Chapter 03 Meiosis, Development and Aging Multiple Choice Questions 1. The first cell that leads to development of a new individual forms when A. mitosis occurs. B. meosis occurs. C. a sperm and an oocyte join. D. a haploid cell and a diploid cell join. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system Section: 2. The _____ are the male gonads. A. scrotum B. testes C. urethra D. penis Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system Section: 3. The female sex cells develop in paired organs in the abdomen called _____. A. ovaries B. oocytes C. vagina D. clitoris Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system Section: 4. The male and female reproductive systems of an adult each include A. gonads, tubes, gametes, hormones and secretions. B. ambiguous structures that give rise to male or female structures at puberty. C. spermatids, polar bodies, and oocytes. D. 200 to 600 million spermatocytes and a few thousand oocytes. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system Section: 5. Which of the following structures is unpaired? A. seminal vesicle B. ovary C. bulbourethral gland D. prostate gland Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. Section: 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system 6. A bulbourethral gland secretes A. sperm. B. a mucus-like fluid. C. blood. D. saliva. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. Section: 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system 7. Which is a characteristic of seminal fluid? is acidic. C. A. It consists of sperm and secretions. It travels through the large intestine to the anus. D. It is free of prostaglandins and nutrients. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. Section: 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system B. It 8. The number of sperm cells in an ejaculation averages A. 2,000 to 6,000. B. 20,000 to 60,000. C. 200 to 600 million. D. 200 to 600 billion. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system 9. The female gonads are the Section: A. ovaries. B. oocytes. C. uterus. D. labia. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system Section: 10. The ovary of a newborn girl houses about _____ primary oocytes. rev: 02_03_2014_QC_44307 A. 1,000 B. 10,000 C. 100,000 D. 1,000,000 Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system Section: 11. The ovary in an adult contains A. seminal vesicles. B. many oocytes in various stages of maturity. C. many sperm in various stages of maturity. D. a number of mature oocytes equal to 100 minus the woman's age. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. Section: 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system 12. The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the A. cervix. B. labia. C. rectum. D. ovary. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system Section: 13. Spermatocytes and oocytes are called A. grommets. B. marmites. C. gametes. D. gonads. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01 Describe the structures of the male and female reproductive systems. 03.01 Topic: The reproductive system Section: 14. During the first meiotic division A. sperm and oocytes form. B. homologous chromosome pairs separate. C. homologous chromosome pairs join. D. the cell becomes diploid. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.03 Summarize the events of meiosis. Section: 03.02 Topic: Meiosis and 15. Meiosis is necessary because otherwise A. the fertilized ovum will have too much genetic material. B. the fertilized ovum will have too little genetic material. C. reproduction would have to be asexual. D. too many mutations will occur. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Meiosis and gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.02 Explain why meiosis is necessary to reproduce. Section: 03.02 Topic: 16. The correct sequence for the steps of meiosis I is A. telophase-anaphase-metaphase-prophase B. 46 chromosomes, 23 chromosomes, then 46 chromosomes C. prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase D. anaphase-metaphase-propha se-telophase Bloom's Level: 02. Understand gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.03 Summarize the events of meiosis. 17. Synapsis occurs during I. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember maturation A. prophase I. B. metaphase I. Learning Outcome: 03.03 Summarize the events of meiosis. Section: 03.02 Topic: Meiosis and C. anaphase I. Section: 03.02 D. telophase Topic: Meiosis and gamete 18. The number of possible chromosome combinations in a human gamete, considering independent assortment but not crossing over, is about A. 8. B. 800. C. 80,000. D. 8 million. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember maturation Learning Outcome: 03.03 Summarize the events of meiosis. Section: 03.02 Topic: Meiosis and gamete 19. Amanda is curious to know how many chromosomes are in each somatic cell of a chicken she was relishing. She looks it up and finds that it has 78 chromosomes. Therefore, a sperm or an unfertilized egg from a chicken would contain _____ chromosomes. A. 23 B. 39 C. 46 D. 78 Bloom's Level: 03. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.03 Summarize the events of meiosis. maturation 20. Spermatocytes and oocytes are A. haploid. B. diploid. C. polyploidy. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember maturation A. prophase I. Topic: Meiosis and gamete D. aneuploid. Learning Outcome: 03.03 Summarize the events of meiosis. 21. Crossing over occurs during II. D. metaphase II. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand gamete maturation Section: 03.02 Section: 03.02 B. metaphase I. Learning Outcome: 03.03 Summarize the events of meiosis. Topic: Meiosis and gamete C. prophase Section: 03.02 Topic: Meiosis and 22. At the end of meiosis, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is halved because meiosis has A. two cell divisions and no DNA replication. B. two cell divisions, but one DNA replication. C. one cell division and two DNA replications. D. one cell division and one DNA replication. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.03 Summarize the events of meiosis. Section: 03.02 Topic: Meiosis and Learning Outcome: 03.03 Summarize the events of meiosis. Section: 03.02 Topic: Meiosis and 23. After meiosis I, the number of chromosomes is _____ that of a somatic cell. A. half B. double C. the same as D. quadruple Bloom's Level: 02. Understand gamete maturation 24. After the second meiotic division, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is _____ that of the original parental cell. A. half B. double C. the same as D. quadruple Bloom's Level: 02. Understand gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.03 Summarize the events of meiosis. Section: 03.02 Topic: Meiosis and 25. The number of sperm cells that form from a primary spermatocyte is A. 2. B. 4. C. 16. D. 100. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember and gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.04 List the steps in sperm and oocyte formation. Section: 03.03 Topic: Meiosis Section: 03.03 Topic: Meiosis 26. The head of a sperm contains the A. cell membrane. B. cytoskeleton. C. DNA. D. testosterone. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember and gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.04 List the steps in sperm and oocyte formation. 27. The stem cells from which sperm cells descend are called A. spermatogonia. B. secondary spermatocytes. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember and gamete maturation C. spermatids. Learning Outcome: 03.04 List the steps in sperm and oocyte formation. D. patagonia. Section: 03.03 Topic: Meiosis 28. Primary spermatocytes develop from the division of spermatocytes. C. spermatogonia. D. somatic cells Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Meiosis and gamete maturation A. male gametes. Learning Outcome: 03.04 List the steps in sperm and oocyte formation. B. secondary Section: 03.03 Topic: 29. During meiosis II in sperm development A. primary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form diploid secondary spermatocytes. B. secondary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form haploid spermatids. C. spermatids divide meiotically to form haploid spermatozoa. D. sperm and oocyte meet and merge. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Meiosis and gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.04 List the steps in sperm and oocyte formation. 30. The female gamete just before it is fertilized is termed oogonium. C. a zygote. D. a reprocyte. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember and gamete maturation Section: 03.03 A. a secondary oocyte. Learning Outcome: 03.04 List the steps in sperm and oocyte formation. Section: 03.03 Topic: B. an Topic: Meiosis 31. In the first step in oogenesis A. a primary oocyte divides to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body. B. an oogonium accumulates cytoplasm and DNA replicates. C. a stem cell divides to yield an oogonium and a spermatogonium. D. an oocyte divides to yield two polar bodies. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Meiosis and gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.04 List the steps in sperm and oocyte formation. 32. A normal oogonium is a(n) _______ cell. A. diploid B. aneuploid C. polyploid Bloom's Level: 01. Remember and gamete maturation Section: 03.03 Topic: D. triploid Learning Outcome: 03.04 List the steps in sperm and oocyte formation. Section: 03.03 Topic: Meiosis 33. By the end of meiosis I of oogenesis, an oogonium becomes A. an ovum and a tropical body. B. a secondary oocyte and a polar body. C. two polar bodies of equal size. D. two diploid cells. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Meiosis and gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.04 List the steps in sperm and oocyte formation. Section: 03.03 Topic: 34. Meiosis in females A. is completed only if an oocyte is fertilized. B. results in large, mature polar bodies. C. is completed with the production of one or two oocytes every month before ovulation. D. is completed before birth. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Meiosis and gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.04 List the steps in sperm and oocyte formation. Section: 03.03 Topic: 35. The zona pellucida is A. a protective layer around the secondary oocyte. B. a protective layer around the sperm. C. a bump on the head of a sperm that contains enzymes. D. the biggest constriction of a chromosome. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand gamete maturation Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Meiosis and 36. Sperm undergo capacitation A. in the testicles as sperm develop. B. in the woman's body. C. just after the second polar body is ejected. D. immediately following a sperm's penetration of an oocyte. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 37. _____ prepares sperm for penetration of the oocyte. A. Capacitation B. Differentiation C. Meiosis D. Frenulation Bloom's Level: 01. Remember development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. 38. The nuclei from the approaching sperm and egg are called Pronuclei C. gametocytes. D. gametes. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember development and birth defects Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal A. mononuclei. Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. B. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 39. Fertilization usually occurs in the A. ovary. B. uterine tube. C. uterus. D. endometrium (uterine lining). Bloom's Level: 01. Remember development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. 40. Human prenatal development takes _____ weeks. A. 32 B. 38 C. 44 D. 52 Bloom's Level: 01. Remember development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. 41. Connective tissues are part of the primordial embryo's A. mesoderm. B. endoderm. C. ectoderm. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal D. epidermis. Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 42. The hormone measured in a pregnancy test is A. progesterone. B. hCG. C. ADH. D. testosterone. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 43. Blastocyst cells that give rise to the embryo's body constitute the A. blastomere. B. inner cell mass. C. outer cell mass. D. mesoderm. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 44. The placenta A. is where blood cells form before the fetus has bone marrow. B. nourishes the fetus and secretes hormones that maintain the pregnancy. C. is a membrane surrounding the embryo that gives rise to the blood vessels in the umbilical cord. D. is the membrane that contains the fetus. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 45. Which of the following is true about the fetal stage of development? A. The organ systems initially form, and then grow. B. The head is disproportionately small at the beginning of the stage. C. It comes after the embryonic period. D. It consists of the first three months of the pregnancy. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 46. Which structures are part of the same primary germ layer? A. skin, tooth dentin, tonsils B. muscle, kidneys, dermis C. bones, blood, thyroid gland D. uterus, bladder, pituitary gland Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 47. Latika and Jeremiah are thrilled at the ultrasound scan that shows that their fetus appears to be a boy. It is the first time this has shown up on a scan. Latika is likely in her ___ week of pregnancy. A. sixth B. twelfth C. twentieth D. thirtieth Bloom's Level: 03. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. development and birth defects Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 48. Tanisha and Tawanda are twins but do not look alike. They are the result of fertilization of A. one oocyte by two sperm cells. B. two oocytes by one sperm cell. C. two oocytes by two sperm cells. D. one oogonium by one spermatogonium. Bloom's Level: 03. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. development and birth defects Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 49. A blastomere is a _____ and a blastocyst is _____. A. fetal organ produced by cleavage; an embryonic organ produced by cleavage B. fetal membrane; an embryonic membrane C. cell produced by cleavage; a hollow ball of cells D. solid ball of cells; three-layered embryo Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 50. The inner cell mass A. helps form the amnion. B. becomes the fetus. the embryo. D. is derived from the male genome only. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Topic: Prenatal C. gives rise to Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 51. The primary germ layers develop from the A. blastocyst . B. embryonic disc. C. uterus. D. morula. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. 52. The major body part(s) derived from ectoderm is/are A. the nervous system and skin. B. bone tissue. C. the respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and urethra. D. the liver and pancreas. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 53. Body parts derived from endoderm include A. epidermis and dermis of the skin as well as hair and nails. B. the urinary bladder epithelium, pancreas, and digestive tract lining. C. all connective tissues, including blood, bone, and cartilage. D. the linings of the blood vessels, trachea, and body cavities. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 54. Body parts derived from mesoderm are the A. muscle tissue, bone tissue, and internal reproductive organs. B. epidermis, hair, nails, and glands of skin. C. respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and urethra. D. pancreas, kidneys, and lymphatic vessels. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 55. The partial twinning that led to the births of conjoined twins Abby and Brittany Hensel must have happened during the first two weeks of gestation, because the girls A. share tissues that descend from ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. B. share only tissues derived from mesoderm. C. were born on time. D. have two separate nervous systems. Bloom's Level: 03. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. development and birth defects 56. The allantois A. destroys old blood cells. blood cells. D. is part of the placenta. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember development and birth defects Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal B. gives rise to the yolk sac. Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 C. forms Topic: Prenatal 57. Amniotic fluid A. absorbs wastes the fetus excretes. B. protects the embryo against jarring movements. C. prevents the fetus from becoming thirsty. D. is a fetal form of blood. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 58. An embryo develops rudiments of all organs by week _____ of prenatal development. A. 8 B. 4 C. 6 D. 3 Bloom's Level: 01. Remember development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 59. Two oocytes released from the same ovary at the same time and fertilized by two sperm results in A. monozygotic twins. B. dizygotic twins. C. blighted ova. D. cloned embryos. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand development and birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.05 Describe early prenatal development. Section: 03.04 Topic: Prenatal 60. Which of the following characteristics of the fetus distinguishes it from the embryo? A. Blood cells form and fill primitive blood vessels. B. The primitive streak appears. C. Bone replaces the softer cartilage. D. The specialization of one group of cells causes adjacent groups of cells to specialize. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.06 Explain how the embryo differs from the fetus. Prenatal development and birth defects Section: 03.04 Topic: 61. The critical period is A. the time during which a sperm can fertilize an oocyte. B. the time during which an embryo can implant in the uterine lining. C. the time during development when structures are sensitive to damage from a mutation, toxin, or virus. D. the labor period. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.07 Define critical period. Section: 03.05 Topic: Prenatal development and 62. Teratogens are substances that A. cause birth defects. B. protect against infection. C. prevent accumulation of cholesterol. D. cause genetic disease. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.08 List some teratogens. Section: 03.05 Topic: Prenatal development and 63. Monica takes the drug Accutane throughout her pregnancy, and her child has mental retardation and heart problems, due to the exposure. Accutane is a(n) A. mutagen. B. teratogen. C. pregnancy modifier. D. carcinogen. Bloom's Level: 03. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.08 List some teratogens. defects Section: 03.05 Topic: Prenatal development and birth 64. The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include A. impaired intellect. nipple. C. accelerated growth. D. webbing between the toes. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand birth defects Learning Outcome: 03.08 List some teratogens. Section: 03.05 B. an extra Topic: Prenatal development and 65. Thalidomide is A. a drug that causes fetal limb defects, but is used to treat leprosy. B. a drug that causes mental retardation in fetuses, but is used to treat acne. type of bacterial infection. D. a vitamin that harms fetuses in megadoses. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember defects Learning Outcome: 03.08 List some teratogens. C. a Section: 03.05 Topic: Prenatal development and birth 66. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy can cause A. spontaneous abortion, prematurity, low birth weight, and stillbirth. B. diabetes and hypertension later in the life of the offspring. C. lung cancer in the fetus. D. large fetal size and hypertension in the woman. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember defects Learning Outcome: 03.08 List some teratogens. Section: 03.05 Topic: Prenatal development and birth 67. Centenarians are A. segmented worms. B. people in the military. C. people who live past 100 years. D. people who die just before their 100th birthday. E. people who live past 90. Bloom's Level: 01. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.10 Explain how rapid aging disorders occur. Section: 03.06 Topic: Aging 68. Starvation in the uterus increases the risk in adulthood of developing A. heart and blood vessel disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. B. severe underweight or overweight. C. eating disorders and social anxiety disorder. D. post traumatic stress disorder and hearing loss. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Aging Learning Outcome: 03.09 Describe common disorders that begin in adulthood. Section: 03.06 Topic: 69. The reason that starvation during prenatal development raises the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic problems in adulthood is that A. starvation before birth and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders are all caused by a single mutation. B. metabolism in the fetus shifts to preserve vital organs, accelerating weight gain in childhood. C. lack of nutrients damages the heart in the uterus. D. the child remembers the lack of nutrition in the uterus and eats too much. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Aging Learning Outcome: 03.09 Describe common disorders that begin in adulthood. Section: 03.06 Topic: 70. A single-gene disease that can cause symptoms in a fetus is A. Huntington disease. B. Alzheimer disease. C. malaria. D. osteogenesis imperfecta. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.10 Explain how rapid aging disorders occur. Section: 03.06 Topic: Aging 71. Erica is 8 years old, but looks as if she is 80. She is thin, with a beaked nose, very little hair, and several diseases that are typically seen in the elderly. She is most likely to have A. a segmental progeroid syndrome. B. a clotting disorder. C. osteogenesis imperfecta. D. Werner syndrome. Bloom's Level: 03. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.10 Explain how rapid aging disorders occur. Section: 03.06 Topic: Aging 72. Current thinking about the cause of Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome, which is a severe segmental progeroid syndrome, is that A. the body is unable to secrete insulin. B. the part of the brain that controls aging is damaged. C. abnormal lamin A protein stresses the nuclear membrane, disturbing DNA repair such that mutations accumulate that cause the diseases of aging. D. a protein called progerin forms clumps in the brain in a way that removes DNA from the tips of telomeres, shortening chromosomes and lifespan. Bloom's Level: 02. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.10 Explain how rapid aging disorders occur. 73. The sirtuin, resveratrol, is a natural component of meat C. cigarette smoke D. red wine Bloom's Level: 01. Remember A. turtle soup Learning Outcome: 03.10 Explain how rapid aging disorders occur. Section: 03.06 Topic: Aging B. owl Section: 03.06 Topic: Aging