1. Project Development
2. Project and Program
Implementation
3. Project Monitoring
4. Project Evaluation
5. Formative Evaluation
6. Summative Evaluation
7. Impact Evaluation
It is the application of processes, experiences, skills, ideas and plans to develop or deliver a specific output aiming to
improve economic and social conditions of people or other related goals and objectives. It entails arranging and planning
all aspects of a project, such as selecting supplies, establishing a budget, and assigning duties to team members.
It is a phase of project where all mapping out of activities or what we call plan are being carried out. This means, we are
now doing the actions of what was written in proposals or related documents. All of our inputs are put into action turning
it into an actual project using our resources in order to achieve the goals.
This is a process done throughout the phases of project in order to track the progress of a project as well as the back
downs, what needs to be improved or enhanced and this will help in identifying the potential problems which will help in
order to ensure all activities are being carried out to achieve the goals. In a nutshell, monitoring gives us information
formed from our observation and gathered feedbacks to check on how a project is doing to improve or enhance it.
Project evaluation is a continues process, in my opinion, this means evaluation is not only done at the end but also during
the process and this is done in order to determine the relevance of project and to gather information essential to make
judgement of the output which will lead to conclusion of what has to be improved and can inform us about the future
project development.
This is done in order to provide us with a gauge if a program or project is needed, hence, it is undertaken early in the
development of a program or project which means, it will inform us possible results, weather goals and objectives are
likely to be met and to identify possible hindrances in the implementation. With this being conducted, it will help us to
incorporate the program and project with the necessary adjustments
It happens at the very beginning in program implementation and it looks at the design, data needed for the program and
become a baseline of subsequent monitoring of the program. Looks up areas of improvement, areas of concern and focus
for early
This is more focused on the end; the products, result and impact. This will provide us the means to find out whether a
project or program has met or reached it goals and objectives, hence this type of evaluation is designed to conduct at the
end of the life cycle of a project or program.
Effectiveness – the method that have been used. What strategy was the most effective
Efficiency – from the limited resources, what happened to and what impact has gained, if greater impact, then it is
efficient. Less cost more accomplishment
This is focused on the whole being of a project or program, this means, it evaluates the activities from beginning to the
end what are has been the results. Hence, this focuses what has been changed to the people who were involved and
affected in the program or project, its long term effect
When we already quantify about the success of the program or project.
8. Process Evaluation
9. Outcome Evaluation
10. Economic Evaluation
(Cost benefit analysis)
11. Outcome vs. Output
12. Bottom up
13. Top down
14. Collaborative
Participatory
15. Management Process
16. Monitoring
17. Evaluation
It focuses more on as soon as the implementation begun and during the operation to measure or determine procedure’s
effectiveness and this can help us to spot early the possible problems and informs how a program is working. To put it
simply, this evaluation is where processes or procedures being used are evaluated at the beginning and during the
implementation to measure its effectiveness, streamline processes to know what to continue, stop or enhance.
It helps us to provide data on the outcome of a program or project and the degree of the outcome which is significant to a
program of project. This is done to measure how much a program or project has affect the target population and this
evaluation answers the short and long term results from the feedback of the participants since it is done at a right time to
measure outcomes, usually in benchmarked time periods.
Taking a look at the program’s usefulness and value. Help us make our strategies more effective in delivering the
intended benefits for our client. We have laid down goals and objectives and at the end, we can check if we are achieving
thru this evaluation
We look at the beginning because we are trying to compare what we are going to use and what has been planned to use.
This is used to find the inefficiencies and how much was spent and where did our expenses go. We are looking on how we
translated the cost into outcomes
Outcomes are the results which are quantitative, direct and these are tangible which we can immediately see it because it
is created after implementing a certain project or program and this will result to outcome. Outcome are the results which
are more qualitative but can also be quantitative and these are not seen right away after implementation and this refers
more about the effect of the people who are affected by the project or program and is likely a long term
Activities are done by the clients and limited assistance will be given by the project owner and this maybe form of
resources or technical assistance. This means, those who will be affected by the project or program are the primary doer
of the actions in the implementation and the program / project head will be assisting them only by providing technical
assistance and resources or other necessary support.
The program owner will do most of the activities and less involvement of those who are being affected. This means, the
head of a program or project is the primary doer of the actions in the implementation and the people who will be
affected by it will only have a minimal participation
We use the two approaches above. This means, we combine the two approaches where the program or project head are
collaborating with those people who will be affected and most of activities are done together.
This is where we get the work done, and we get the work done; it means we work with people and resources as well as
policies and it makes use of the management function to have an effective management process to achieve the goals and
objectives of program or project. We make use of all the management function in carrying out the management process
because it involves the use of the different management functions which are what we are referring to as the POSDCORB.
This makes use of tools and strategies to look at the impacts of a project or program
It is done to gauge with what went wrong and what went right in the project or program conducted, how it impacted the
people affected. We are checking on what went wrong, we can enhance this, so the delivery will be effective and
efficient. As we continue revisiting goals and objectives, we can enhance our initiatives and determining the valu of the
money and other resources we used
18. Poverty
19. When person is
considered poor?
20. Absolute Poverty
21. Relative Poverty
22. Community Driven
Development
23. Efficiency
24. Social Enterprise
Embedded activity in each phase of the process
It is a state of a person or people where there is a deprivation of needs such as foods, shelter and clothes. They are not
able to meet their needs because there is deprivation; it means to say the person or people lack something; because
there is something that limits them to attain it. Undeniably, this word is attached to not having enough money but it is
more than that because what they are deprived of is the need in surviving as a human being. There is scarcity or lack of
basic human needs such as; shelter, foods, cloth, water, amenities and it has reference to sustenance
Corruption – slowed economic progress
Rise of unmanaged population growth – little food, many people to feed
Inflation – lack of materials to produce or the supply
A person or family is considered poor when they are not able to sustain their basic needs, means “isang tuka, isang kahig”
what they have at present cannot last for them to survive and another is, when they are below the poverty threshold,
means the minimum income a family or individual must earn enough to cover their expenses will not be enough, hence,
they are considered poor because of deprivation of basic needs since something is blocking them to meet.
The people in this state are those who cannot live without the help of others. They depend on others in order to live
which made them to be called in a state of extreme poverty. They are absolutely deprived of the basic human needs like
food, shelter, water, cloth and education.
There is a standard set of being poor, called Poverty threshold. If their income does not meet the standard of poverty
threshold, then they are in relative poverty. There are some things that they cannot buy while others take it for granted.
It is a tool used to address the needs of the poor communities and it seeks to empower the local communities to identify
what the problem is and implement the appropriate projects they really need. Empowering them means to take charge of
their own development, increasing their participation in the activities that will benefit them and to improve their life.
It is there to empower local communities. Aid will come but the primary responsible for their own problem is the
community. They will be the one who drive their own development
Producing more without wasting materials, time or energy. It is the ability to get something done with a minimum of
effort. In a nutshell, less cost and more result.
Social enterprises are those whose role is to not benefit only their organization but to maximize helping the society such
as social programs. They exist to maximize enhancement in financial, environmental and social well-being. In simple
words, they take care of their profits while taking care of the society’s well-ibeing. Social enterprises are very important
25. Trading Enterprises
26. Financial Institutions
27. Community
Organizations
28. NGOs and Charities
29. Disaster Risk Reduction
Management
30. Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation
31. Disaster Preparedness
32. Disaster Response
33. Disaster Recovery and
Rehabilitation
34. Migration
to create new, wider and better livelihoods. These social enterprises support the different programs under DSWD such as
SLP for inclusive and sustainable development of the client.
Cooperatives, collectives, and other worker- or employee-owned organizations are examples of trading businesses. In
compared to other business structures, their common ownership structure provides for a better degree of economic
resilience. They are owned, sanctioned and supported by the government.
This term often refers to a place where monetary transactions, such as loans, mortgages, and deposits, are completed
and facilitated. Managing one's income and developing one's financial footing may be done efficiently at financial
institutions.
They are usually membership groups with a specific purpose that trade commercially with the intention of reinvesting
revenues back into the community. They aim to enhance and improve the community’s well-being and as a whole.
NGOs and charities are organizations that work on a big or small scale to promote a certain social, environmental, or
political purpose. The revenues are utilized to promote the institution's social or environmental goals, or to compensate
those who give free services to certain groups of people.
Undeniably, Philippines experiences different natural disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes, floods and more. Hence,
DRRM aims to reduce the damage caused by these natural hazards through prevention, mitigation, transfer and
preparedness. The activities involve have different tasks but one goal and that is, to reduce the possible damage of the
natural hazards.
In this area, the term "avoid" is a necessity. We do this in prevention to avoid the negative effects of hazards and
disasters by taking action ahead of time. Mitigation, on the other hand, refers to steps taken to decrease or restrict the
negative effects of risks and calamities. We work to decrease community vulnerabilities and exposure while also building
community capacity. This may be accomplished through raising public awareness and improving environmental
regulations.
People must be equipped with the necessary information and skills to deal with the hazard and any associated disasters.
This phase aims to develop the capabilities necessary to effectively handle all sorts of emergencies, as well as to foresee,
deal with, and recover from the negative consequences of natural catastrophes.
This will take place as soon as possible after the calamity has occurred in order to save lives. Emergency services and
public aid are provided as quickly as possible to mitigate negative consequences and protect public safety. Furthermore,
this concentrates on the individuals affected's "short term" and "immediate" needs.
This is where we restore and enhance impacted communities' facilities, livelihoods, and living situations. Furthermore, it
is to guarantee that impacted communities or areas may resume functions properly by restoring or rehabilitating
damaged infrastructures.
Migration is moving from one place to another. It does not necessarily mean from country to another country but can
also be within the different places in a certain area. A person can migrate to country, regions, province, city, towns, or
even barangays.
35. Social Marketing
36. Gender and
Development
37. Program Implementation
38. Program Monitoring
39. Program Evaluation
Social marketing influences the behaviours where individuals and community could take benefit from it for the greater
social good. This marketing then encourages social change; it is like selling behaviors that benefits the society. Hence, this
is important to build public policy because they function as a communication arm of our own agency, through this, it will
lead us to social change for the greater good of epople.
When we say gender, it includes men and women so the principle of GAD is the inclusion of both men and women equally
receives opportunities, recognition of roles in the development and access to different services. It is where development
for men and women is perceived as equitable, free from violence, participatory, sustainable, empowering and respect of
rights