Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................... 7
Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................... 11
Scope and Delimitation ......................................................................................... 12
Significance of the Study ...................................................................................... 13
Definition of Terms ................................................................................................ 15
Acronyms .............................................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 2 ......................................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES ............Ошибка! Закладка не
определена.
Technology
Acquisition……………………………………………………………..Ошибка! Закладка не
определена.
Impact
of
Technology……………………………..……………………………..….Ошибка! Закладка
не определена.
Computerized Crime Mapping…………………………..…………………………17
Social
Media
...........................................................………………………………Ошибка! Закладка не
определена.
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PNP
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Relevance of the Related Literature and Studies ....................Ошибка! Закладка не
определена.
Synthesis of the Related Literature and Studies .................. Ошибка! Закладка не
определена.
CHAPTER 3 ......................................................... Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................ Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Research Design ..........................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Sources of Data ............................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Population and Sampling Procedure ............Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Instrumentation .............................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Data Gathering Procedure ............................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Analysis of Data ............................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
REFERENCES .............................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Appendix .......................................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
Appendix C. .................................................Letter of Request to the Participants of the
Study.............................................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT .........................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
CURRICULUM VITAE ..................................Ошибка! Закладка не определена.
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PNP
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Over the past several decades, policing agencies have implemented an array of
technological advancements to improve operational efficiency and outcomes, especially
in times of diminished resources and enhanced public attention on and scrutiny of law
enforcement activity. However, much remains to be known about the prevalence and
utility of technology among the nation’s law enforcement agencies and the factors that
influence its selection and implementation. To address these issues, we need to build the
knowledge base of why and how police select, implement, and integrate new technology;
how that technology is being used; and whether new technology improves policing in a
meaningful way for both the agency and the community.
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PNP
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Technology has been considered a significant driver to law enforcement strategies
and tactics for as long as can be remembered. In the 20th century, the introduction of the
telephone, the automobile, and two-way radios created seismic shifts in what police do,
pushing departments toward a strategy of rapid response to citizens’ request for police
assistance (Harris, 2007). These technological capabilities provided closer connections
and information sharing between police and the citizens they serve. Now, in the 21st
century, powerful technological advancements have emerged, including closed-circuit
television, automatic license plate readers (LPRs), in-car cameras, and body-worn
cameras (BWCs), predictive policing software, and social media communication and
monitoring tools. The proliferation of computer technology, communication technology,
and other major technological advancements over the last several decades have made
numerous technologies available to law enforcement officers that were virtually unheard
of by their predecessors. Many departments are implementing these and other
technologies to increase efficiency and improve outcomes, especially in times of
diminished resources and enhanced public attention on and scrutiny of law enforcement
tactics and outcomes.
Technological advances in recent years have changed the nature of policing so
significantly that many methods and tools from just a decade ago have become
antiquated and incompatible with current technology (Goodison, Davis, & Jackson, 2015).
Some of these advances include location-monitoring devices for the tracking of high-rate
offenders, predictive analytics and crime mapping software for the deployment of officers
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PNP
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
into locations that cause or are likely to cause crime, crime scene technology that
enhances the collection and processing of evidence, and interoperable Web-based and
other communication devices that facilitate connections between police and the
communities they serve.
Despite the theoretical connections between technology and policing tactics and
outcomes, it is not well understood how technological devices are selected among police
agencies or the ways in which agency characteristics give shape to their technological
portfolios. Moreover, police agencies vary in philosophy, culture, management strategies,
and agency goals (Weiss) therefore, technological priorities and modes of use may differ
depending on these characteristics. Existing theoretical perspectives on understanding
how technology is adopted in organizations seem out of touch with the reality of
technology acquisition in law enforcement agencies (LEAs), and they do not incorporate
the idiosyncratic differences across LEAs when it comes to decision-making processes
or perceptions of impact (Rogers). Likewise, limited information is available about the
process by which technology is implemented, including the unique challenges
encountered by LEAs, which often translates into fewer resources through which LEA
decisions to acquire and implement a technology can be guided. Given that technology
can have a dramatic impact on how policing is done, on community relations, and the
extent to which public safety is protected, it is imperative that police executives and civilian
policymakers have sound empirical evidence about the presence, role, and impact of
technology in contemporary policing.
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PNP
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
8
Theoretical Framework
The materialization model (Feenberg, 2005) will be used as the theoretical basis
of this study. According to Feenberg (2005), much philosophy of technology offers very
abstract and unhistorical accounts of the essence of technology. These accounts appear
painfully thin compared to the rich complexity revealed in social studies of technology.
Yet technology has the distinguishing features sketched above and these have normative implications. As Marcuse argued in One-Dimensional Man, the choice of a
technical rather than a political or moral solution to a social problem is politically and
morally significant. The dilemma divides technology studies into two opposed branches.
Most essentialist philosophy of technology is crit- ical of modernity, even anti-modern,
while most empirical research on tech- nologies ignores the larger issue of modernity and
thus appears uncritical, even conformist, to social critics (Feenberg 2003).
Feenberg find it difficult to explain the solution to this dilemma as it crosses lines
we are used to standing behind. These lines cleanly separate the substantivist critique of
technology as we find it in Heidegger from the constructivism of many contemporary
historians and sociologists. These two approaches are usually seen as totally opposed.
Nevertheless, there is something obviously right in both. Feenberg have therefore
attempted to combine their insights in a common framework which Feenberg call
"instrumentalization theory."
Instrumentalization theory holds that technology must be analyzed at two levels,
the level of our original functional relation to reality and the level of design and
implementation. At the first level, we seek and find affordances that can be mobilized in
devices and systems by decontextualizing the objects of experience and reducing them
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
9
to their useful properties. This involves a process of de-worlding in which objects are torn
out of their original contexts and exposed to analysis and manipulation while subjects are
positioned for distanced control. Modern societies are unique in de-worlding human
beings in order to subject them to technical action-we call it management-and in prolonging the basic gesture of de-worlding theoretically in technical disciplines which
become the basis for complex technical networks.
At the second level, we introduce designs that can be integrated with other already
existing devices and systems and with various social constraints such as ethical and
aesthetic principles. The primary level simplifies objects for incorporation into a device
while the secondary level integrates the simplified objects to a natural and social
environment. This involves a process which, following Heidegger, we can call "disclosure"
or "revealing" of a world. Disclosing involves a complementary process of realization
which qualifies the original functionalization by orienting it toward a new world involving
those same objects and subjects.
These two levels are analytically distinguished. No matter how abstract the
affordances identified at the primary level, they carry social content from the secondary
level in the elementary contingencies of a particular approach to the materials. Similarly,
secondary instrumentalizations such as design specifica- tions presuppose the
identification of the affordances to be assembled and con- cretized. This is an important
point. Cutting down a tree to make lumber and building a house with it are not the primary
and secondary instrumentaliza- tions respectively. Cutting down a tree "decontextualizes"
it, but in line with various technical, legal and aesthetic considerations determining what
kinds of trees can become lumber of what size and shape and are salable as such. The
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
10
act of cutting down the tree is thus not simply "primary" but involves both lev- els as one
would expect of an analytic distinction.
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
11
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The figure below presents the paradigm of the study. It contains the INPUT,
PROCESS and OUTPUT. The first box represents the INPUT of the study, which contains
the different types of technology used in the police station and contextual information
about how local situational characteristics, such as crime issues, prompt the adoption of
specific technologies.
The second box presents the PROCESS of the study which contains the statistical
treatment to be used, the use of survey questionnaire as data gathering tool, data
analysis, comparative analysis and lastly, the correlational analysis.
The third box presents the OUTPUT that contains the expected outcome of the
impact of technology in police function
INPUT
1. Types of technology
used
PROCESS
OUTPUT
1. Use of survey
questionnaire
2. Implementation issues
agencies encountered
2. Data collection, analysis
and organization
3. Level of technology
integration into policing
practices
3. Statistical treatment of
data to be used
Impact of
Technology in
Police Function
FEEDBACK
Figure 1.
Paradigm of the Study
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
12
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the impact of technology in policing function of
Tagaytay City Police Station
The main thrust of the study is to determine the impact of technology to our
policing. It is likewise the intent of the study to determine what are the positive and
negative effects of our modern technologies to our law enforcements.
1.How does technology affect our law enforcers in their duty:
1.1. Mentally
1.2. Physically
1.3. Socially
2. How does technology affect our modern policing in terms of:
2.1. Operational
2.2. Intellectual
2.3. Socially
3. Did the use of technology reduce the crime rate of the country?
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
13
Scope and Delimitation
The domain of the study would focus on local police stations because as of now
police stations have been relying on technology and is now being widely used.
The research setting is the Tagaytay City Police Station, located on the center of
Tagaytay City. The said city is a developed city where technology can afford by its local
police station because of its high-end economic value.
The researchers call attention to a few limitations of our study.. Site visit data,
however, suggested that there was a great deal of variation in use among agencies that
had similar kinds of data. Having a technology might mean that there was one fixed-mount
LPR unit or 40 patrol vehicle-mounted mobile units. In either case, agencies may consider
themselves fully deployed with no plans to implement any additional units or may think
that they are only partially deployed with intention to place more units into the field. Future
research should consider the depth of adoption as a continuous variable rather than a
simple yes/no variable. Likewise, it may also be considered a limitation that our survey
was fielded to only a single agency representative. Perceptions of the extent to which an
agency is devoted to a particular policing philosophy or believes that a given activity is
central to the agency’s core mission may differ substantially throughout the chain of
command within the same department.
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
14
Significance of the Study
To gain a better understanding of how police strategy is enhanced by technology
or even how technology fosters the adoption of new strategy, we need to build the
knowledge base of why and how police select, implement, and integrate new technology;
how that technology is being used; and whether new technology improves policing. The
National Police Commission report details the methods, results, and recommendations
from a research project that more closely examined the types of technology that Philippine
National Police are getting and using, as well as the degree to which technologies are
linked to strategy development and larger organizational change within Philippine
National Police. The use of specific technological devices within law enforcement is often
credited with helping police personnel perform certain functions or activities more
efficiently and, at times, more effectively. There is little empirical or transferable evidence
on the extent to which technology has led to changes in overall agency practice or has
affected policing outcomes, including responding to calls for service, community relations,
and public safety. There is also limited information on the extent to which the adherence
and dedication to particular strategic philosophies and models is linked to the purchase
and use of particular technological devices.
The study will be introductory beneficial to the following stakeholders:
Philippine National Police. the result of the study will inform the Philippine
National Police the positive and negative impacts of technology in their organization.
Police Commissioned Officer. The finding of the study will be a great help in
informing Police Commissioned officers the uses of technology for their work.
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
15
Police Non-Commissioned Officer- crime recording particularly the blotter will
be easier.
Tagaytay City Police Station. the findings of the study will enable the police
station more effective and efficient by knowing the impacts of technology and applying
it to their work.
Police Commissioned Officer. The finding of the study will present an overall
objective view on what the impacts of technology on their work and also it will help the
PCO to observe and find out if the technology is effective and can decide technology can
influence their work.
Police Non-Commissioned Officer. The finding of the study will be presented
with input that will inform and educate them the positive and negative impacts of
technology in their work.
Researchers. The study will provide an opportunity to widen their knowledge
regarding the impacts of technology in policing function for their future services in PNP.
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
16
Definition of Terms
Technology - The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
especially in industry
Impact- the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another and a
marked effect or influence. Result of the technology in policing function
Community - refers to a structure of relationships through which a localized
population provides its daily requirements
Law enforcement - is a term used to define the act of enforcing the law; and a
law enforcement officer is a government employee who is responsible for the
prevention, investigation, apprehension, or detention of individuals suspected or
convicted of offenses against the criminal laws, including an employee engaged in this
activity who is transferred to a supervisory or administrative position; or serving as a
probation or pretrial services officer
Acronyms
PNPA
-
Philippine National Police Academy
BSPS
-
Bachelor of Science in Public Safety
PNP
-
Philippine National Police
BFP
-
Bureau of Fire Protection
BJMP
-
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
17
Appendix A. Letter of request to the PNPA Director for the Conduct of the Study.
Republic of the Philippines
Philippine Public Safety College
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
November 2019
PCSUPT JOSE CHIQUITO MIPARANUM MALAYO
Director, Philippine National Police Academy
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
Dear Sir:
Please be informed that the undersigned cadets are currently conducting their
undergraduate thesis entitled, “The Impact of technology in policing function in
tagaytay”. This study aims to determine the effect of our modern technologies in relation
to the functions of our law enforcers.
In view of this, we would like to respectfully request for your approval with regard
to the conduct of the study. Rest assured that all information gathered will be treated with
utmost confidentiality.
Thank you very much.
Very truly yours,
Cdt 2C ALDRICK RENZ A. MANZANO
Cdt 2C AKSAD S. LACSON
Cdt 2C JOHN DAVID J. MACAGBA
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
18
Appendix B. Letter of Request to the Dean of Academics for the conduct of the study.
Republic of the Philippines
Philippine Public Safety College
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
November 2019
PBGEN JON ARANDIA ARNALDO
Dean of Academics, Philippine National Police Academy
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
Dear Sir:
Please be informed that the undersigned cadets are currently conducting their
undergraduate thesis entitled, “The Impact of technology in policing function in
tagaytay”. This study aims to determine the effect of our modern technologies in relation
to the functions of our law enforcers.
In view of this, we would like to respectfully request for your approval with regard
to the conduct of the study. Rest assured that all information gathered will be treated with
utmost confidentiality.
Thank you very much.
Very truly yours,
Cdt 2C ALDRICK RENZ A. MANZANO
Cdt 2C AKSAD S. LACSON
Cdt 2C JOHN DAVID J. MACAGBA
HINIRANG CLASS 2021
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
19
Appendix C. Letter of Request to the Participants of the Study.
Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PNP
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
November 2019
PBGEN JON ARANDIA ARNALDO
Dean of Academics, Philippine National Police Academy
Camp General Mariano N Castañeda, Silang, Cavite
Dear Respondent:
Please be informed that the undersigned cadets are currently conducting their
undergraduate thesis entitled, “The Impact of technology in policing function in
tagaytay”. This study aims to determine the effect of our modern technologies in relation
to the functions of our law enforcers.
In view of this, we would like to respectfully request for your approval with regard
to the conduct of the study. Rest assured that all information gathered will be treated with
utmost confidentiality.
Thank you very much.
Very truly yours,
Cdt 2C ALDRICK RENZ A. MANZANO
Cdt 2C AKSAD S. LACSON
Cdt 2C JOHN DAVID J. MACAGBA
HINIRANG CLASS 2021