R.V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru
(Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation
Engineering
MINOR PROJECT REPORT
COURSE CODE:16EI73P
TOPIC: MINIATURISATION AND PROTOTYPE MODEL
FOR DETECTION OF OBLITERATION IN LUMBAR LORDOSIS
Under the guidance
Dr. VEENA DIVYA K
Assistant Professor
Department of EIE, RVCE
Dr. VIDYA M J
Proprietrix
GIRITRA SOLUTIONS
(Amrutha Hani)
SUBMITTED BY:
DARSHAN RAJ A S
NIKHIL J V
CHARAN V
VISHWANATH R KOLAKI
1RV16EI016
1RV17EI407
1RV18EI401
1RV18EI411
2021-2022
(ODD SEMESTER)
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
R V college of Engineering Bengaluru-560059
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION
ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work titled “MINIATURISATION AND PROTOTYPE MODEL FOR
DETECTION OF OBLITERATION IN LUMBAR LORDOSIS” carried out by DARSHAN RAJ A S
(1RV16EI016), VISHWANATH R K (1RV18EI411), NIKHIL J V (1RV17EI407), and CHARAN V
(1RV18EI401) who are bonafide students, submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of 7th semester
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Instrumentation of RV College of Engineering®,
Bengaluru, affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2021-22.
It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the
report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirement in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.
Internal Guide
Dr. Veena Divya K
Assistant Professor
Department of EIE, RVCE
Name of the Examiners
1.
2.
Head of Department
Dr. C.H. Renumadhavi
Assistant Professor & HOD
Department of EIE, RVCE
Signature with Date
DECLARATION
We, DARSHAN RAJ A S (1RV16EI016), VISHWANATH R K (1RV18EI411), NIKHIL J V
(1RV17EI407) and CHARAN V (1RV18EI401) the students of 7th semester BE in Electronics and
Instrumentation, RV College of Engineering®, Bengaluru, declare that the Minor Project with title
“MINIATURISATION AND PROTOTYPE MODEL FOR DETECTION OF OBLITERATION
IN LUMBAR LORDOSIS”, has been carried out by us. It has been submitted in partial fulfillment of
the 7th Semester Bachelor of Engineering program in Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering of
RV College of Engineering®, Bengaluru, affiliated to VisvesvarayaTechnological University, Belagavi,
during the academic year 2021-2022. The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted to any
other university or institution for the award of any other degree or diploma.
Date of submission:
Sl. No.
Student Name
01)
DARSHAN RAJ A S
02)
VISHWANATH R K
03)
NIKHIL J V
04)
CHARAN V
Signature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank everyone who made it possible and whose support, encouragement and
guidance have been a continuous source of inspiration through the course of this project.
We thank our internal guide Dr. VEENA DIVYA K, Assistant Professor, Department of
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, R V College of Engineering for the constant
support, encouragement and guidance.
We thank the minor project coordinator, Dr. VIDYA M J, Proprietrix, GIRITRA SOLUTIONS
(Amrutha Hani) for the constant support, encouragement and guidance.
We thank Dr. Padmaja K V, Professor & Associate Dean (EIE), Department of Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering, R V College of Engineering for the constant feedback and support.
We thank Dr. C. H. Renumadhavi, Associate Professor and Head of Department, Department of
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, R V College of Engineering for the constant
support and encouragement.
We thank Dr. K. N. Subramanya, Principal, R V College of Engineering for the constant support.
We would also like to thank all teaching staff and non-teaching staff who have responded to all our
requests and without whom this project would not have been possible to complete.
Finally, we would like to thank one and all involved directly and indirectly in this project.
CONTENTS:
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Introduction .................................................................................................... 3
Literature survey .......................................................................................... 3
Motivation ....................................................................................................... 4
Problem definition .......................................................................................... 4
Objectives ........................................................................................................4
Block diagram .................................................................................................. 4
Technical details ....................................................................................... 5
References...................................................................................................... 6
INTRODUCTION:
The millennial age group (18 to 30 years) spend at least 6 hours sitting, either in college or at
their workspace. High screen time as a routine, is the major cause of numerous spinal problems.
Despite the wide research carried out on postural abnormalities, there exist numerous unrequited
queries with regards to lumbar lordosis estimations, due to indeterminate parameters such as
age, gender, lifestyle, and diet.
This work emphasizes the proficient method by observing the posture of a person for early
detection of obliteration in Lumbar Lordosis and classifying the conditions as obliterated,
exaggerated, or normal according to the obtained values. This further contributes to the
efficient diagnosis and treatment of spine ailments.
LITERATURE SURVEY:
By going through some of the recent papers on Node MCU ESP8266 applications, we grasped
the following information:
Ayesha Samreen et.al [1] designed IoT based Embedded application, a prototype, which is
specifically developed for monitoring toxic gases released by thermal power plants. This system
measures the concentration levels of Carbon Monoxide (CO), Particulate Matter (PM) released
by thermal power plants. Various sensors are used to measure the concentration levels of the
gases. Node MCU is used, to read data from the sensors and send it to the cloud using the
ESP8266 module. The data can be monitored by the environmental agency, either by using a
web application (Thingspeak) or a mobile application (Blynk app).
et.al [2] project was focused to bring agriculture possible irrespective of any seasonal change
since it is very mandatory for any living being to survive. The greenhouse was built using glass
and it could be placed in any location. The power was supplied to the loads from the solar panel
along with the battery and an inverter. All the outputs from the sensors were sent to the
controller (Node MCU ESP 8266), and based on that certain loads were activated through relay
driver.
Here IoT was used such that the values of certain parameters were made to display in a webpage.
Peerasak Serikul et.al [3] In this research, the prototype of a smart capsule was developed to
measure the humidity in paddy bags stored in various locations within a warehouse. This smart
capsule used Node MCU ESP8266 microcontroller and the SHT21 humidity sensor to send data
to the Blynk server over a Wi-Fi network. Arduino IDE was used to write a C++ code for the
microcontroller.
Radovan Stojanovic et.al [4] Paper describes the development of prototype that enables
monitoring of heart rate and inter beat interval for several subjects. The prototype was realized
using ESP8266 hardware modules, WebSocket library, nodejs and JavaScript. Several important
parts of the code are described which illustrate the communication between ESP8266 modules,
server and clients. Developed prototype shows one of the possible realizations of group
monitoring of biomedical data.
Firyal Fadhlannisa et.al [5] This monitoring system is developed for Parkinson's disease patients.
It utilizes NodeMCU as the compiler component and ESP8266 WiFi module and web server.
The data acquired from an arm of a tested person will always be read in real-time and can be
displayed on web-based platform. From the data acquired, they are processed in detail for pattern
characteristics analysis.
Yuan Lukito et.al [6] This paper explains a NodeMCU is used to control a conventional AC
Split device through the network using Wi-Fi connection. In this research, the system is
designed to upgrading the conventional AC Split device without modification the AC Split
device. NodeMCU is connected to IR LED to transmit the IR command and LDR to know the
AC power condition status.
MOTIVATION:
Students and people working in offices spend a lot of time on laptops and cell phones leaning
forward. These practices lead to compression of the cervical spine and thoracic spine. The
survey shows that out of 200 people, 76 percent do not practice good posture.
Among those people, about 90 percent of people experience back pain occasionally or
frequently. This routine of practicing a bad posture unintentionally changes the structure of the
body since, the body starts adapting to it. Bad postural habits lead to the tightening of chest
muscles which ultimately results in an excessively curved back in the thoracic region.
Therefore, this project is intended to develop a smart monitoring system. The purpose of this
project is to enhance the standards of living by providing the necessary support required to
maintain good posture and keep the body mobile.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
A major problem is the lack of resources for people who experience lower back pain.
The main cause is that they don’t sit in the right posture during the majority of the time.
This problem can be avoided by monitoring the sitting position and this in turn will assist in
rectifying the posture. Hence, there is a need for a cost effective device to solve the above
mentioned problem.
.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Miniaturizing the pre-existing prototype model of real time obliteration in lumbar lordosis
detecting ergonomic waistband.
2. To design a model which is highly accurate, simple and cost effective.
3. To develop a user friendly platform to analyze the data in real time coupled with high
efficiency.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
TECHNICAL DETAILS:
a) MPU6050
MPU6050 is a MEMS-based 6-axis motion tracking device. It has an on-chip gyroscope
and accelerometer sensors along with temperature sensor. MPU6050 is a digital device. This
module is of very small in size, has low power consumption requirements, highly accurate, has
high repeatability, high shock tolerance, it has application-specific performance programmability
and low consumer price points. MPU6050 can be easily interfaced with other sensors such
as magnetometers and microcontrollers.
b) Node MCU ESP8266
Node MCU is an open-source Lua based firmware and development board specially targeted
for IoT based Applications. It includes firmware that runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from
Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module.
Node MCU ESP8266 Specifications & Features
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Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106
Operating Voltage: 3.3V
Input Voltage: 7-12V
Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16
Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1
UARTs: 1
SPIs: 1
I2Cs: 1
Flash Memory: 4 MB
SRAM: 64 KB
Clock Speed: 80 MHz
USB-TTL based on CP2102 is included onboard, Enabling Plug n Play
PCB Antenna
Small Sized module to fit smartly inside your IoT projects
REFERENCES:
[1] Samreen, A. , P. Sathish (2019). Low Cost IoT Based Emission Monitoring System for
Thermal Power Plants . IEEE, 5.2019 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing
Technologies (i-PACT)
[2] R.Geethamani, S.Jaganathan (2021) IoT Based Smart Greenhouse for Future using Node MCU.,
IEEE, 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Systems (ICACCS)
[3] Peerasak Serikul, Nuttapun Nakpong, Nitigan Nakjuatong Nitigan Nakjuatong (2018) Smart Farm
Monitoring via the Blynk IoT Platform., IEEE, Sixteenth International Conference on ICT and
Knowledge Engineering
[4] Radovan Stojanović, Andrej Škraba, Andrej Koložvari, Davorin Kofjač (2017)., IEEE,6th
MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON EMBEDDED COMPUTING (MECO), 11-15 JUNE 2017,
BAR, MONTENEGRO
[5] 1stNisrina Firyal Fadhlannisa, Basari. Design of Wireless Electromyography (EMG) Monitoring
System for Muscle Activity Detection on Parkinson Disease (2020).,IEEE, International Conference on
Smart Technology and Applications (ICoSTA)
[6] Laurentius Kuncoro Probo Saputra, Yuan Lukito., Implementation of Air Conditioning Control
System Using REST Protocol Based on NodeMCU ESP8266 (2017),IEEE, 7th International
Conference on Smart Cities, Automation & Intelligent Computing Systems Yogyakarta, Indonesia,
November 08-10, 2017