TROPICAL DESIGN CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN CLIMATE – defined a region with certain temperature, dryness, wind, light etc WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM – an integration in time of the atmospheric environment of a certain geographical location CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM CLIMATIC ELEMENTS Temperature Humidity Precipitation Sky Conditions/ Solar Radiation Wind Special Elements CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM WORLD CLIMATES GENERAL TYPES OF CLIMATE 1. Hot Humid (Tropical) 2. Hot Arid 3. Temperate 4. Cold CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT THERMAL COMFORT Human comfort as determined by the ability of the body to dissipate the heat and moisture it produces by metabolic action. BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PSYCHROMETRIC CHART A chart relating the wet-bulb and drybulb readings from a psychrometer to relative humidity, absolute humidity and dew point CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN TROPICAL CLIMATE those regions where heat is the dominant problem, where the annual mean temperature is not less than 20 degrees WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM TROPICAL DESIGN This is concerned with countries where discomfort due to heat and humidity are the dominant problems. Tropical Design is applicable to Tropical, Sub-Tropical and Equatorial Climates covering the Southeast Asian Countries. CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CLIMATES Temperature – average mean temperature (dbt) 20 – 30 deg C Small diurnal temperature change/range 2-5 deg C Humidity Levels - 50% - 100% Relative Humidity Wind Conditions – Slow Wind Flow Average of 2 m/s Prevailing Wind in the Philippines : Amihan (NE) – November to April Habagat (SW) - May to October Sky Conditions – Overcast Sky most of the time a lot of reflected heat/ solar gain Precipitation – high during the year – average of 1000mm/yr. Others : Climate conditions breed insects (flies, mosquitoes, termites) Damp Ground Conditions CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PROBLEMS IN AREAS WITH TROPICAL CLIMATES HIGH TEMPERATURE LEVEL (HEAT) HIGH HUMIDITY LEVELS SLOW WIND VELOCITIES HIGH PRECIPITATION LEVELS DURING RAINY DAYS HIGH INCIDENCE OF TYPHOONS ABUNDANCE OF INSECTS AND RODENTS DAMP GROUND CONDITIONS CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT Design Objectives in Tropical Climates : 1. Minimize Heat Gain BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM 2. Maximize Ventilation (but protect from typhoon wind) 3. Prevent unnecessary increase in humidity levels 4. Have good drainage systems to accommodate high precipitation during the year 5. Protect spaces from insects and rodents CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING A cooling system using a building’s design and construction to maintain a comfortable temperature within the building Passive design is essentially low-energy design achieved by the building’s particular morphological organization rather than electro-mechanical means. CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING Some passive cooling methods used in building design are: 1. BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE LAYOUT and SITE PLANNING 2. BUILDING ORIENTATION 3. FACADE DESIGN 4. WIND AND NATURAL VENTILATION 5. Others : Passive daylight devices, Building envelope color, Vertical Landscaping CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING 1. BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE LAYOUT and SITE PLANNING Example : A building can be protected from direct sunlight by placing it on a location within the site that utilizes existing features such as trees, terrain etc. CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING PASSIVE COOLING 2. BUILDING ORIENTATION BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM Example : In tropical countries such as the Philippines, it is best to place service areas in the west and east facing sides of the building because these sides are exposed to direct sunlight. CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT PASSIVE COOLING FACADE DESIGN Use of Double-layered façade BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM Use Low-emissivity glass (Low-E glass) CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING PASSIVE COOLING FACADE DESIGN BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM Use of Insulation CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING WIND AND NATURAL VENTILATION Prevailing Wind in the Philippines : Amihan (NE) – November to April Habagat (SW) - May to October CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING STACK EFFECT / CHIMNEY EFFECT The tendency of air or gas in a shaft or other vertical space to rise when heated, creating a draft that draws in cooler air or gas from below CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CROSS VENTILATION The circulation of fresh air through open windows, doors or other openings on opposite sides of a room CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM Wind speeds increase with the height above the ground, and the smoothness of the ground surface. This variation in wind speed is known as wind gradient. CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM WIND BEHAVIOR WITHIN A ROOM CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT PASSIVE COOLING SOLAR CONTROL DEVICES (SUN SHADING DEVICES) Protecting the Building Spaces from Heat Gain due to Solar Radiation BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN SOLAR PATH DIAGRAM WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM ALTITUDE SUMMER SOLSTICE EQUINOX AZIMUTH WINTER SOLSTICE CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING SUNSHADING DEVICES HORIZONTAL TYPES Horizontal Sun Shades are generally used on the North-Facing and South Facing Sides of a building CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING SUNSHADING DEVICES HORIZONTAL TYPES Horizontal Sun Shades are generally used on the North-Facing and South Facing Sides of a building CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING SUNSHADING DEVICES VERTICAL TYPES Vertical Sun Shades are generally used on the East-Facing and WestFacing Sides of a building CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM PASSIVE COOLING SUNSHADING DEVICES EGGCRATE TYPES Combination of Horizontal and Vertical Shades CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM CLIMATE CLIMATIC ELEMENTS TYPES OF CLIMATE THERMAL COMFORT TROPICAL DESIGN PASSIVE COOLING BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT BUILDING ORIENTATION FAÇADE DESIGN WIND and NATURAL VENTILATION SUNSHADING DEVICES SUN PATH DIAGRAM AZIMUTH = 289° SOLAR ALTITUDE = 32° THE END
