Prepared By: Ms. Fatma OBJECTIVES: At the end of this unit the you must be able to: • Learn the concept of paraphrasing • Differentiate paraphrasing from rephrasing and summary writing • Paraphrase given text in various ways • Practice paraphrasing to avoid plagiarism • Rewrite the text in your own words • expressing ideas in one’s own words • Avoid plagiarism Plagiarism is an act of cheating; a sort of intellectual robbery. It is copying someone else’s work which is a crime against academic writing. What is the difference between Paraphrasing & Rephrasing? Paraphrasing Rephrasing It is taking someone else’s words and It is taking your own words and putting them in a different way. putting them in another way. In this way it is not copying. What is the difference between Paraphrasing & Summary Writing? Summary Paraphrasing Differences A summary is much shorter than the Paraphrase can sometimes be as long original source (can only be one third (1/3) as the original text and sometimes of the original text) even longer than the original source. It includes only the key points of the writing It includes detailed information so covers both key points and sub- points Similarities It keeps the meaning of the original source It keeps the meaning of the original source It is written in your own words It is written in your own words Vocabulary – using synonyms or phrases with a similar meaning. More examples here… EXAMPLES: ORIGINAL: PARAPHRASED: The cat gobbled the fish. The cat ate the fish. PARAPHRASED: Many tourists visit Dubai. Several travelers visit Dubai. Practice Exercise 1 Practice Exercise 2 ORIGINAL: https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5fcfe888e0f655001c8fa9 71 Write the synonym for the underlined word. 1. Karen was sad when she did not win a prize in the race. 2. Jonas lives in that large yellow house on the corner. 4. Summer days on my grandfather’s farm are hot. 5. Can you help me put together these boards to make a bird house? 6. I made a bad grade on the math test, so I cannot go to the dance. 7. My mom says that it doesn’t cost anything to be nice to other people. 8. I would like to buy one of those new red t-shirts. Sentence Structure – changing the structure of the sentence. Watch this… ACTIVE – PASSIVE PASSIVE – ACTIVE EXAMPLES: ORIGINAL: PARAPHRASED: ORIGINAL: PARAPHRASED: The cat gobbled the fish. The fish was gobbled by the cat. Many tourists visit Dubai. Dubai is visited by many tourists. Practice Exercise 1 Practice Exercise 2 Grammar – a)changing verbs to nouns b)changing nouns to verbs Ali wants to develop his writing skills. PARAPHRASED: Ali wants development in his writing skills. ORIGINAL: I will give my decision today. PARAPHRASED: I will decide today. ORIGINAL: Practice Exercise 1 Practice Exercise 2 (ACTIVITY)Paraphrase by Changing Active to Passive 1. My mother washes the floor every Saturday. 2. The policewoman is delivering the food to an orphanage. 3. That tall man in the corner mailed our package. 4. The professor was helping a student when the bell sounded. 5. Millions of tourists have visited the Eiffel Tower. 6. John and George have been filling the on-line orders. Apostrophe – ‘of’ phrase to replace an apostrophe ORIGINAL: PARAPHRASED: ORIGINAL: PARAPHRASED: Practice Exercise 1 Study this… The student’s work was excellent. The work of student was excellent. A teacher’s job is to help students learn new skills. The job of a teacher is to help students learn new skills. Complete each sentence with correct (possessive 's / of ) • Maria works at a ... in London. (travel agent's - travel agents - travel's agent) • She's a successful manager and her speciality is dealing with … (the problems of customers - customers's problems - customers' problems) • Her parents are Mexican, and when she travels to Mexico she stays on her ... (grandparents's farm - grandparents' farm - farm of her grandparents) • They have painted "We know it's only rock and roll, but we like it", on ....... (the garage's door - the door of the garage - the door's garage ) • Her children love the Rolling Stones. ... are covered in posters of Mick. (Their bedroom's walls - Their bedrooms's walls -The walls of their bedroom) • Once a month the children spend a weekend at their ..... (fathers‘ - father's - house of their father) Answers(travel agent's - customers' problems - grandparents' farm - the door of the garage - The walls of their bedroom -father's ) To understand paraphrasing even better study the following samples given. Paraphrasing sample 1 Paraphrasing Sample Video Now do the practice exercises. Practice Exercise 1 Practice Exercise 2 (ACTIVITY) Read the original text below. Then write your paraphrase 1-Death rates for males are substantially higher than for females for every age group of children and youth, but the largest difference occurs among teens, ages 15 to 19” (Goutas, et al., 2011, p. 11). 2-The United States, Germany, Japan and other industrial powers are being transformed from industrial economies to knowledge and information based service economies, whilst manufacturing has been moving to low wage countries. In a knowledge and information based economy, knowledge and information are the key ingredients in creating wealth. (Source: Laudon & Laudon 2002, Management information systems: managing the digital firm, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.) Answers (Simple Paraphrase) 1-A recent study found that death rates for male children and teens are higher than those for females in all age groups, but the most significant difference between death rates for male and female children occurs between the ages of 15 and 19 (Goutas, et al., 2011). 2-There has been a dramatic change in economies such as the United States, Japan and Germany from industrial to service economies involved in knowledge and information. As manufacturing shifts to countries where wages are low, economic growth and information economies must focus on knowledge and information production (Laudon & Laudon 2002). By this time you should be able to paraphrase sentences or paragraphs in different ways to avoid plagiarism and intellectual theft. Intellectual theft is like plagiarism. It is stealing other’s ideas or work (book, researches, stories, poems etc.) without their permission or proper citation and acknowledgement. https://www.academia-research.com/blog/the-art-of-paraphrasing-how-to-not-sound-like-a-plagiarist/ • • • • • • • • • • https://www.slideshare.net/gherm6/paraphrasing-for-third-grade https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYa6cPwS9VE https://printableworksheets.in/worksheet/synonyms https://www.eslwriting.org/wp-content/paraphrase-synonyms-b.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePfmgMTgXl8 https://www.eslwriting.org/wp-content/esl-writing-passive.pdf https://www.englishgrammar.org/passive-voice-exercise-13/ https://www.eslwriting.org/wp-content/esl-writing-passive.pdf https://www.k12reader.com/worksheet/change-the-nouns-to-verbs/view/ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/possessionjohn-s-car-a-friend-of-mine • http://www.carmenlu.com/first/grammar/possessive15.html • https://rewritetool.net/paraphrasing-exercises-with-answers/ • https://www.uts.edu.au/sites/default/files/Paraphrasing%20Handout%20%20Activities.pdf https://weneedfun.com/thank-you-flowers/
