1. A. International relations is equated to current affairs, but the fact is that International
Relations does not make any limit on its scope; instead, it scrutinizes and reflects on the
structures, processes, and actors. It does not rely only on understanding common sense;
rather, it extends beyond to give enough and concrete explanations, interpretations, and
normative analyses.
B. International Relations is assumed that it is reducible to foreign policy analysis.
However, the fact is that foreign policy analysis is only one of the components of IR that
helps in reasoning and provides clear justification to issues and challenges in the
international sphere, hence, not reducible.
2. International Relations are external relations among nations, states, and peoples. It
transcends to the changing status quo, but it never disregards the traditional agenda for a
new schedule has founded, instead supplement it. Additionally, it goes beyond what is
ephemeral because, as the news reported online, it has a different story to tell every day
with other headlines; therefore, international relations is not stagnant but instead gets
what it takes from time to time.
3. When power is accumulated and be used with force, a conflict will coexist. During the
first Indochina war, it was about the most in power colonial rule over the ones less in
influence and government. It is a war of the Viet Mihn against the French colonial
interests. However, the Viet Mihn never ceded but instead retaliated to the extent of what
they had prepared. But we know for a fact that French forces have enough weapons to
counter, and yet the Viet Mihn has only the workforce. Until it came to the point that the
possible made the impossible to counteract with the oppositions because the Viet Mihn
lacked advanced weapons and artilleries, and they had untrained military men who had
little understanding of the military movements and strategies. Another factor that hinders
it is that the more in power gets a triple fold. Therefore, my take on this scenario is to
have an established political ideology that could better fill the country's political gaps.
Ideologies that sets the theories to be applied in the international realm especially when
dealing of global dilemma. Realism could play a vital role in eliminating the anarchic
roots of the problem, replaced with a government and a leader to rule the country—a
leader who has the strategic and tactical mindset to face reality and respond to it.
4. Liberalism
Liberalists essentially believed in constitutionalism, wherein ensuring a person's right to
enjoy life, liberty, and property. It is thought that the best way to get rid of conflict is
through peaceful negotiations, recognizing my right and your right in the international
realm. Thus, a utopian perspective has been followed to not engage in harm and violence.
5. Realism
- Realism as a theory in IR is linked to the idea that the behaviors of human beings
influenced the security of the state; hence, it is accountable to protect the form as noted in
the philosophy of Niccolo Machiavelli. Additionally, realists are pessimistic that they see
wars as inevitable. They came out desirably to confront the conflict, not hiding them.
6. Marxism
Marxists view the world as remarkably critical, stemming from the class struggle
between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Whenever there's a war, elite people would
wage the colonizers to be more in power, while the powerful suppressed and oppressed
the proletariats. Therefore, Marxists recognize the patterns of historical materialism as
necessary to survive life through material conditions.
7. Feminism
- Feminism is a theory that campaigns for gender equality among men and women. Its
lens focused on how to solve disproportion in giving opportunities and incentives to
women, mainly playing as a disadvantage in society.
8. Postmodernism
- Postmodernists see things in a very advanced route of processes, structures, and
systems, otherwise called a product of globalization. In postmodernism, there is a deep
skepticism because it seeks universal truths without objective positions.
9. Constructivism
- Constructivism sees the world and what we can know about the world as socially
constructed. This directs the formation of interests that would eventually invite a single
person to isolate and reflect on the societal problems before jumping to conclusions.
Constructivism allows us to intervene with the people around us to know them better in
terms of their strengths and weaknesses. It is a theory that will encourage our stateleaders to contemplate their roles in the community and society that could mark a
proactive change in the critically diverse society. This is always about our social
transactions with ourselves and the people around us.
10. Theory of global justice
- Thomas Pogge used the theory to determine the problems in the society particularly,
inequalities and injustices, that calls for a global response. An International Relation that
solidifies the ethical norm of which is right and just. Moreover, John Rawls viewed
justice as gaining for fairness. Fairness that everybody can enjoy and be satisfied. Fair
justice gets what the person deserves.