Chemistry
Common Laboratory Apparatus and its
Uses
Many types of apparatus are used for scientific work in laboratories.
however, we have compiled all possible common and comprehensive
lists of 20 laboratory apparatus and their uses. they enable us to carry
out experiments successfully and make accurate measurements or
observations. all common laboratory apparatus should be drawn in
outline only and in their correct proportions.
50 common Laboratory Apparatus/ Lab
Equipment List:
Alcohol burner
Aspirator
Bunsen burner
Beakers
Burette
Barometer
Burette clamp
Buchner funnel
Balance scale
Conical or titration flask
Crucible tong
Condenser
china dish (Evaporating Dish)
Crucible with cover
Chart
Clay Triangles
Desiccator
Dry-cell battery
Dropper
Dissecting set
Erlenmeyer flask
Funnel
Forceps
Flat bottomed flask
Filter paper
Friability tester
Glass funnel
Glass tubing
Indicator
Iron stand
Iron Clamp
Iron ring
Litmus paper
Level
Measuring cylinders
Microscope
Mortar and pestle
Measuring flasks
Magnifier
Magnet
No of weights
pH meter
Pulley
Pipette
Protractor
Pipet Bulb
Rubber stopper
Reagent bottle
Ring Clamp
Rubber tubing
Stand bath
Spatula
Syringe
Stirring rod
Separatory funnel
Stethoscope
Stopwatch
Speedometer
Test tube rack
Tripod
Tripod stand
Test tube holder
Test tube stand
Telescope
Test tube brush
Tuning fork
Tape
Thermometer
Tongs
Wire gauze
Wash bottle
Watch glass
NOW!
Some of the items of common laboratory apparatus used in the
laboratory are shown below. Names and functions of the apparatus
used in the laboratory are:
Bunsen burner
A Bunsen burner is a source of heat or mechanical appliances for which
absolute safety is required while using Bunsen Burner. it is linked to a
flammable gas source. Mostly a knob is used to adjust the gas flow
amount and a pivot collar that manages airflow. Both the knob and
collar must be adjusted to get an excellent flame for heating things.
Tripod stand
It is usually made of stainless steel or Aluminium having three
supporting legs. The apparatus to be heated is placed on the tripod
stand. It is mainly used to support or hold the beakers or flasks during
the experiments. A Bunsen burner is placed underneath the tripod
stand due to its height.
Wire Gauze
It is the iron wire gauze piece posted with asbestos in the center. It is
placed on the tripod stand so that the flame does not touch the glass
apparatus directly, reducing the danger of its breaking.
Test Tubes
A test tube is a glass tube with one end closed and the other end open.
The closed-end is in a round shape. Test tubes are used in laboratories
to hold small samples. They are mainly used for qualitative comparison
and assessment. A very commonplace to see test tubes is the
biochemistry lab. When large numbers of the sample are needed to be
compared and tested, these test tubes are used to make this easier.
They are also easily covered or capped with a glass or rubber stopper.
Safety Tip: Never heat a covered or capped test tube.
Beakers
Beakers are a very common laboratory instrument and are widely useful
in the laboratory as a reaction container. they are also used for holding
liquid and solid samples or catch liquids from different titrations or
filtrates from filtering operations. A beaker is a simple can in most labs.
It is used for heating, stirring, and mixing chemicals. Most beakers have
spouts on their rims to easy pouring.
uses of Beakers in laboratory
They also usually have lips around their rims and markings to measure
the volume of liquid they contain. They are not a piece of proper
equipment to measure liquids. Beakers are available in a wide range
depending on their sizes, such as 50cm3, 100cm3, 250cm3, or 500cm3
are available.
Beaker Tongs
Have you ever needed to grab something hot? Or pick up a beaker that
is heavy and full of liquid? If so, then these beaker tongs are perfect for
your needs! They are made out of stainless steel with silicone grips at
the ends. These tongs will allow you to safely handle anything in your
lab without getting burned or spilling your experiment!
Titration flasks
It is also known as a Conical Flask. The Erlenmeyer flask was titled in
1861, after its inventor. It has a slim neck and widens toward its base.
This allows easy swirling and mixing of the flask without too much
possibility of spilling. The narrow opening also allows the use of a glass
or rubber stopper. It can comfortably be clamped to a ring stand as
well as shaken or heated easily. Once again, the numberings on the
side are meant mainly for estimation not for precision.
Safety Tip: A significant safety tip here is to never heat the flask while
it is covered. This causes pressure build-up that results in an
explosion.
Funnels
A lab funnel is also like any other funnel but it was specially designed
to be used in a laboratory. They are made up of glass or plastic and
have either a long stem or a short stem, depending on the purpose,
they are needed for. There are a lot of sizes that can be chosen
depending upon the amount of liquid that needs to go through them
easily and quickly. Funnels are of different sizes 3cm, 5cm, 8cm etc.
Evaporating Dish (China Dish)
It is a small dish made of porcelain used for evaporating and
concentrating the dilute solutions. It is available in different sizes.
Graduated or Measuring cylinders
This is an essential measuring tool for the volume of any liquid. There
are a lot of markings, up and down the whole length of the container
with special increments. Graduated cylinders are of many sizes. The
smaller they are in size or diameter, the more exact or accurate the
volume measurements will be. When reviewing the volume from a
graduated cylinder, you will consider that the liquid seems to have
some indentation.
The liquid around the edges of Graduated Cylinders will be higher than
the liquid in the center. This is known as a meniscus. Keep the cylinder
at a leveled surface to properly read the volume. They are also available
in different sizes 5cm3, 10cm3, 20cm3, 50cm3, 100cm3 and 1000cm3.
Stirring Rod
A stirring Rod or glass stirring rod is used for mixing and stirring
different chemicals. it is made up of solid glass (borosilicate or ) having
rounded edges slightly thick and longer than a soda water straw.
Stirring Rods are often 10 to 45 cm long with almost a half-centimeter
in diameter. it is also available in the triangular paddle, flat paddle, or
round button shape.
Measuring flasks OR Volumetric flasks
A volumetric flask is a round flask with a flat bottom and long neck.
Volumetric Flask is used to measure the exact volume of liquids. There
is a short line on the neck that hints at how far to fill the flask. Special
caps are available that will not let anything in or out through the flask.
These are available in different sizes i.e., 100cm3, 250cm3, 500cm3 and
1000 cm3.
Just Remember: The temperature affects the volume; therefore always
avoid using liquids that will vary in temperature (for example hot water
that will cool).
Buret
Burets are often used for the addition of a precise and accurate volume
of liquids. with the use of burets, you can measure or determine the
volume of liquids up to nearly 0.01 mL. These are normally attached to
a ring stand with a clamp. A buret is also like a glass tube that is open
from the top and becomes a narrow pointed opening at the bottom
side. Right above the bottom opening; there is a stopcock.
This stopcock can be turned to control the released amount of liquid.
There are also certain markings along the length of the buret that
indicates the volume of any liquid present in them. A buret is especially
used for the extremely accurate addition of liquids. By slightly adjusting
the stopcock, the amount of releasing liquid can be slowed down to a
single drop every few seconds.
Buret is one of the most accurate tools in the laboratory. To determine
the added amount of liquid in solution, write down the readings, how
much is present initially in the buret. Then when you were finished
adding liquids, write down how much liquid is left. Now, Subtract the
final amount of liquid from the initial amount and you have the exact
volume of liquid that is added.
Forceps
Forcep is derived from the Latin word forcipes used for holding and
grasping small objects in laboratories. they are used when things are
picked up in bulk or when large fingers are unable to collect little and
tiny things. besides this, “forceps” is a very common word in the
medical field. in the common world, forces are referred to different
names like pliers, tweezers, clip, stongs, or clamps, etc. basically there
are two major types of forceps:
1. Non-disposable forceps
2. Disposable forceps
Pipettes as Laboratory Apparatus
There is a large variety of pipettes that are designed to accomplish
many specific goals. However, they all are for measuring the exact
volume of liquids and then placing liquids into the other containers.
Generally available sizes are 10cm3, 20cm3 and 25cm3.
Thermometer
The temperature of a substance is measured using a thermometer. The
temperature in the laboratory is usually measured in units of degrees
Celsius (˚C).
Striker
The Bunsen burner is lightened by the striker.
Watch glasses
A watch glass circular convex or concave rounded piece of the glass
often used to hold a small amount of solid or liquid, to evaporate a
liquid, while being weighed, and for many other purposes. Watch
Glasses are also used for different purposes like evaporation.
it can also work as a lid for a beaker to prevent dust from entering a
beaker. in the chemistry Lab, two types of Watch glasses are used such
as glass watch glasses and plastic watch glasses. both types have
various sizes and varieties in the market. the glass type is more famous
than the plastic type. Most glass type is reused and plastic-type are
disposable i.e., for one-time use.
Pipet Bulb
Pipet Bulb is used to draw different liquids into the pipet.
Iron stand
It is used for hanging (thermometer), clamping/holding (burette, round
bottom flask, etc.).
Ring Clamp
ring clamp is used with a ring stand to hold different types of glassware
like funnel or beaker.
Wash Bottle
Nowadays polythene wash bottles are used in the laboratory for storing
distilled water for various operations such as transferring precipitates
from a container to the filter paper or washing the precipitates. When
the bottle is pressed with hand, water comes out through the jet in the
form of a fine stream.
Flat bottomed – Florence flasks, AKA
boiling flasks
It is also known as a boiling flask. Florence flask contained a round
bottom with a long neck. It is used for holding liquids and can easily be
heated and swirled. It can also be capped by glass or rubber stoppers
easily. Once again, safety edict that this flask never is heated when
covered or capped with a stopper. It build-up pressure and can result in
an explosion.
Scoopula
Scoopula is often used to transfer solids to different locations.
Erlenmeyer Flasks
you can use an Erlenmeyer flask to place liquid samples or to catch
filtrates as a laboratory apparatus.
Utility Clamp
Utility Clamp resembles a couple of scissors often used to secure
glassware to a ring stand. it has a screw in the middle that is used to
widen the adjustments between two-prong. ring stand or retort stand
is attached to it. round laboratory glassware is held e.g flasks and
beakers etc. with the help of Utility Clamp. there are three major parts
of Utility Clamp:
clampdown
2-prong adjust
metal rod
Ring Stand
Ring Stand is helpful as a laboratory apparatus for holding or clamping
different lab glassware so that it does not fall down.
Droppers
they have been used for the addition of liquids/solutions in the shape
of drops.
Test tube stand
It is made of wood, polythene, or steel on which test tubes can be
placed in an upright position. Test Tubes are normally held in a test
tube rack. Test Tube Racks are specifically designed for this purpose. If
these test tubes become risky to touch with bare hands (in a case due
to heat or some other reason); test-tube tongs are used to move them.
Test Tube Clamp
On a recent trip to the laboratory, I was able to see and learn about an
incredible invention: the test tube clamp. This product is so cool
because it can be used as a stand to hold up your test tubes without
spilling any liquid. The clamp also has two clamps that can be used as
handles for carrying around multiple test tubes at once.
The best part of this invention is that it saves both time and space in
labs because scientists no longer need as many lab hands or other
furniture such as stands. It’s amazing how one simple tool could make
such a huge difference in research!
Clay Triangles as Laboratory Apparatus
the use of Clay Triangles is seen as very rare but here we can’t miss an
opportunity to describe every single opportunity to discuss every
apparatus. Clay Triangles are placed on a ring that is attached to a
stand that provides support to funnel, evaporating dish or crucible, etc.
Balance
Ballance is Used to measuring different small masses.
Crucible
The word “crucible” brings to mind images of fiery molten metal,
the beating heart of a furnace. The crucible is an instrument used in
chemistry laboratories for heating substances until they melt or
vaporize. It can also be used for cooling heated material by
removing it from the fire and submerging it in water.
But why did this device get its name?
Well, when materials are heated slowly over time, impurities will
separate out and rise to the top – like what happens with metals
during smelting.
Crucible Tongs
The crucible tongs are a laboratory apparatus that is used to take
the hot metal from the furnace into the mold. It’s an important tool
for a chemist, and it can be made using one of two different
methods: forging or casting.
Alcohol Burner
alcohol burner is an important part of laboratory equipment. it is used
to produce an open flame using alcohol as a burning source.
Syringe
A syringe is an apparatus in the chemistry laboratory used for
measuring out liquids. It also has many other uses in the medical field
that are outside of this blog post’s scope.
List of Measurement Equipment used in
Laboratory
MASS
Triple beam balance
Centigram balance
Platform balance
Analytical balance
TEMPERATURE
Alcohol thermometer
Mercury thermometer
Digital thermometer
VOLUME
Burette
Florence flask
Beaker
Graduated cylinder
Pipette
Distilling flask
Erlenmeyer
Volumetric flask
Dropper
Lab Instruments and Tools Name List in
Laboratory
Microscope
Graduated Cylinder
Test Tube
Volumetric Flask
Bunsen Burner
Thermometer
Florence Flask
Some common SAFETY EQUIPMENT
used in lab-ware
Eyewash
Mask
Goggles
Safety shower
Gloves
Lab-Grown
Fire extinguisher
Fire blanket
Fume hood
Spill neutralizer
First aid kit
DIFFERENT EQUIPMENT USED FOR
ANALYSIS in Laboratory Apparatus
CHROMATOGRAPHY
IC
HPLC
GC
SPECTROSCOPY
XRFS
OES
AAS
UV/VIS
AES
FT-IR
What are some HEAT SOURCES used in the
Common laboratory apparatus?
Alcohol lamp
Bunsen burner
Hotplate
General instructions for Using Common
laboratory apparatus
Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times in the
laboratory.
Always wear a lab coat and safety goggles in the lab.
Girls must use scarves and close hair when working in the
laboratory.
Never work alone in the laboratory.
Do not bring eatables in the laboratory.
Never taste or smell any compound or gas, to smell gases always
waft the fumes or gas towards your nose.
You must report immediately on an accident or breakage.
Develop a habit to put things back at their proper place after use.
Do not mix the chemicals.
Always take care of yourself and your calls fellows while working in
the laboratory.
Do not work on chemicals for which you do not have instructions.
Read the FIRST-AID instructions.
Conclusion
In order to work with chemicals, chemists must have the right
apparatus. The lab needs a fume hood for safety and ventilation, as well
as a laboratory sink and drainboard. Chemists also need equipment like
scales and balances for weighing chemicals or samples of materials;
beakers, flasks, and test tubes for mixing solutions; Bunsen burners and
hot plates for heating substances; measuring cylinders and pipettes for
transferring liquids from one container to another; thermometers to
measure temperature changes in substances over time; pH meters to
measure acidity levels in solutions; graduated cylinders or burets for
measuring volumes of liquid (liters/milliliters); pressure gauges such as
manometers or vacuum gauges used in atmospheric chemistry
experiments.
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