Ap Psych CH 14 BIG Review
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The scientific study of the way in which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of one individual are affected by
the real, imagined, or inferred characteristics or behavior of others is known as ________ psychology.
A) cognitive
B) interpersonal
C) environmental
D) social
2) Cognitive social psychologists call ready-made categories concerning people ________.
A) schemata
B) formal operations
C) rationales
D) exemplars
3) The extent to which the first information we receive about someone influences our impression of that person
more than later information is called the ________.
A) recency effect
B) halo effect
C) phi phenomenon
D) primacy effect
4) When the expectations of one person bring about the expected behavior in another person, the expectation
has become a(n) ________.
A) response characteristic
B) primary drive
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) attribution
5) The “Pygmalion Effect” refers to findings that ________.
A) students' expectations of themselves affect their classroom performance
B) teachers' expectations of students affect students' classroom performance
6) A set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a social category is a ________.
A) perception
B) primacy effect
C) stereotype
D) unifying trait
7) A special kind of schema based on almost any distinguishing feature is a ________.
A) stereotype
B) unifying trait
C) primacy effect
D) concept
8) John's friends told him that Mary was the homecoming queen last year. Al's friends told him that Mary was
not invited to any of her friends' parties last year. Both John and Al take Mary out on blind dates. Which of
the following is the MOST likely outcome?
A) Mary will be more friendly toward Al than toward John.
B) Mary will not be friendly to either Al or John.
C) Mary will be more friendly toward John than toward Al.
D) Mary will be very friendly toward both Al and John.
9) Lisa's friends have told her that Virginia is not very popular. Jane's friends have told her that Virginia is well
liked. Both Lisa and Jane are assigned to work with Virginia on a class assignment. Which of the following is
the MOST likely outcome?
A) There is not enough information given in this situation to make a prediction as to who will better like
Virginia.
B) Jane will like Virginia, but Lisa will not.
C) Lisa will like Virginia, but Jane will not.
D) Both Jane and Lisa will like Virginia equally well.
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10) To the extent that a behavior occurs only when a particular event occurs, we tend to attribute the behavior to
that event. This is an example of ________.
A) distinctiveness
B) consensus
C) frequency
D) consistency
11) The extent to which a behavior is the same whenever the presumed cause of the behavior is present affects
our attributions of the behavior. This exemplifies ________.
A) frequency
B) distinctiveness
C) consistency
D) consensus
12) The degree to which other people behave the same way as one person behaves in a situation affects our
attributions of that person's behavior. This is an example of ________.
A) consistency
B) frequency
C) distinctiveness
D) consensus
13) The tendency to give too much emphasis to personal factors when accounting for other people's actions is
called ________.
A) the Peter principle
B) the fundamental attribution error
C) defensive attribution
D) the primacy effect
14) The tendency of people to place too much emphasis on personal factors when accounting for other people's
actions and too little emphasis on personal factors when accounting for our own actions is known as the
________.
A) self-serving bias
B) actor-observer bias
C) recency effect
D) primacy effect
15) The fundamental attribution error is part of the ________.
A) actor-observer bias
C) self-serving bias
B) primacy effect
D) just-world hypothesis
16) The tendency to explain our successes according to our personal abilities and attribute our failures to forces
beyond our control is called the ________.
A) self-serving bias
B) actor-observer effect
C) fundamental attribution error
D) primacy effect
17) A racing driver who wins an important event is MOST likely to attribute her performance to ________.
A) her nearly flawless performance in the event
B) good conditions on the track
C) being very lucky in this particular event
D) errors in judgment by other drivers
18) People tend to choose romantic partners who are ________.
A) much less attractive than they are
B) much more attractive than they are
C) somewhat less attractive than they are
D) similar to themselves in attractiveness
19) The most important factor in interpersonal attraction is usually ________.
A) similarity
B) attractiveness
C) proximity
D) reciprocity
20) Attraction that is based on opposite interests or personality characteristics that balance or complete each
other is called ________.
A) reciprocity
B) complementary traits
C) rewardingness
D) proximity
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21) Sally knows her own mind. She consistently expresses her beliefs and acts on those beliefs with little regard
for the constraints imposed by the situation. She is probably a ________ self-monitor.
A) high
B) low
C) reactive
D) nonreactive
22) Many of our most basic attitudes ________.
A) are inherited
C) are innate
B) come from early, direct personal experience
D) come from what we learn in school
23) The tendency for a person with stereotyped beliefs about a particular group of people to make internal
attributions for their shortcomings and external attributions for their successes is known as the ________.
A) self-serving bias
B) fundamental attribution error
C) actor-observer effect
D) ultimate attribution error
24) Many northern cities in the United States have experienced several waves of immigration, each wave
depositing large numbers of people who soon began competing with already established groups for jobs. The
theory that would BEST explain prejudice against the latest wave of immigrants in these terms would locate
the origin of the prejudice in ________.
A) interpersonal conflict
B) frustration-aggression
C) genetic predisposition
D) stereotyping
25) A personality pattern characterized by rigid conventionality, exaggerated respect for authority, and hostility
toward those who defy society's norms is called a(n) ________ personality.
A) authoritarian
B) dominant
C) reactionary
D) Type A
26) Any group of people who feel a sense of solidarity and exclusivity in relation to nonmembers is a(n)
________.
A) clique
B) in-group
C) out-group
D) cohort
27) Any group of people who are viewed as competitors, enemies, or different and unworthy of respect is a(n)
________.
A) pariah
B) threat-group
C) out-group
D) in-group
28) According to the ________, members of a group see themselves as different from and superior to outsiders.
A) in-group bias
B) self-serving bias
C) ultimate attribution error
D) actor-observer effect
29) One who is unjustly blamed and punished for problems he or she did not cause is a ________.
A) scapegoat
B) bigot
C) pariah
D) victim
30) Which of the following personality types is MOST likely to be prejudiced?
A) authoritarian
B) altruistic
C) intellectual
D) egalitarian
31) The most critical factor in changing attitudes is the ________.
A) medium of the communication
B) source of the message
C) message itself
D) audience's characteristics
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32) Which of the following people is going to be the MOST likely to have his or her attitude changed by a
persuasive message?
A) A person who has a strong commitment to present attitudes, the attitudes are shared by others, and
the attitude was learned in college and young adulthood.
B) A person who has a weak commitment to present attitudes, the attitudes are not shared by others, and
the attitude was learned in college and young adulthood.
C) A person who has a strong commitment to present attitudes, the attitudes are not shared by others,
and the attitude was learned from the family in early childhood.
D) A person who has a weak commitment to present attitudes, the attitudes are shared by others, and the
attitude was learned in college and young adulthood.
33) Which of the following people is going to be the LEAST likely to have his or her attitude changed by a
persuasive message?
A) A person who has a weak commitment to present attitudes, the attitudes are not shared by others, and
the attitude was learned in college and young adulthood.
B) A person who has a strong commitment to present attitudes, the attitudes are shared by others, and
the attitude was learned in college and young adulthood.
C) A person who has a strong commitment to present attitudes, the attitudes are shared by others, and
the attitude was learned from the family in early childhood.
D) A person who has a strong commitment to present attitudes, the attitudes are not shared by others,
and the attitude was learned in college and young adulthood.
34) When listening to persuasive messages, there is a tendency, over time, for people to forget the source while
remembering the content. This is known as ________.
A) Moore's Law
B) the sleeper effect
C) recategorization
D) controlled processing
35) Cognitive dissonance theory was developed by ________.
A) Hall
B) Milgram
C) Kelley
D) Festinger
36) A way to reduce cognitive dissonance is to ________.
A) offer the person a large bribe or reward for engaging in the dissonant behavior
B) decrease the number of consonant elements in a dissonant behavior
C) offer the person a small bribe or reward for engaging in the dissonant behavior
D) make the discrepant behavior occur in such a way that the person feels responsible for it
37) A cultural assimilator teaches by ________.
A) example and explanation
C) brainstorming
B) direct experience
D) role playing
38) To conform is to yield to ________.
A) secondary processes
C) response cues
B) social norms
D) cognitive dissonance
39) Voluntarily yielding to social norms, even at the expense of one's own preference, is called ________.
A) compliance
B) submission
C) conformity
D) obedience
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40) Conformity is a change in behavior ________.
A) in response to spoken or unspoken social norms
B) in response to a specific command
C) in response to a specific request
D) initiated on your own without any prompting from someone else
41) Conformity tends to be higher when a task is ________.
A) clearly defined
C) ambiguous
B) easy
D) moderately difficult
42) Marie recently bought a stereo system that was promoted at an extremely low price by a national chain.
However, she did not realize that the stereo came without many key components that are usually standard
equipment. When she bought all of the usually standard parts, the stereo cost her more than its regular
market price at other stores. She has been a victim of the ________ procedure.
A) door-in-the-face
B) bait and switch
C) foot-in-the-door
D) lowball
43) The tendency of people to comply with a second, lesser request after refusing a first, larger one is called the
________ effect.
A) door-in-the-face
B) foot-in-the-door
C) lowball
D) bait and switch
44) A person asks you to counsel delinquent youths at a detention center for two years. When you refuse, she
then asks you if you could supervise the youths during a trip to the zoo. She is using the ________ effect.
A) primacy
B) door-in-the-face
C) foot-in-the-door
D) lowball
45) ________ is compliance in response to the command from another person, typically in a position of authority.
A) Obedience
B) Conformity
C) Deindividuation
D) Altruism
46) Compliance is a change in behavior ________.
A) in response to unspoken social norms
B) initiated on your own without any prompting from someone else
C) in response to a specific command
D) in response to a specific request
47) The tendency of people to comply with a second, larger request after complying with a first, small request is
called the ________ effect.
A) foot-in-the-door
B) door-in-the-face
C) response cue
D) lowball
48) The most famous study of the foot-in-the-door effect was conducted by ________.
A) Asch
B) Freedman and Fraser
C) Kelley
D) Milgram
49) The person who conducted the most well-known research on obedience is ________.
A) Milgram
B) Kelley
C) Asch
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D) Luchens
50) We are MOST likely to help in an emergency ________.
A) when there are others around who are passive and refuse to get involved
B) if we have no fear of embarrassment from offering assistance that isn't needed
C) if the situation is ambiguous
D) when we feel guilty
51) A person ________ is MOST likely to be altruistic.
A) who fears attention
C) in a good mood
B) in a bad mood
D) who fears ridicule
52) A person is LEAST likely to engage in altruistic behavior if he or she has a ________ fear of embarrassment
and a ________ need for approval.
A) high; low
B) high; high
C) low; low
D) low; high
53) A person is MOST likely to engage in altruistic behavior if he or she has a ________ fear of embarrassment
and a ________ need for approval.
A) low; high
B) high; low
C) high; high
D) low; low
54) The factor most likely to determine whether groupthink becomes a problem for a group is its ________.
A) cohesiveness
B) status
C) intellect
D) size
55) The disastrous decisions made in such historical events as the Watergate cover-up, the Challenger disaster,
and the Bay of Pigs invasion were due primarily to ________.
A) altruism
B) risky shift
C) polarization
D) groupthink
56) According to the ________ theory, leaders are phenomenal people who would have led any nation at any
time in history.
A) great-person
B) royalist
C) elitist
D) common person
57) A noted scientist argues that Ghandi, Roosevelt, Lincoln, and Napoleon were extraordinary individuals who
would probably have emerged as powerful leaders at any time or place in history. This scientist is a
proponent of the ________ theory.
A) genetic endowment
B) common person
C) elitist
D) great-person
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Answer Key
Testname: CH 14 BIG REVIEW
1) D
2) A
3) D
4) C
5) B
6) C
7) A
8) C
9) B
10) A
11) C
12) D
13) B
14) B
15) A
16) A
17) A
18) D
19) C
20) B
21) B
22) B
23) D
24) B
25) A
26) B
27) C
28) A
29) A
30) A
31) D
32) B
33) C
34) B
35) D
36) C
37) A
38) B
39) C
40) A
41) C
42) D
43) A
44) B
45) A
46) D
47) A
48) B
49) A
50) B
51) C
52) A
53) A
54) A
55) D
56) A
57) D
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