Agriculture
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LEARNING CONTENTS
Agriculture
Planting
Planting
1. Types of Plants

Plants are living things that get their food from
sunlight. They do not move around like animals. They
are fixed to the earth.

Planting is the process of putting plant seeds, bulbs, or
sprouts in soil to allow them to grow up.

There are two main groups of plants – garden plants
and crop plants.

Garden plants are plants that people take care of in
their gardens. They need to be taken care of by
having the soil prepared, being fertilsed, watered,
weeded, ensuring they are free of pests.
Garden plants can be put into flowering plants and
foliage plants.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.
Fruit plants

Fruit plants are grown so we can harvest their
fruit. They are usually long-lived perennial
plants like mangoes, rambutans, tangerines,
pomelos, durians, and mangosteens.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.
2. Flowering plants
FLOWERING PLANTS PROVIDE BEAUTIFUL AND COLOURFUL FLOWERS WHICH ARE
USED TO DECORATE SPACES SUCH AS GARDENS, PARKS, AND HOUSES. SOME HAVE
A NICE SMELL. FOR EXAMPLE, ROSES, MARIGOLDS, AND ORCHIDS.
3. Foliage
Plants

Foliage plants are
those plants that are
grown because they
have a nice shape or
have colourful stems
or leaves. These plants
and shrubs include
different types of
ferns, palms, and
bamboos.
Vegetable Plants

Vegetable plants are plants that are grown
so we can eat various parts of the plant, such
as the roots, stems, leaves, or bulbs. Most
vegetables are seasonal and grow quickly,
but do not last long, such as lettuce, kale,
morning glory, cucumbers, and pumpkins.
There are also perennial vegetable plants like
stink bean, acacia, sauropods, and
bergamot.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.
Crop plants

Crop plants are fast
growing plants that are
grown on a large scale.
They require less care
than garden plants.
Most grow for two to
twelve months. They
are an important
economic resource
and are locally or
overseas. They include
rice, corn, sugarcane,
beans, cotton and
cassava.
1. Planting

There are different ways for
plants to be grown. Usually they
are grown in soil because of the
ease of planting and caring for
them. They can be grown in
large areas of soil or in pots. They
can also be grown in water –
hydroponics.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.
Procedures for
growing plants in
soil.

Selecting seeds or other parts of the
plants to be planted.

Seeds should be taken from full
healthy pods. They shouldn't be too
old, or too young. They need to be
healthy and free from disease and
be free from insect damage.

Cuttings should be the right age.
They need to be healthy and strong
and without signs of damage from
disease or insects.

Other parts of a plant such tubers or
roots also need to be strong and
healthy. They need to free from
disease and damage from insects.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
2. Soil
Preparation
1 unit of
loose soil
1 unit of
compost
1 unit of
manure
is the process of getting
the soil ready for
planting to enable
plants to grow quickly
and provide good
products. Different areas
have different types of
soil. This needs to be
taken into consideration
when preparing the soil
for planting. It will
determine how much
manure or other type of
preparation needs.
Planting is the procedure where seeds, cuttings,
or other parts of plants are placed in the
prepared soil. The method of planting will vary
according to what is being planted. Some
seeds can be scattered, and others can be
buried at certain depths.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.
Caring for the plants as they grow. They will need water,
fertilizer, and weeding.
Watering needs to be exact. Not too much water or the roots
will rot, and not too little, or they will die. The amount depends
on the crop that has been planted and the soil it has been
planted in.
Hoeing is the process of loosening the soil around a plant's
roots with a hoe so they can absorb water and nutrients. A
trowel can be used for smaller plots.
Fertilizing is the process of supplying the plants with the food
they require. The type will depend on the plant. It comes in a
dry mix, or some are liquid-based.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

Weeding is done to remove the competition
for nutrients and water. It can be done by
hand, machines, or with chemicals. It should
be done before fertilizing to enable the crop
to gain the most from it.

Pesticides are chemicals that are used to
remove pests to prevent them from
damaging the plants. Herb extracts can
sometimes be used. It is also possible to
remove some pests by hand.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.
Harvesting is the process of
collecting the crop grown. There are various
methods of harvesting, and it is dependent
on the crop being harvested.



Harvesting by hand may be done
with herbs.
Harvesting with small tools may be
done with small plots.
Harvesting with machinery may be
done on larger plots.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
Hydroponics is a relatively new way of growing plants without the need for soil. It requires less insecticide
and less pesticide so it is better for the environment and possibly better for human consumption. It is an
efficient method of water utilization and requires minimum fertilization.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.