1
Chapter 3
Methodology
This
chapter
description,
presents
hardware
the
research
fabrication
and
design,
project
assembly,
system
algorithm, testing and operation, and evaluation procedure.
Research Design
This study is a developmental research which aims to
design and develop a mini hydroelectric screw turbine. The
system is composed of DC Motor generator that is the main
part in generating electricity; Archimedes screw turbine that
rotates and acts as the driving force of the DC generator;
Lock out system with remote control that allows and prevents
the entry of flowing water whenever lighting and electricity
is not needed.
Project Description
The project will be placed in one of the cottages in
Cabas-an Cold Spring where there is no electricity in each
cottages. The strong and consistent current of water will be
the
main
input
in
order
for
the
device
to
function
efficiently. When the flow of water enters the device, the
Archimedes screw turbine that is chained with the DC motor
generator
will
create
a
rotating
motion,
causing
the
2
generation of electricity in the DC motor. A step down module
will regulate the voltage coming from the 24V DC motor to
14V. An overcharge controller will be used to keep the battery
from
overcharging
by
the
regulating
voltage
and
current
coming from the DC motor.
A lock system with a remote control will be used in order
to close the entry whenever electricity is not needed. This
will help to prolong the lifespan of the components by not
using it all of the time. An inverter will be used in order
to change the direct current (DC) coming from the 12V battery
to alternating current (AC) that will be supplied to the loads
connected.
Five 5w LED AC lights will be used as the loads to
provide lighting in the Cabas-an Cold Spring cottages.
3
Figure 2 shows the system block diagram.
Figure 2. System Block Diagram
The Archimedes Screw Turbine
The 24V, 350 Watts DC motor generator will be connected
to Archimedes screw turbine then the output of motor will
based on the efficiency and rotational speed of screw turbine.
The output of motor will be connected to LM2596 DC-DC Step
down power supply module and connected to XH-M603 battery
charge controller. These output will charge a 12V battery .
The 12 volts battery will supply the 12v electric motor
and will be controlled by a remote to open or block the flow
of water entering the device.
The output from 12V battery will change to 220V AC by a
500 watts inverter in order supply the AC loads.
4
A 15 ampere breaker will be connected after it change
from dc to ac voltage. This will protect the device from short
circuit.
The 5 volts solar panel will serve as the sensor for
smart lighting. This 5 volts solar panel will be connected to
a 5V 5 pins SRA-05VDC relay.
Figure 3 shows the project’s schematic diagram.
Figure 3. Project’s Schematic Diagram
Hardware Fabrication and Assembly
All
assembled
of
and
installation.
the
project
tested
for
components
its
will
functionality
be
purchased,
before
final
5
Steel frame
A steel frame will be used as the foundation of the
project. It will be measured precisely to assure the efficient
and smooth operation of all the components. The quality of
the work is important for it is where all the components will
be attached.
Archimedes Screw Turbine
The screw turbine will be made up of high quality PVC
pipe. It is designed accurately to operate smoothly and
efficiently through the flowing water. It will be having a
chain ring on one end and will be chained with the DC motor.
It is important that the rotational movement of the turbine
goes frictionless in order for the DC Motor to function
properly.
Wiring of the components
Wirings
that
connects
the
DC
motor,
the
step-down
module, the battery charge controller, the 12V battery, the
inverter, the breaker, and the loads will be accurately
connected to other wirings to ensure proper functioning. The
sizes of the wires will be based on the value of each
component.
6
Installation of the Project in Cabas-an Cold Spring
The project will be placed beside of one of the cottages
in the Cabas-an Cold Spring. It will be firmly placed to
ensure that the strong flow water will not destroy the
project. To keep the DC motor from becoming wet, it will be
encased. Same goes to the wiring, it will be placed safely
above water level.
Installation of Solar panel as the sensor for Smart Lighting
The five 5W LED lights will be placed appropriately
inside the cottages and its surrounding. The 5V solar panel
will serve as the sensor for the LED lights. When the sensor
will
no
more
detect
direct
sunlight,
it
will
open
the
connection which will turn on the lights.
System’s Algorithm
Figure 4 shows the device algorithm where the following
functionalities will be tested: (a) flow of water can make
the archimedes screw rotate (b) remotely block the flow of
water if the device didn’t use (c) remotely open the flow of
water if the device is needed (d) ac led light turn off in
daylight (e) ac led light automatically turn on at night.
The flow of water is used to rotate the archimedes screw
then it is connected to a dc motor generator in order to
produce dc current. If the device didn’t use it can be
7
romotely block the flow of current and if it is needed it is
also can be remotely open the flow of current. The voltage
output of the motor can be regulates by a power supply module
to satisfied the voltage needed by the battery in order to
charge. Inverter used to change the dc voltage to ac voltage
to used the smart lighting. In lighting there is sensor if
daylight the ac light will turn of and if at night the ac
light will turn on.
Figure 4. System Algorithm
8
Testing and Operation
The device and smart lighting will be tested
as its
proper functioning by conducting routine testing and
operation.
For the sake of testing and operation, the researcher
will put the device in the Cabas-an Cold Spring located in
Brgy. Compo
San Enrique considering all the hardware
requirements are met. Testing will be done with the
presence of the faculty of engineering, student of WIT and
experts in field.
The researcher will test the system as to its
reliability in performing the following functionalities
a) flow of water can make the archimedes screw rotate
(b) remotely block the flow of water if the device didn’t
use (c) remotely open the flow of water if the device is
needed (d) ac led light turn off in daylight (e) ac led
light automatically turn on at night. This will be done in
one to two days. The performance of the system will based
on the device performing each functionality and
reliability.
9
Evaluation Procedure
This
smart
lighting
with
mini
hydroelectric
screw
turbine will be evaluated at Brgy Compo San Enrique. The
device will installed at Cabas-an Cold Spring.
Faculty of the college of engineering and experts in the
field of electrical engineering will be invited to assess the
system as to performing the following functions:
a) flow of water can make the archimedes screw rotate (b)
remotely block the flow of water if the device didn’t use (c)
remotely open the flow of water if the device is needed (d)
ac
led
light
turn
off
in
daylight
(e)
ac
led
light
automatically turn on at night.
A researcher-made observation-checklist will be provided
to the evaluators in order to record their suggestions and
recommendations.
References