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THE CONSTRUCTION OF A 2KVA AUTOMATIC
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (AVR)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certification page
Abstract
Acknowledgement
Dedication
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction to automatic voltage regulator
1.2 Objectives of the project
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Some of the components used
2.2 Resistors
2.3 Capacitors
2.4 Transistors
2.5 Relays
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Basic construction and operation of the automatic
Voltage Regulator AVR
3.1 Components
3.2 Transformers
Circuit diagram of the AVR
3.3 The working principle
3.4 The main function of the AVR
3.5 The need for voltage regulation/stabilization
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Conclusion and recommendation
4.1 Conclusion
4.2 The importance of voltage Regulation
4.3 Recommendation
Reference
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
TO
AUTOMATIC
VOLTAGE
REGULATORS
Automatic voltage regulators (AVR) in power supply unit is a
device which is used to regulate or stabilize electrical power
supply for
electrical
or
electronic appliances. This device
helps automatically to keep the voltage level from the public
power supply system constant. In other words, the minimum
and maximum
ranges
achieve a constant output
These
devices
also
of voltage are maintained in order to
of 220V.
serve
as
a
protective device
for
appliances connected directly to it, while the AVR is connected
directly to the public supply. The protective system
in AVR
either regulate or stabilize it to 220V output for the safety of
our appliances or the fuse in the AVR will rupture by excess
current of the surge and thereby cut-off the incoming
power
supply.
The stabilization and regulation is achieved through the
control circuit which include relays and other components of
various
voltages from the
secondary
winding
of the auto-
transformer used in this project work.
This control circuitry does the work of cut and boost in the
case of higher and lower voltage respectively. If the
supply
voltage drops below 220V down to 180V,the primary control
does the work of the boost which brings the output to normal ,
while when the voltage increases beyond 220V up to
which is not ideal),
260V (
it does the work of cut. The coils of the
relay are triggered by the 11.5V D.C from the last stage of the
operational Amplification. By this arrangement, an improved
automatic voltage regulation is achieved and, is hereby
presented in this project.
Different techniques have been employed in the design
of AVR circuits in recent times but, in the
design and
construction of this particular type, high rise voltage, excess
current due to dangerous condition externally like lightening
effect
which
may appear on the
effectively isolated. The
power supply lines were
system chips
and
fragile
devices
were protected likewise low voltage fluctuations make-brake
power supply from public power supply were taken good care
of in this AVR construction.
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1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT
The automatic voltage regulator of rating 2KVA is a natural
choice for remote control device for the consistent voltage level
fluctuation of our
power supply system. Therefore, we bear
the following in mind as our objective while carrying out this
project;
1).
To fully understand
the automatic means of controlling
and regulating the system, Its practices, design, construction,
operation
and application
in public
electric power system
engineering
2). to test the electric power behavior of systems or appliances
connected to AVR. Also
to perform both
practices
network
computers, televisions, amplifier sets and other sensitive
devices intended to be protected from direct connection to
public electric power supply.
3). to practically engage in and fully understand the AVR
operational modes and technology or configuration in electrical
design and construction
4). To enhance power regulation and stabilization technology
via
automatic voltage
regulation
for our electrical and
electronics appliances due to voltage variation and, incessant
power –fluctuations.