Name
Date
Hour
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis - Test A
1. The image above (the whole image, not the part labeled “X”) shows the structure of
a. An RNA molecule.
b. A protein.
c. A DNA molecule.
d. An amino acid.
2. In the same image, what does “X” represent?
a. A nucleotide
b. An enzyme
c. Glucose
d. An amino acid
3. List the three parts of a nucleotide found in DNA.
1.
2.
3.
4. What interesting phenomenon happened in Griffith’s experiment?
a. The heat-killed bacteria killed the mouse and the harmless bacteria.
b. The live harmless bacterial transformed into lethal (deadly) bacteria.
c. The live, harmless bacteria killed the mouse.
d. The lethal (deadly bacteria cured the mouse of pneumonia.
5. Because of base pairing in DNA, Chargaff found that the percentage of
a. Adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules.
b. Thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules.
c. Adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules.
d. Cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules.
Name
Dog
Apple
Mosquito
Date
Nitrogenous Bases (%)
A
G
32.6
2.3
Hour
T
C
17.3
42.1
6. The table above shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four bases in the DNA of
several different organisms. Some of the values are missing from the table. Based on Chargaff’s
rule, the percentages of guanine bases in Dog DNA should be around
a. 32.6%
b. 17.3%
c. 34.4%
d. 71%
7. Which two bases pair together in DNA?
a. Adenine and guanine
b. Guanine and thymine
c. Thymine and cytosine
d. Cytosine and guanine
8. Which scientist made X-ray diffraction photos of DNA?
a. Franklin
b. Chargaff
c. Watson
d. Avery
9. Which of the following forms a base pair with thymine?
a. Deoxyribose
b. Adenine
c. Guanine
d. Cytosine
10. Watson and Crick discovered the “twisty ladder” shape of the DNA molecule through their
understanding of chemistry. They called this shape
a. Parallel shaping
b. Double helix
c. DNA Polymerase
d. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
11. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the
bases
a. AGCTTG
b. TCGAAC
c. GATCCA
d. GAUCCA
Name
Date
Hour
12. In the image above, what nucleotide is the thymine shown going to be added to at point “1” ?
a. Cytosine
b. Adenine
c. Thymine
d. Guanine
13. DNA makes a good molecule for storing information because
a. Each type of base can only join with one other base, so it easy to replicate and highly
unlikely to get mistakes.
b. Each type of base can pair with any other base, so it is very easy to put together different
pieces.
c. The double strand gives extra room for lots of information, so that the total information in
the cell can increase with each cell division.
d. None of these. DNA is actually very poorly suited for the purpose of storing cellular
information, but it’s the best we’ve got.
Name
Dog
Apple
Mosquito
Date
Nitrogenous Bases (%)
A
G
32.6
2.3
Hour
T
C
17.3
42.1
14. Based on the data in the table above, what percentage of the bases should be guanine in the
Mosquito?
15. Which of the following groups are all chemicals found in both DNA and RNA?
a. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
b. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
c. ribosomes, guanine, and cytosine
d. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
Figure 13–1
16. Which nucleotide in Figure 13–1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA?
a. uracil
c. cytosine
b. guanine
d. adenine
17. What is produced during transcription?
a. mRNA molecules
b. DNA molecules
c. tRNA molecules
d. proteins
18. During transcription, the molecule that is formed is
a. complementary to both strands of DNA.
b. identical to an entire single strand of DNA.
c. double-stranded and inside the nucleus.
d. complementary to part of one strand of DNA.
19. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide
depends on the
a. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA.
b. anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.
c. anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA.
d. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.
Name
Date
Hour
20. During protein synthesis
a. Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus.
b. Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.
c. Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleus.
d. Transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.
Essay
21. According to Figure 13-3, what codons specify for
Tryptophan?
22. Tell the amino acid that is specified by ACU.
Figure 13–3
23. Since this is an mRNA chart, what tRNA anti-codon would you find carrying Methionine?
24. Describe the function of mRNA and tRNA. (2 pts.)
25. Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis. (Tell the story, one step at a time!) (5 pts.)
Name
Date
Hour
Using Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
Figure 13–5
26. What is the name for structure E in Figure 13–5? What is it “made of?” In other words, what
chemical is it? (2 pts.)
27. What process is the letter “Y” indicating?
28. On the next page, complete the process of protein synthesis and list all of the amino acids in the
resulting protein. (6 pts.)
Name
Date
Hour
DNA:
T
A
C
G
C
T
G
A
C
A
C
C
T
T
G
G
A
G
T
mRNA:
tRNA:
Amino Acids:
mRNA Universal Genetic Code Chart
C
T
A
T
C