Gerunds vs. Infinitives
What are we going to do today?
► Gerunds
– formation and usage
► Infinitives – usage
► Review
► Practice
A Bad Student’s Letter
A Bad Student’s Letter
I really hate studying. Reading books is such a
boring thing. Sometimes I just get tired of sitting
in the classroom.
I don’t enjoy listening to the teachers – they
just keep talking nonsense all the time. It’s no use
going to school, after all. Not going to school
leaves a lot of time to do what you want.
In fact, I am always busy doing something
nicer – playing games, for example.
A Bad Student’s Letter
I really hate studying. Reading books is such a
boring thing. Sometimes I just get tired of sitting
in the classroom.
I don’t enjoy listening to the teachers – they
just keep talking nonsense all the time. It’s no use
going to school, after all. Not going to school
leaves a lot of time to do what you want.
In fact, I am always busy doing something
nicer – playing games, for example.
Gerund - formation
verb + ING
go – going
play- playing
see- seeing
►
Verbs ending in IE – Y
tie – tying
die – dying
lie – lying
• Verbs ending in– drop E
write – writing
have – having
make – making
* exceptions BE and double E
(see, agree…)
• N.B.
get-getting
set-setting
•
Gerund
No smoking.
- Start reading.
- I like dancing.
- Swimming is hard for kids.
Negative: Not eating is dangerous.
-
Gerund - usage
English sentence word order
S P O
subject predicate object
► S:
Dancing is fun.
► O: I enjoy dancing.
Pre-test – Make Gerunds!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(have) brothers is a good thing.
I hate (watch) TV in the morning.
She is afraid of (lose) her boyfriend.
(not, work) means no money at all.
He started (get) weight last year.
(be) alone is not easy.
I am thinking about (move).
Pre-test – Make Gerunds!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Having brothers is a good thing.
I hate watching TV in the morning.
She is afraid of losing her boyfriend.
Not working means no money at all.
He started getting weight last year.
Being alone is not easy.
I am thinking about moving.
When to use Gerunds?
Subject/object.
2. After phrases: enjoy,
avoid, finish, keep,
suggest, mind,
appreciate, continue,
practise, prevent,
consider...
3. After prepositions
(IN, ON, AT, FROM,
BY, TO...)
1.
Reading is fun./ I like reading.
She enjoys travelling.
I must keep going.
They suggested talking about it.
My boss considers leaving the firm.
He was accused of stealing the
money.
I am interested in appying for the
post.
Forgive me for talking like this.
When to use Gerunds?
4. After the phrases:
-
look forward to * We look forward to hearing from you soon.
no use * There’s no use crying over spilt milk.
no worth * It’s no worth studying a night before the exam.
no point in *There’s no point in sitting in front of TV at all.
can’t stand *I can’t stand waiting in lines!
can’t help *I can’t help falling in love with you!
be busy + activity *We were busy cleaning the flat.
go + activity *She went hiking with her friends.
feel like *I feel like having a beer!
Infinitive
Infinitive - formation
► to
dance, to read, to sleep, to go
► BARE (goli) infinitive dance, read, sleep, go
► Negative – not to dance, not to read
► Usually
expresses PURPOSE:
I want to dance now.
She needs to study more.
I must go home.
Infinitives - usage
1. After verbs of PURPOSE: (want, wish, plan, tend,
offer, decide, wait, promise)
I plan to get married this year.
2. After VERBS: agree, expect, hope, refuse...
She refused to show me the bill.
3. After ADJECTIVES: He is too young to be the
boss.
4. After superlatives/numbers: I am the best/the first
to come.
BARE Infinitive
1. After MODALA:
She will come tonight.
She should be on time.
2. In expressions: She made me do it. (force
SB to)
They let us go. (pustiti)
SURPRISE! – There’s more!
•
After LOVE, LIKE,
HATE
•
After LOVE, LIKE,
HATE
I love dancing.
I hate studying.
I love to dance in the rain.
I hate to study at
weekends.
GERUND - generally
INFINITIVE – in special
situations
Different meaning!
(match the photo with the correct sentence)
I stopped to smoke.
I stopped smoking.
Different meaning!
I forgot to send the
letters to the post
office.
I forgot sending the
letters last week.
Let’s do some revision!
►
GERUND (-ING)
►
INFINITIVE (to…)
1.
2.
Subject/object
After PREPOSITIONS (in,
on,at)
After VERBS enjoy,
1.
2.
Purpose
After VERBS expect, hope,
plan, wish, agree
After ADJECTIVES (big,
nice)
After
NUMBERS/SUPERLATIVES
3.
4.
suggest, avoid, keep,
continue
After EXPRESSIONS no
use, feel like, no point,
be busy…
3.
4.
* After MODALS – bare
infinitive
Practice – Underline the correct one!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I enjoy watching/to watch TV.
Maria plans going/to go on holiday soon.
Sorry, I must going/to go/go now.
Oh, I feel like having/to have a beer!
He is so proud of being/to be helpful.
Please, let me helping/to help/help you!