TOMSK POLYTECHNIС UNIVERSITY
ENGLISH FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
Teacher’s Book
Recommended for publishing as a study aid
by the Editorial Board of Tomsk Polytechnic University
Draftsmen
T.S. Petrovskaya, I.E. Rymanova, A.V. Makarovskikh
Tomsk Polytechnic University Publishing House
2012
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ
ТОМСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ДЛЯ ИНЖЕНЕРОВ-ХИМИКОВ
Книга для преподавателя
Рекомендовано в качестве учебного пособия
Редакционно-издательским советом
Томского политехнического университета
Авторы-составители
Т.С. Петровская, И.Е. Рыманова, А.В. Макаровских
Издательство
Томского политехнического университета
2012
3
УДК 811.111:66(075.8)
ББК Ш143.21-923+Ш143.21-91
А64
А64
Английский язык для инженеров-химиков. Книга для преподавателя:
учебное пособие / авторы-сост.: Т.С. Петровская, И.Е. Рыманова, А.В. Макаровских; Томский политехнический университет. – Томск: Изд-во Томского
политехнического университета, 2012. – 59 с.
Книга для преподавателя, входящая в учебно-методический комплекс по профессиональному английскому языку «English for Chemical Engineers», содержит ответы к заданиям, а также методические рекомендации по эффективной организации
учебного процесса.
Предназначена для преподавателей, обучающих студентов химико-технологического направления, изучающих английский язык на основе многоуровневого подхода.
УДК 811.111:66(075.8)
ББК Ш143.21-923+Ш143.21-91
Рецензенты
Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент
декан факультета иностранных языков ТГПУ
И.Е. Высотова
Кандидат филологических наук
доцент кафедры ЛиП ИМОЯК ТПУ
Д.Ф. Мымрина
© Составление. ФГБОУ ВПО НИ ТПУ, 2012
© Петровская Т.С., Рыманова И.Е.,
Макаровских А.В., составление, 2012
© Обложка. Издательство Томского
политехнического университета, 2012
4
CONTENTS
Unit 1 Engineering career……………………………………………………………..……6
Unit 2 Engineering education……………………………………………………………..10
.
Unit 3 Are you good for this job?........................................................................................11
Unit 4 Engineering ethics…………………………………………………………………14
Unit 5 Company structure and corporate culture…………………………………………19
Unit 6 Chemical engineering……………………………………………………………...24
Unit 7 Objects of chemical engineering…………………………………………………..26
Unit 8 Functions and applications of chemical objects…………………………………...30
Unit 9 Chemical industry markets………………………………………………………...33
Unit 10 Materials in chemical industry…………………………………………………...41
Unit 11 Technological process in chemical industry: tools and equipment ……………...44
Unit 12 Safety at work…………………………………………………………………..47
Unit 13 Resource saving………………………………………………………………….50
Unit 14 Waste disposal……………………………………………………………………52
Unit 15 Innovations in chemical engineering…………………………………………….55
5
UNIT 1 Engineering Career
Before you start



Divide the class into groups of 3 or 4 SS (students).
Give the groups one minute to list as many achievements in engineering as they
think are the most important for the mankind.
Elicit their achievements with the whole class and write the most popular on the
board.
Quotation



Get the SS to read the quotation.
Put SS in pairs or small groups and tell them to define the stages of any engineering activity:
o a figment of the imagination
o a plan on paper
o realization in material (stone, metal or energy)
o jobs/homes
o raising the standard of living
o adding to the comforts of life
Ask SS whether they agree or disagree with the quotation and invite comments on
this statement.
Starting up
1 Possible answers: manufacture, design, to apply/application, to build, achievement, to
create, contribution, process, etc.
2 1) E
2) H
3) D
4) C
5) F
6) B
7) G
8) A
3 Possible answers: aerospace, agricultural, biomedical, environmental, geological,
metallurgical, mining, nuclear, petroleum, etc.
4 Individual SS’ answers
Reading
5 Individual SS’ answers
6 1) c
2) e
3) a
4) f
5) h
6) b
7 1) F
2) F
3) T
7) d
8) g
4) T
Tapescript: texts A, B, C (Course Book)
6
5) T
8 contribution – smth that you give or do in order to help smth be successful
to apply – to use smth such as a method, idea, or law in a particular situation,
activity, or process
lab coat – a piece of clothing with long sleeves that is worn over your clothes
to protect them
plaid [plæd] – a pattern of crossed lines and squares, used especially on cloth
man-made – made by people = artificial (not natural)
rapidly = quickly/fast
to modify – to make small changes to smth in order to improve it and make it
more suitable or effective
input – ideas, advice, money or effort that you put into a job or activity in order
to help it succeed (+ into/to)
efficient – if smb or smth is efficient, they work well without wasting time,
money or energy.
(internal) thermostat – an instrument used for keeping a room or a machine
at a particular temperature
adhering (n), to adhere – to stick firmly to smth (+ to)
to graduate – to obtain a degree, especially a first degree, from a college or
university (+ from)
to enhance – to improve smth
9 1) contribution
2) principles
3) to solve
4) image
5) theorems
10 1) in
2) at
3) into
4) in
6) to modify
7) to undertake
8) process
9) depletion
10) engineers
11) major
12) outside
13) interests
14) computer
15) environment
5) into
6) on/off
7) to
8) with
11 1) applies
2) accomplishments
3) rapidly
9) with
10) on
11) up
12) to
4) had input into
5) potable
6) graduating
Professional Language development
12 machine [mə'∫i:n]
machinery [mə'∫i:nəri]
mechanics [mi'kæniks]
mechanic [mi'kænik]
mechanical [mi'kænikl]
technical ['teknikl]
technician [tek'ni∫n]
science ['saiəns]
scientific [,saiən'tifik]
scientist ['saiəntist]
chemistry ['kemistri]
chemical ['kemikl]
chemist ['kemist]
technology [tek'nɔlədʒi]
7
13
Subject
1) engineering
2) mechanics
3) science
4) technology
5) chemistry
14 1) e
2) i
3) j
15 1) D
2) C
16
People & Jobs
engineer
mechanic
scientist
technician
chemist
4) a
5) m
6) d
7) n
8) b
9) c
3) B
4) A
1) knowledge
2) highest
3) creativities
Thing
engine
machine
10) f
11) l
12) g
5) A
6) B
Adjective
engineering
mechanical
scientific
technical
chemical
13) k
14) h
7) C
8) D
4) complicated
5) implies
6) calculations
7) insufficient
8) paid
9) basis
9) D
10) C
10) typical
11) inventive
12) discovery
Speaking
17 Individual SS’ answers
18 a) 1) Petroleum Engineer
2) Electrical Engineer
3) Civil Engineer
4) Mechanical Engineer
5) Biomedical Engineer
6) Aerospace Engineer
b), c) Individual SS’ answers
19 Individual SS’ answers
20
Civil engineering
Activity
planning, designing
and operating
planning, designing and constructing
producing, delivering
designing, testing
and analyzing
Products/services
provided
synthetic rubber and
fiber, breweries and
distilleries
buildings, dams,
airports, water
and wastewater
treatment and
distribution systems, mass transit
systems, roads,
bridges and
drainage systems
electricity, telecommunications,
cable, electronics, control systems, and digital
systems
machines, structures and devices
including cars,
pumps, heating,
ventilation and
cooling systems,
combustion systems and sports
equipment (such
as bicycles and
skis)
8
Electrical
engineering
Mechanical
engineering
Chemical engineering
Industries it can be
met in
chemical, petrochemical, foodprocessing, forestry
and pharmaceutical
different kinds of
building (e. g.
houses, buildings,
bridges, etc.)
biomedical engineering and digital signal processing
metallurgy and
materials; machine design;
systems engineering; plant design;
construction, and
operation; environmental engineering
Advantages
producing new kind
of materials in different fields (medicine, industry, agriculture, etc.) and
new kinds of fuel
different kinds of
building
creating opportunities for all
engineering activities
creating opportunities for all engineering activities
Disadvantages
harmful for humans
and nature; polluting environment
destroying nature
harmful influence when in
excess
exceeding consumption of natural resources
Project work
21 Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication, visual
aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of presentation, timing).
Writing
22 Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar, spelling
and punctuation, register and format.
9
UNIT 2 Engineering Education
Starting up
1 Individual SS’ answers
2 1) school
2) university
3) engineering society
4) Bachelor’s Degree
3 (a) 1) civil
2) petroleum
5) Master’s Degree
6) PhD
3) mechanical
4) electrical
5) education
6) chemical
(b) Possible answer: RAEE – Russian Association for Engineering Education
It is recommended to ask SS to find any information as a home task.
Reading
4 1) c
2) d
3) e
4) b
5) f
6) a
5 1) G
2) F
3) E
4) D
5) C
6) B
7) A
6 Individual SS’ answers
Professional language development
7
5-evaluation
1-granted
6-professional
2-undergone
7-ability
3-knowledge
4-theoretical
8-independently
8
6-science
1-equip
7-advance
2-specialty
3-undergraduates
8-industry
4-application
9-combine
10-capabilities
5-grant
Speaking
9 Individual SS’ answers
Project work
10 Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication, visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of presentation, timing).
Writing
11 Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar, spelling
and punctuation, register and format.
10
UNIT 3 Are you good for this job?
Quotation
 Ask SS what is more important in the job they have: personal qualities or qualifications.
 Ask them to read the quotation.
 Ask SS if they agree. If they have different opinions, run a brief class discussion.
Starting up
1
 Divide the class into small groups of three to five SS.
 Ask SS to work through the list of factors in considering candidates for jobs,
choosing the seven most important ones, and agreeing on a ranking. Allow five
minutes or so.
 Get them to compare and discuss their rankings.
2 Individual SS’ answers
Reading
3 Individual SS’ answers
4 Individual SS’ answers
5 Individual SS’ answers
6 Individual SS’ answers
7 Individual SS’ answers
8 1) h
2) I
3) f
4) a
5) j
6) c
7) e
8) d
9) b
10) g
9 Individual SS’ answers
Professional language development
10
1-appropriate experience
2-applied mathematics
3-potential solutions
4-core contradiction
5-full-scale production
11
Knowledge & Understanding
6-prototypes
7-reduce the risk
8-forensic engineering
9-careful analysis
10-establish the cause
An Engineer should be able to demonstrate:
• Specialist knowledge
• Business and Management techniques
• Understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities
• Understanding of the impact of engineering solutions
on society
• Awareness of relevant contemporary issues
11
Intellectual Abilities
An Engineer should be able to demonstrate:
• The ability to solve engineering problems, design systems etc. through creative and innovative thinking
• The ability to apply mathematical, scientific and technological tools
• The ability to analyse and interpret data and, when
necessary, design experiments to gain new data
• The ability to maintain a sound theoretical approach in
enabling the introduction of new technology
• The ability to apply professional judgement, balancing
issues of costs, benefits, safety, quality etc.
• The ability to assess and manage risks
Practical Skills
An Engineer should be able to:
• Use a wide range of tools, techniques, and equipment
(including software) appropriate to their specific discipline
• Use laboratory and workshop equipment to generate
valuable data
• Develop, promote and apply safe systems of work
General Transferable Skills
An Engineer should be able to:
• Communicate effectively, using both written and oral
methods
• Use Information Technology effectively
• Manage resources and time
• Work in a multi-disciplinary team
• Undertake lifelong learning for continuing professional development
Qualities
An Engineer should be:
• Creative, particularly in the design process
• Analytical in the formulation and solutions of problems
• Innovative, in the solution of engineering problems
• Self-motivated,
• Independent of mind, with intellectual integrity, particularly in respect of ethical issues
• Enthusiastic, in the application of their knowledge,
understanding and skills in pursuit of the practice of engineering
Speaking
12 - Get SS, individually, to read the categories: intelligence and ability,
emotional stability and conscientiousness.
- Ask a couple of individual SS if they agree with the categories.
12
- Ask if any SS would like to suggest any other categories. If SS do have other categories to suggest, write them on the board.
- Divide the class into pairs or groups of three.
- Tell SS to work together to sort the fourteen adjectives into the three categories.
- When most pairs have finished, go through the exercise with the class, writing the
solution on the board.
intelligence/ability: bright; astute; clever; sharp; slow
emotional stability: calm; easy-going; moody; neurotic; quick-tempered
conscientiousness: reliable; hard-working; punctual; responsible




Ask SS to add as many extra words to each category as they can in two minutes.
Get SS to call out their extra words and write them on the board in the appropriate
category in the table you drew earlier.
For follow up, elicit the names of five famous people from SS and write them on
the board. In pairs, SS decide which of the adjectives apply to each person. When
most pairs have finished, ask some SS what they decided.
Alternatively, get each S to write down the name of a famous person. If you have a
large class, divide it into groups of five or six SS. In turns, SS describe the personality of the celebrity they have thought of to the other members of their group
without saying his/her name. The others try to guess who they are describing.
13 Individual SS’ answer
14 a) Individual SS’ answers
b) Individual SS’ answers
15



Prepare cards with different situations to select a candidate for a position. Rate the
candidate on his or her (1) character, (2) interpersonal dealings, (3) communications ability, (4) organizational capability, (5) balance between family and work,
(6) technical skills, and (7) leadership ability.
Get SS to choose one card.
Get SS to work in groups of 3 or 4 and role play a situation to choose the right person at the meeting of a Board of Directors of a Chemical Corporation.
Writing
16 Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : design, content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
register and format.
13
UNIT 4 Engineering Ethics
Before you start
 Write the following questions on the board:
Is it worse to steal from another person than to steal from a shop?
Is it always wrong to lie?
If you knew your brother was selling drugs would you tell the police?
 Hold a class vote on each of the three questions – yes or no.
 Divide the class into groups to discuss the questions.
Starting up
1
 Individual SS’ answers
 a) Business ethics are theories about conduct and values which take account of the
moral responsibilities a business has to the community it exists in, to its employees
and to its customers.
b) A code of ethics/good practice is a written document laying down ethical ways
of working for the personnel of a company.
 Engineering ethics is the study of moral issues and decisions confronting individuals and organizations involved in engineering and the study of related questions
about moral conduct, character, ideals and relationships of people and organizations involved in technological development (Martin and Schinzinger, Ethics in
Engineering).
2 Individual SS’ answers
3 Individual SS’ answers
4 1) highest standards
2) impact
3) impartiality
4) welfare
5) standard of professional behaviour
6) ethical conduct
Reading
5 Individual SS’ answers
6 Individual SS’ answers
7 integrity – the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be
right
to acknowledge – to admit or accept that smth. is true or that a situation exists
to distort – to report smth. in a way that is not completely true or correct; to
change a situation from the way it would naturally be
detriment – harm or damage
dignity – the ability to behave in a calm controlled way even in a difficult
situation (with dignity)
to strive – to make a great effort to achieve smth.
sustainable – able to continue without causing damage to the environment;
able to continue for a long time
14
to deceive – to give someone a wrong belief or opinion about smth.
to disclose = to reveal (to make smth. publicly known)
supplier – a company or person that provides a particular product
to obtain = to get
advancement = promotion (progress or development in your job)
indemnification – payment someone money because of loss, injury or
damage that they have suffered
negligence – failure to take enough care over smth. that you are responsible
for
accomplishment = achievement
to justify = to give an acceptable explanation for smth. that other people think is
unreasonable
8 1) acknowledge
2) detriment
3) expense
4) serve
5) affairs
9 1) with
2) on
3) from
4) with
6) notify
7) ethical
8) private
9) evaluate
10) duplicate
5) without
6) in
7) in; with
8) on
9) under
10) with
11) with/to
12) in
Listening
10 Individual SS’ answers
11 1) F
2) T
Tapescript
3) T
(I = Interviewer, CB = Claire Bebbington)
I
Why should companies be ethical or what are the advantages of a company in behaving ethically?
CB Mm. I think the whole issue of ethics is a very complex one.
Companies are made up of people. Multinationals are made up of many different nationalities. I think that companies are part of society and as such they should reflect society's
standards. Companies, especially multinational ones, do have responsibilities in the world
and should try to be a positive influence and I think if a company is not ethical, then it will
not survive as a company.
I Should a company have a code of ethics?
CB I think from my point of view it's useful on two counts. Firstly, it makes a commitment to certain good behaviour and so it's a way of communicating the importance of
good behaviour to all of it's employees and partners. Secondly, if a company has a code of
ethics and spends time communicating it, it docs actually contribute to it's ethical behaviour. If you express these things in writing, especially, then you can be held accountable
for them. This tends to mean that you are much more likely to act on them as well. I think
following up that code is difficult. People tend to have different ethical standards, and defining the term 'ethics' can I think be a problem. But I think generally to express what your
ethics are is a positive thing to do.
15
12 1) ‘Firstly, it makes a commitment to certain good behaviour and so it’s a way
of communicating the importance of good behaviour to all of its employees
and partners.’
2) ‘If you express these things in writing, especially, then you can be held accountable for them.’
13 a) ‘When does a facilitation payment become a bribe?’
Tapescript
(I = Interviewer, CB = Claire Bebbington)
I
What kinds of moral dilemmas do large companies face? Can you think of any examples?
CB I think if you were to look at any company's ethical code you would usually find in it
a section about offering bribes and this can be an area where I think people can get themselves into hot water. Facilitation payments are part of doing business in many countries,
and bribes are something which most companies are not going to want to get involved in.
Bui when does a facilitation payment become a bribe? And that is a question that can be
quite difficult to answer.
I
Can you think of an example where a facilitation payment is clearly a facilitation
payment and not a bribe?
CB I think that there are many examples. When you are paying consultants to make introductions to new business contacts, obviously the reason you choose these consultants is
because they are well placed to give that kind of advice in a particular country. And you're
paying for that introduction.
I Can you give an example of a facilitation which is closer to a bribe?
CB I would say size is important. Sometimes facilitation payments are out of proportion
to the kind of business that you are expecting to win. I think there are many instances. Also, you have to be careful with issues such as nepotism.
b) The example she gives of a facilitation payment is ‘When you are paying consultants to
make introductions to new business contacts, obviously the reason you choose these consultants is because they are well placed to give that kind of advice in a particular country.’
She also points out that the size of the payment is an issue: ‘Sometimes facilitation payments are out of proportion to the kind of business that you are expecting to win.’ This
may be an indication that something greater is at stake.
c) Individual SS’ answers
A facilitation payment is money paid to speed a process along, but one which is not actually a bribe because it is done openly. However, it may not be part of any official procedure. For example, a supermarket wishing to build a new store in a district where there is
resistance may offer to make a donation to the local school. A multinational eager to impress a local politician may offer political financing in a deal which is – superficially at
least – entirely separate from the business at hand. A bribe happens in secret, but the line
between the two is not always clear, particularly when, for instance, political parties may
be under no legal obligation to divulge the names of their donors.
16
14
1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall
strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in the performance of
their professional duties. (try to satisfy)
2. Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence. (fulfill)
3. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. (distribute)
4. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful
agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest. (conscientious)
5. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and
shall not compete unfairly with others. (quality)
6. Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity,
and dignity of the engineering profession and shall act with zero-tolerance for bribery,
fraud, and corruption. (maintain and improve)
7. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers, and
shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under
their supervision." (give)
Professional language development
15 1) crooked
2) compensation
3) disclosure
4) a whistleblower
5) a bribe
6) integrity
16 1) law –abiding
2) a slush fund
3) industrial espionage
5) a bribe
4) a whistleblower
6) integrity
17
boycott
breach
break
commit
falsify
impose
companies

contracts
crimes
documents
laws


regulations
sanctions






18 accuse somebody of offering bribes
charge somebody with breaking guidelines
prosecute somebody for selling dangerous goods
sentence somebody to three years in prison
sue somebody for damages
19 a) defraud
discredit
misinform
mislead
misrepresent
mistreat
misuse
products

overbook
overcharge
overprice
undermine
17
b) defraud a company / consumers / customers / people
discredit a company / people
misinform consumers / customers / people / staff
mislead consumers / customers / people / staff
misrepresent facts
mistreat consumers / customers / people / staff
misuse information
overbook seats
overcharge consumers / customers / people
overprice goods
undermine confidence / people
20 1) b
2) c
3) a
4) c
5) b
18
Speaking
21 Individual SS’ answers
22 Individual SS’ answers
23 Individual SS’ answers
24 Individual SS’ answers
25 Individual SS’ answers
Pay SS’ attention to the following useful language. Write it on the board:
There are several ways we could deal with this.
Let’s look at the pros and cons…
Let’s look at this from a different angle.
It might be worse…
Let’s think about the consequences of…
The best way forward is to…
So the next thing to do is…
To encourage maximum language use, try to throw in some provocative options (e. g. appoint a private detective to break into the rival’s premises and assemble evidence; confront
them directly; threaten to go to the press).
Project work
26 Individual SS’ works
Writing
27 Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar, spelling
and punctuation, register and format.
19
UNIT 5 Company Structure & Corporate Culture
Starting up
1 Individual SS’ answers
2 1) buying, selling, marketing and production
2) information technology, telecommunications, film, and car manufacture
3) multinationals
4) operate
5) a parent or holding company
6) subsidiaries
3 1) YARA 3 e
2) HXK 2 c
3) BASF 4 a
4) Dow 5 b
5) HARDEX 1 d
4 Individual SS’ answers
5 (New Insights into business unit1 key vocabulary)
Introduce the topic by asking students to present a typical company structure, writing their
ideas on the board in the form of a chart. This could be a famous local company or one
they have worked for. This will help students visualise the structure of a company and
generate vocabulary they already know. Ask students to read through the Key vocabulary
section and introduce the organisation chart, presenting the hierarchy from top to bottom,
allowing students to comment on how it compares to their own diagram. Ensure that students understand the words in bold. Ask them to fill the gaps in the exercise below after
listening to the record.
1) The shareholders
5) Board of Directors
2) management
6) Chairperson or President
3) workforce
7) Managing Director or Chief Executive Officer
4) organization chart
8) Senior managers or company officers
6
shareholders → chairperson (board of directors) → managing director → senior
management → middle management → workforce
Reading
7 Individual SS’ answers
8 1) B
2) E
3) A
4) C
5) D
9 Individual SS’ answers
Professional language development
10 Encourage students to use a monolingual dictionary to check their answers. Copy the
table onto the board and elicit students' answers. Mark on word stress and drill if necessary.
Point out that advertisement is often shortened. Find out if students know to what (ad, advert).
20
Nouns
1 production, product
2 providers, provision
3 development
4 marketing, market
5 advertisement
Verbs
produce
provide
develop
market
advertise
11 1) market
3) develop
5) production
2) product
4) market
6) advertise
12
1. annual general meeting (AGM);
8. stock exchange;
2. personal assets;
9. sleeping partner;
3. board of directors;
10. sole trader;
4. public limited company;
11. business partner;
5. private limited company;
12. company directors;
6. unlimited liability;
13. board meeting;
7. business debts;
14. personal liability
13 1) partnership
2) public limited company
3) corporation
4) sole owner, freelancer
5) limited company
14 a) manager
e) management
b) organization
f) organize
c) managing
g) managerial
d) organizational
15 a) Human Resources/Personnel
d) Production
b) Sales and Marketing
e) Finance
c) Research and Development
16 a) Production
b) Human Resources/Personnel
c) Finance
d) Sales and Marketing
17 1) in….of
2) to; for
e) Office
f) Research and Development
g) Human Resources/Personnel
h) Production
3) with; with
4) to
18 There is not a big difference between customers and clients and sometimes both can
be used. In general, people in shops are usually customers, while businesses and professional people like lawyers and accountants have clients.
1) owner; director
7) supplier
2) Chief Executive Officer
8) leader
3) boss
9) colleague
4) shareholder
10) opposite number
5) investor
11) manager
6) customer
21
Speaking
19
Types of
company
Role of
leader/
manager
Role of
everyone
Function of
organization
Most commonly
found in …
Type of
company
Incubator
are treated
with scepticism.
The function of the
organisation is to
enable people to
fulfil their potential.
Sweden
Typical of
new start-ups
and partnerships
Guided
Missle
set clear objectives
Everyone is
equal and there
is as little formal
hierarchy as
possible.
Everyone is
equal, while
having different
roles.
The organisation
may break up or
alter when its goals
have been
achieved.
the USA, Canadaand the UK
Typical of
large, decentralised
companies.
Family
is seen as a
father-figure
Everyone is
valuable
Decisions are made
at the top.
Typical
of small and
medium-sized
firms.
Eiffel
Tower
Leaders are
distant.
Everyone is
replaceable
The organisation
functions because
everyone obeys the
rules.
Spain, Italy,
Greece,
France, Belgium, Japan
and Singapore
France, Germany,
Austria and the
Netherlands.
Tapescript (‘Reward’ Upper-intermediate Business Resource Pack, unit 2)
22
Typical of
large,
mature companies.
— The Incubator —
The function of the organisation is to enable
people to fulfil their potential.
Relationships grow between people as they
work on tasks together. Leaders are treated
with scepticism. A high value is placed on
creativity. Change can be fast and spontaneous. There is an emotional commitment
to the work being done. Managers are enthusiastic. Everyone is equal and there is as
little formal hierarchy as possible. Most
commonly found in Sweden. Typical of
new start-ups and partnerships: doctors,
consultants, lawyers.
— The Family —
There are strong relationships between people at work. The leader is seen as a fatherfigure. Differences in status between people
are seen as natural.
Everyone is valuable. Decisions are made at
the top. The main types of reward and punishment are the approval and disapproval of
superiors.
People can act together because they
understand each other and the organisation.
A high value is placed on loyalty to the
company and to superiors.
Most commonly found in Spain, Italy,
Greece, France, Belgium, Japan and Singapore. Typical of small and medium-sized
firms.
— The Guided Missile —
Everyone is equal, while having different
roles. The organisation is oriented to performing tasks and achieving goals. People
must do whatever it takes to achieve the
goals of the organisation. The organisation
may break up or alter when its goals have
been achieved. Individual contributions are
recognised and lead to pay rises or promotion. Managers set clear objectives. A high
value is placed on practicality. People take
a pride in their professionalism. Most
commonly found in the USA, Canada- and
the UK. Typical of large, decentralized
companies.
- The Eiffel Tower —
There are explicit definitions of roles and
relationships.
Authority belongs to roles, not to the people
who occupy them.
Everyone is replaceable. People have a
strong sense of duty and responsibility.
The organisation functions because everyone obeys the rules. Decisions are made at
the top. The hierarchy is complex and is
described formally.
Leaders are distant. Most commonly found
in France, Germany, Austria and the Netherlands. Typical of large, mature companies.
20 Individual SS’ answers
23
21 Individual SS’ answers
Card A
You are a Production Manager. And you
are a member of the work group of the
company. Your task is to prepare the information of your department for designing an
advertising brochure. Present your ideas
and participate in discussion.
Card B
You are a Finance Manager. And you are
a member of the work group of the company. Your task is to prepare the information
of your department for designing an advertising brochure. Present your ideas and participate in discussion.
Card C
You are a Sales & Marketing Manager.
And you are a member of the work group of
the company. Your task is to prepare the
information of your department for designing an advertising brochure. Present your
ideas and participate in discussion.
Card D
You are a Human Resources Manager.
And you are a member of the work group of
the company. Your task is to prepare the
information of your department for designing an advertising brochure. Present your
ideas and participate in discussion.
Card E
You are a R&D Manager. And you are a
member of the work group of the company.
Your task is to prepare the information of
your department for designing an advertising brochure. Present your ideas and participate in discussion.
Card F
You are a supervisor of the work group for
designing an advertising brochure. Your
task is to start, manage and finish the meeting. Explain the idea, encourage discussion
and make the conclusion.
Project work
22 Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication, visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of presentation, timing).
Writing
23 Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar, spelling
and punctuation, register and format.
24
UNIT 6 Chemical Engineering
Starting up
1 Individual SS’ answers
2 Individual SS’ answers
3 1) engineering
2) physical science
3) chemistry
4) physics
5) mathematics
6) materials
7) chemicals
8) research & development
9) chemical engineer
Reading
4 1) chemicals
2) mechanical
3) raw materials
Tapescript: texts A, B, C (Class Book)
5 1) It is true that chemical engineers are comfortable with chemistry and
mathematics, physics and the engineering art.
2) Chemical engineers should use such necessary skills as design, testing, scale-up, operation, control, and optimization, and require a detailed understanding of the various
"unit operations", such as distillation, mixing, and biological processes.
6 chemicals – substances used in chemistry or produced by a chemical process
marriage – the relationship or connection between smb or smth
narrow specialist – someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is
very skilled at it
versatile – to be versatile is to have many different skills
prominent = important
raw materials – substances that are in a natural state and not treated or
prepared for use
to encompass – to include a wide range of ideas, subjects, etc.
conversion – when smth changes form from one to a different one
to utilize = to use
7 1) range
2) ties
3) valuable
4) conversions
8 1) with
2) from
5) to overcome
6) universal
7) understanding
8) recognized
3) upon
4) between
9) branches
10) to utilize
5) of
6) on
Professional language development
9 1) E
3) A
5) G
2) D
4) F
6) B
7) into
8) at
7) I
8) J
25
9) to
10) in
9) C
10) H
10 1) chemical processes
2) chemical reactions
3) refining
4) manufacture
5) solvents
6) organic
7) polymers
8) elastomers
9) oleochemicals
10) explosives
11 1) a variety of rewarding careers
2) 
3) food or plastics industries for example
4) a major role
5) processes to prevent
6) by increasing
7) 
8) 
12 1) reactions
2) resistant
3) separated
7) liquids
8) developing
9) located
4) distillation
5) instruments
6) specifications
Speaking
13 Individual SS’ answers
14 a) 1) F
2) A
3) G
4) B
5) H
6) C
7) I
8) D
9) J
10) E
b) Individual SS’ answers
15 Individual SS’ answers
Project work
Hotlist is a list of websites necessary for making web tasks.
16 Individual SS’ hotlists
17 Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication, visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of presentation, timing).
Writing
18 Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : design, content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
register and format.
26
UNIT 7 Objects of chemical engineering
Starting up
1
Area
654900 Chemical
Technology of Inorganic Substances
and Materials
Specialty
250200 Chemical Technology of Inorganic Substances
250300 Technology of
Electrochemical Production Facilities
654900 Chemical
Technology of Inorganic Substances
and Materials
Major
Technology of Basic Inorganic Synthesis
Technology of Mineral Fertilizers
Functional Electroplating
Corrosion and Protection of Metals
251000 Chemical TechChemical Technology of Solid Elecnology of Monocrystals, tronic Materials
Materials and Products of
Electronic Engineering
Technology of Monocrystals
Technology of Precious Stones
Area
655000 Chemical
Technology of Organic Substances
and Fuels
Specialty
250100 Chemical Technology of Organic Substances
Major
Technology of Basic Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis
Technology of Fine Organic Synthesis
Technology of Organic Coloring
Agents
Technology of Surfactants and Synthetic Detergents
Technology of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Compounds
250400 Chemical Engineering of Natural Energy Products and Carbon
Materials
251500 Chemical Technology of Synthetic Biologically Active Substances
Technology of Cosmetics
Technology of Solid Energy Products
Technology of Carbon and Composite
Materials
Technology of Oil and Natural Gases
Chemistry and Technology of Bioactive Substances
Technology of Medicinal Preparations
Technology of Biomedical Preparations
27
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Technology of Basic Inorganic Synthesis
Technology of Mineral Fertilizers
Corrosion and Protection of Metals
Technology of Basic Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis
Technology of Solid Energy Products
Technology of Carbon and Composite Materials
Technology of Oil and Natural Gases
Chemistry and Technology of Bioactive Substances
Technology of Biomedical Preparations
Technology of Refractory Materials
2
Individual SS’ answers
3
Possible answer:
There are definite objects in chemical manufacturing. They are materials and equipment which are combined in technical process to manufacture products. So, the main object of chemical engineering is the final product.
4
Possible answers:
Raw Materials: aluminium, copper, diamond, sand, iron, etc.
Equipment: boiler, reactor, turbine, generator, pump, test tube, flask, etc.
Products: aircraft, electrical wire, bridges, etc.
Reading
5
Individual SS’ answers
6
1) B
2) E
7
Raw materials
Products
Chemical
producers
8
3) A
4) F
5) G
6) C
oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, minerals
polymers and plastics, especially polyethylene, polypropylene,
polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and
polycarbonate, rubber, textiles, apparel, refined oil products,
pulp and paper, primary metals
BASF, Dow, Shell, Bayer, INEOS, ExxonMobil, DuPont,
Mitsubishi
(a)
Company
Country
Headquarters
BASF
Germany
Ludwigshafen
Dow
Chemical
the USA
Midland, Mich.
28
Products
chemicals,
plastics,
petrochemicals,
etc.
chemicals,
plastics,
agricultural
products
Chemical
sales, billions
$53,2
$46,3
The
Netherlands/
The UK
Shell
Chemicals
Rotterdam/
London
Bayer
Germany
Leverkusen
INEOS
The UK
Lyndhurst
ExxonMobil
the USA
Irving, Texas
DuPont
the USA
Wilmington
Mitsubishi
Chemical
Japan
Tokyo
Sumitomo
Chemical
Japan
Tokyo
Air Liquide
France
Paris
(b)
Individual SS’ answers
9
Individual SS’ answers
10
1) g
2) h
3) I
4) a/c
5) b
6) a/c
petrochemicals
products of
health care, nutrition and hightech materials
chemicals,
plastics
chemicals, fuels,
lubricants
polymers,
agricultural
products, etc
chemicals,
plastics, etc
chemicals,
plastics,
petrochemicals,
agricultural
products,
pharmaceuticals
chemicals,
plastics,
petrochemicals,
medical gases,
pharmaceuticals
7) d/e
8) d/e
9) f
11/12 (1) raw materials,
(2) markets, (3) energy supply, (4) climate,
(5) transportation facilities, and (6) water supply, etc.
Professional Language Development
13
1) convert – conversion
2) chemical – chemically
3) undergo – undergoing
4) react – reactions
5) major – majority
6) industry – industries
7) chemistry – chemist
8) science – scientific
14
29
$35
$34,1
$33
$31,2
$28,5
$21,9
$14,1
$13
Technology of Basic Inorganic Synthesis
Technology of Mineral Fertilizers
Technology of Basic Organic and Petrochemical
Synthesis
Technology of Solid Energy Products
Technology of Carbon and Composite Materials
Technology of Oil and Natural Gases
Technology of Biomedical Preparations
Technology of Refractory Materials
Chemistry and Technology of Bioactive Substances
Corrosion and Protection of Metals
water softening, cement, ceramics,
glass, graphite, lime (industry),
fertilizer
biochemical engineering, explosive, petrochemical, petroleum
processing and refining, plastics
processing, polymer, rubber
coal chemicals, coal gasification,
coal liquefaction
cement, ceramics, dyes, explosive,
graphite, lime
fuel gas
biomedical chemical engineering
ceramics
distilled spirits
electrochemical process
Speaking
15 Individual SS’ answers
16 Individual SS’ answers
Project work
17
Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication,
visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of
presentation, timing).
Writing
18
Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
spelling and punctuation, register and format.
30
UNIT 8 Functions and applications of chemical objects
Starting up
1
a – glass
b – rubber
c – ceramics
d – clay loam
e – plastic
f – organic and inorganic compounds
g – clay ceramics
h – oil products
2
Objects
1
2
Glasses and
bottles
Tyres
Materials
Properties
glass
Clear, hard, breaks
easily
rubber
Elastic, water repellent and resistant to
alkalies and weak
acids, tough, impermeable, adhesive, and
electrical resistant
Ceramics (Metal
high wear-resistant
oxides (Al2O3, FeO, and hard, brittle recarbides and nifractory,
trides)
thermal insulating,
electrical insulating,
nonmagnetic, oxidation resistant,
prone to thermal
shock, and chemically stable.
3
Sink (wash
bowl)
4
Bricks
Ceramic material
(Clay)
Durable, brittle, having compressive
strength and absorption
5
Toys
plastic
transparent, permeable, flexible,
elastic, water absorption is low,
electrical resistant.
Some chemical properties: insoluble,
31
Material application
Windows, bottles,
glasses
in transport, industrial, consumer, hygienic and medical
sectors
Porcelain, glass,
bricks and refractory materials ( window glass, implantable components,
cutting tools,
valves, bearings,
brake disks and
chemicalprocessing equipment).
are used for building and pavement,
in the metallurgy
and glass industries
for lining furnaces,
as silica, magnesia,
chamotte and neutral
(chromomagnesite)
refractory bricks.
Plastics are everywhere! Plastics are
used from pillows
and mattresses (cellular polyurethane
or polyester) up to
cars and hi-tech
chemical resistant,
thermal stable, no
reactivity with water,
inflammable, heat of
combustion is high
6
Paint
7
See p. 4
Ceramics
Oil products
8
Pigments(Titanium adhesive to dry paint
dioxide (TiO2),
films, high viscous,
Magnesium silicate, scrub resistant
Zinc oxide, Aluminum silicates (also
called kaolin and
china clay), binder,
liquid (solventswater, oil, …)
gasoline, diesel
fuel, asphalt base,
heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied
petroleum gas.
Fire and toxic hazards are high, evaporate quickly and leave
little residue, most
oils products are
lighter than water,
32
computers. Since
plastic is an insulator, plastic is used
to cover almost all
electric wires and
cords.
Painting, decorating, house painting,
industrial coating
 In transport: private cars, company
trucks, planes, diesel locomotives for
the railways, etc.
• In the home:
heating oil, LPG or
town gas, for heating and daily requirements such as
cooking.
 In industry: industrial boilers, thermal electric power
stations operating
with gas or fuel oil.
In the petrochemical industry: naphtha and gas for petrochemical processing to supply
rawmaterials for the
manufacture of
plastics, textiles,
etc..
 In the public
works sector: from
local roads to motorways and on to
aircraft runways.
 In agriculture: for
tractors or other
agricultural machines, greenhouse
heating and drying.
3
Individual SS’ answers
Reading
4
Basic chemicals, life sciences, specialty chemicals and consumer products.
5
Individual SS’ answers
6
Individual SS’ answers
Professional language development
7
1 Aluminium
2 Aluminium, copper, mild steel
3 Copper, mild steel
4 Copper, mild steel, ABS, nylon
5 ABS
8
6 Copper
7 Acrylic
8 Polyester resin, urea formaldehyde
9 Aluminium, copper
10 Polyester resin
1 Aluminium
2 Epoxy resin and urea formaldehyde
3 High carbon steel
4 Brass
5 Nylon
6 ABS
7 Brass
8 Mild steel
9 Polyester resin
10 Copper
Speaking
9
Individual SS’ answers
10 Individual SS’ answers
Project work
11
Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication,
visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of
presentation, timing).
Writing
12
Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
spelling and punctuation, register and format.
33
UNIT 9 Chemical industry markets
Starting up
1
Possible answers: money, trade, to buy/to purchase, to sell, goods, quality, competitor, consumer, etc.
2
3
Individual SS’ answers
Individual SS’ answers
4
a) Individual SS’ answers
b)
1) compromise
2) agreement
5
Individual SS’ answers
Reading
6
1) c
7
2) e
3) strategy
4) priorities
3) f
4) b
5) g
6) d
7) a
1) ‘Soda – Chlorate’ limited company
2) industrial enterprise
3) a wide range of chemicals
4) complicated processes
5) unique
6) increase of competitiveness
7) a customer-oriented company
8) a reliable partner both in Russia and abroad
9) development of promising technologies
10) constant perfection of the existing productions
11) product quality improvement
12) establishment of new connections with domestic and foreign partners
8
SODIUM METASILICATE PENTAHYDRATE
Chemical Name: sodium metasilicate pentahydrate
Synonym & Trade Name: silicic acid, disodium salt; disodium trioxosilicate, pentahydrate; water glass
Chemical Formula: Na2О • SiО2 • 5H2О (Na2SiO3 • 5H2О)
Empirical Formula: Na2SiO8H10
Molecular Mass: 212.74
Specifications:
Fine crystal white
powder.
The grayish tint is
admissible.
Appearance
Mass fraction of alkalinity in terms of sodium dioxide, %, within
28–30
Mass fraction of silicon dioxide, %, within
Module SiO2 / Na2O, within
26–28
0.9–1.0
34
Mass fraction of ferric in terms of ferric oxide, %, max
0.02
Mass fraction of water-insoluble impurities, %, within
0.01–0.06
Mass fraction of total moisture, %, max
45
Water solutions have alkaline reaction. Temperature of fusion from 40 up to 80 С.
Application: in textile industry in cotton, flax and silk manufacture for cloth bleaching,
in metallurgic and machine-building industry for neutralization and removing the hydrochloric acid from surfaces of metal, for oil regeneration, in technological processes of an
oil recovery, in systems of water-supply, in vegetable oil refining.
Packing: polypropylene bags of 5H3/Y type, 500-1000kg big bags of 13H3/Y type on
pallets
Transportation: railway cars, truck, 20" container
Storage Warranty: 12 months.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
Chemical Name: potassium hydroxide
Synonym & Trade Name: potassium hydrate, caustic potash, potash lye
Chemical Formula: К – О – Н
Empirical Formula: КОН
Molecular Mass: 56.10
Specifications:
Appearance
Caustic alkalies (KOH+NaOH)
content in terms of KOH, %,
min
Potassium carbonate (К2СО3)
content, %, max
Chloride content in terms of Cl,
%, max
Sulphate content, %, max
Iron content ,%, max
Potassium chlorate content
(КСIO3), %, max
Silicone content, %, max
Sodium content in terms of
NaOH, %, max
Calcium content, %, max
Aluminum content, %, max
Higher Grade
Grade A
Grade B
flakes of green,
lilac or grey
color.
flakes of light
green or light
grey color
flakes of light green,
light grey or light
lilac color
95.0
91-93
93.5–95
1.4
1.4
1.4
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.025
0.03
0.025
0.03
0.025
0.03
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.1
1.5
1.5
1.5
0.01
0.003
0.01
0.003
0.01
0.003
35
Nitrate and nitrite content in
0.07
0.07
0.07
terms of nitrogen, %, max
Application: In manufacture of fertilizers, technical detergents, synthetic rubber, potassium glass, electrolytes for accumulators, reagents and potassium salts; in oilextracting and
gold mining industries, in machine – building industry, in manufacture of biodiesel fuel.
Packing: 25kg polypropylene bags of 5H3/Y, 500-1000kg big bags of 13H3/Y type on
pallets.
Transportation: railway cars, truck, 20" container
Storage Warranty: 36 months.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (liquid)
Chemical Name: Potassium Hydroxide, liquid.
Synonym & Trade Name: Potassium hydrate, caustic potash, potash lye
Chemical Formula: К – О – Н
Empirical Formula: КОН
Molecular Mass: 56.10
Specifications:
Higher Grade
Solution of blue, green or grey colour, crysAppearance
tallized residue is possible.
Caustic alkalies (KOH+NaOH) content in
54.0
terms of KOH, %, min
Potassium carbonate (К2СО3) content, %,
0.4
max
Chloride content in terms of Cl, %, max
0.7
Sulphate content, %, max
Iron content ,%, max
Potassium chlorate content (КСIO3), %,
max
Silicone content, %, max
0.03
0.004
0.15
0.015
Sodium content in terms of NaOH, %, max
1.7
Calcium content, %, max
0.005
Aluminum content, %, max
0.003
Nitrate and nitrite content in terms of ni0.003
trogen, %, max
Application: In manufacture of fertilizers, synthetic rubber, potassium glass, electrolytes
for accumulators, reagents and potassium salts, antiicers;
Transportation: railway cars, tank truck, ISO tank
Storage Warranty: 36 months.
SODIUM METASILICATE NONAHYDRATE
36
Chemical Name: sodium metasilicate nonahydrate
Synonym & Trade Name: silicic acid, disodium salt; disodium trioxosilicate,
nonahydrate; water glass
Chemical Formula: Na2O· SiO2 · 9H2O (Na2SiO3 · 9H2O)
Empirical Formula: Na2SiO12H18
Molecular Mass: 284.20
Specifications:
Fine crystal powder of various hues of
Appearance
grey or yellow colour.
Mass fraction of alkalinity in terms of sodium
20.5
oxide, %, min
Mass fraction of silicon dioxide, %, min
19.0
Mass fraction of sodium carbonate in terms of
1.2
carbon oxide, %, max
Mass fraction of sesquioxides (R2O5), %, max
0.2
Mass fraction of total moisture, %, max
59.0
Water solutions have alkaline reaction. Temperature of fusion from 40 up to 80 С.
Application: In the textile industry in cotton, flax and silk manufacture for cloth bleaching; in metallurgical and a machine engineering industry for neutralization and removal of
hydrochloric acid from a surface of metal; in manufacture household and washing-up liquids; for printed paints and for oil regeneration; in technological processes of extraction
and transport of petroleum; in quality corrosion inhibitor in system of turnaround water
supply; in disinfection.
Packing: Polyethylene or polypropylene bags of 35 kg.
Transportation: Railway cars, universal container.
Storage Warranty: 12 months.
POTASSIUM CHLORATE
Chemical Name: Potassium chlorate moisten
Synonym & Trade Name: Potassium salt chlornovatic acid, Berthollet`s salt
Empirical Formula: KCIO3
Molecular Mass: 122.55
Specifications:
First Grade
Second Grade
Crystals of white color tinged with
Appearance
yellow
Potassium chlorate content in terms of dry sub99.8
99.7
stance,%, min
Moisture,%, max
7.0
7.0
Substances nonsalute in water content, %,max
0.04
0.04
Chloride content in terms of calcium chloride
0.03
0.05
(CaC12), max,
Sulphate content in terms of calcium sulphate
0.03
0.07
37
(CaS04), %, max
Bromate content in terms of potassium bromate %,
0.008
0.025
max,
Alkali content in terms of calcium oxide (CaO), %,
0.015
0.02
max,
Organic substances content, %, max
0.005
0.01
Application: In chemical, metallurgical, pyrotechnical and match industries.
Packing: 25kg polypropylene bags of 5H3/Y tupe on pallets/Polypropylene bags with
polyethylene bags-inserts. Weight of 40 kg.
Transportation: railway car, truck, 20" container.
Storage Warranty: 6 months.
POTASSIUM-LITHIUM ELECTROLYTE
Chemical Name: potassium-lithium electrolyte alkaline, solid
Synonym & Trade Name: chemical mixture hydroxides potassium and lithium
Empirical Formula: KLiO2H2
Molecular Mass: 80.04
Specifications:
Flakes form of grey-green
Appearance
or grey-lilac or grey colors.
Caustic potash (KOH) content, %,min
88.0
Lithium hydrate content, %,min
3.4
Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) content,%,max
1.9
Chloride content in terms of chlorine-ion, %,max
0.75
Sulphate content in terms of sulphate-ion, %,max
0.03
Calcium content, %,max
Nitrate and nitrite content in terms of nitrogen, %,
max
0.005
Sodium content in terms of caustic soda, %, max
2.0
Iron content, %, max
Aluminum content, %, max
Silicone content, %, max
0.003
0.035
0.005
0.02
LiOH : KOH = 0.04
Application: for producing solutions with specific gravity of 1.19-1.21. The solutions are
added into alkaline accumulators after the correction of their specific gravity, cooling and
decantation.
Packing: steel drums of 90 kg.
Transportation: railway cars.
Storage Warranty: 36 months.
38
CAUSTIC SODA GLASS
Chemical Name: sodium silicate solution
Synonym & Trade Name: sodium silicate solution, sodium metasilicate,
water-soluble sodium silicate, sodium silicate.
Chemical Formula: Na2O · n SiO2, where n=2.45 – 3.0
Physical and chemical properties:
Viscous liquid of greenish-grey
Appearance
or brown color.
Silicate module (molecular ratio SiO2 / Na2O) , not less
2.45
Density at , g/sm3
1.48 – 1.55
Mass fraction of water- insolubles, %, not more
1.8
Application: for silica gel, plumbum silicate, sodium metasilicate, synthetic detergents
and household chemical goods production; as a chemical agent in technological process
of oil production and transportation; for paper treatment as glue for cardboard and cardboard products; for production of heat resisting and refractory concretes, concrete structures and products; for soil stabilization at road laying, air field covering and foundation
building, as a component in solutions for refractory masonry; fabric bleaching; for manufacture of forms and rods, dressings, welding electrodes, ceramic fluxes for arc welding;
for vitrification of highly active nuclear wastes.
Packing: 100 liter steel barrels, railway tanks
Transportation: railway tanks, railway cars, trucks.
Storage Warranty: 6 months after production.
Certification information: sanitary and epidemiological certificate, certificate of conformity and certificate for application in technological processes of oil production and
transportation.
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
Chemical Name: hypochlorous sodium
Synonym & Trade Name: sodium hypochlorite.
Chemical Formula: Na – O – CI
Empirical Formula: NaCIO
Molecular Mass: 74.44
Specifications:
Appearance
Liquid of sulphureous color
Optical transmission factor, %, not less
20
Mass concentration of active chlorine, g/dm3 , not less
190
Mass concentration of alkali as NaOH, g/dm3
10-20
Mass concentration of ferrum, g/dm3, not more
0.02
Note: 10 days after shipment a maximum 30 % loss (compared with the initial content) of
active chlorine and alteration of color (into reddish-brown) is allowed.
39
Application: in chemical industry, for chemical treatment of water, for drinking water
disinfection and water disinfection of swimming pools and sewages, for disinfection and
bleaching of fabrics and paper, for production of bleaching substance "Belizna" and other
consumer goods.
Packing: Special steel gummed railway and truck tanks or containers, up to 60 liter polyethylene canisters or barrels. Blacked out or dark painted glass lathed flasks.
Transportation: by trucks according to transport rules for this type of vehicles. By railroad – in special gummed railway tanks with top discharge according to transport rules
for this type of transport means.
Storage: Special gummed or covered with corrosion-resistant material vessels with protection against direct sunshine. Storage with organic products, fuels or acids is not allowed.
Certification information: sanitary-and-epidemiologic Certificate.
POTASSIUM GLASS
Chemical Name: potassium silicate solution
Synonym & Trade Name: potassium silicate solution, potassium metasilicate, watersoluble potassium silicate.
Chemical Formula: K2O · n SiO2 , where n=2.3 – 3.0
Specifications:
Viscous liquid with greenish Appearance
grey, grayish-brown or brown
color.
Silicate module (molecular ratio SiO2 / K2O) , not less
2.3
Density, g/sm3
1.4 – 1.56
Mass fraction of water-insolubles, %, not more
1.8
Application: for production of vanadic catalyst, granular catalyst for ammonia synthesis,
silicate paints for household chemical goods, for paper treatment, as glue for cardboard
and cardboard products; production of acid resistant and refractory concretes, concrete
structures and products; for soil stabilization at road laying, air field covering and foundation building, as a component in solutions for refractory masonry; for manufacture of
forms and rods, welding electrodes, ceramic fluxes for arc welding; for vitrification of
highly active nuclear wastes.
Packing: 100 liter steel barrels, railway tanks.
Transportation: railway tanks, railway cars, trucks.
Storage Warranty: 6 months after production.
Professional language development
9
a) 1) e 2) d
3) f
4) b
5) g
b)
exporter?
importer?
To break into a market
To place an order
To meet a delivery date
To quote a price
40
6) c
7) a
exporter and importer?
To carry out a market survey
To arrange insurance cover
10
11
1) d 2) a
3) e
1) launched
2) orders
3) complaints
4) incomplete
4) b
5) f
5) in transit
6) careless
7) withdraw
8) inspection
6) g
7) c
9) tests
10) modified
11) relaunched
12) failed to deliver
13) cancelled
14) durability
15) reliability
16) long-lasting
Listening
12 1) technical characteristics
5) 30%
2) liquids with low viscosity
6) 3 days
3) power
7) methods of payment
4) discount system
8) insurance
Tapescript
- So you would like to buy our pumps. What information exactly would you like to
know?
- Firstly I’d like to ask you about technical characteristics of your product.
- Well, we have 2 main types of pumps. The pumps of type A are intended to pump
over liquids with low viscosity. Their capacity is about 3 kW. The pumps of type
B are used to for viscous liquids and soles and their capacity is 5 kW.
- That’s wonderful! Could you tell about discounts? Does your company have any
discount system?
- Certainly. If you buy 50 pumps you will get 10% discount, and if you buy more
than 100 pumps you’ll get 30% discount.
- And what about dispatch?
- You will get pumps in 3 days.
- What about methods of payment? Should I pay by letter of credit or by bank draft?
- You may choose any way you like. But if you pay by banker’s draft you will get
insurance free.
- OK. I’ll buy 100 A-pumps.
- All right. It’s nice to deal with you.
13 Individual SS’ answers
Speaking
14 Individual SS’ answers
15 Individual SS’ answers
16 Individual SS’ answers
Project work
17
Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication,
visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of
presentation, timing).
Writing
18
Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
spelling and punctuation, register and format.
19
Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
spelling and punctuation, register and format.
41
UNIT 10 Materials in chemical industry
Starting up
1
a Benzene Extraction Plant
b Hydrogen Plant
c Borosilicate Glass/ Soda Lime Plant
d Sewage Treatment Plant
2
a Benzene Extraction Plant (benzene – oil)
b Hydrogen Plant (hydrogen)
c Borosilicate Glass/ Soda Lime Plant (Borosilicate Glass/ Soda Lime/cooking glass)
d Sewage Treatment Plant (clearing, e.g. water)
Reading
3
Individual SS’ answers
4
Individual SS’ answers
Possible answers: 1) material characterization/industrial applications of materials
science; 2) metal alloys; 3) polymers; 4) composite materials
5
processing techniques – the process of converting raw materials into a final product
extraction of materials – the act of extracting or the extraction condition of being
extracted
conversion – a change or adaptation in form, character, or function
metal alloy – a metallic material, such as steel, brass, or bronze, consisting of a mixture of two or more metals or of metallic elements with nonmetallic elements
additive – any substance added to something to improve it, prevent deterioration, etc
concrete – a construction material made of a mixture of cement, sand, stone, and
water that hardens to a stonelike mass
6
1) processing techniques
2) electrolytic extraction
3) industrial applications
4) materials science
5) foundry techniques
Possible answers:
metal alloys
steel, stainless steel, cast
iron, tool steel, alloy steels,
low, mid and high carbon
steels,
aluminium,
titanium, copper (bronze,
brass) and magnesium alloys
6) stainless steel
7) cast iron
8) tensile strength
9) copper alloys
10) electromagnetic shielding
7
8
polymers
plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC (polyvinyl-chloride), polystyrene,
nylon, polyester, acrylic,
polyurethane,
polycarbonate
Individual SS’ answers
42
composite materials
steel-reinforced
concrete,
plastic casing, thermoplastic
matrix,
acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene
(ABS),
calcium carbonate chalk,
talc, glass fibre, carbon fibre
9
10
1C
Product
steel
diamonds
energy
polymers
11
2A
3E
4G
5B
6D
Technological
Product uses
conditions
At high temperatures, carbon sheet steel and tools; used for automocombines with iron
bile and aircraft engine parts;
used for transportation equipment and
structural beams;
Stainless steel for engine parts or kitchen utensils;
synthesis; at high temperature gem cutters, surgeons, and manufacturand pressure
ers use diamond knives and drills;
used as abrasives;
cutting tools
People burn fossil fuels to -anthracite (containing the most carbon)
generate energy. Burning or is valuable coal;
combustion, is the reaction of - a lignite (containing the least amount
a substance with oxygen to of carbon) is the least valuable;
produce new substances and
energy (in the form of heat).
When coal burns, carbon reacts with oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and heat. The
higher the carbon content, the
greater the energy released in
combustion. Burning releases
energy when bonds between
the atoms break and when
carbon and hydrogen atoms
recombine with oxygen to
form carbon dioxide and water.
synthesis
Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, paints, synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber, and plastics, synthetic fibers, nylon, rayon, and
polyester. All the plastics, from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in soft
drink bottles to polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) in window frames to styrene in
car parts, depend on the properties of
carbon.
Individual SS’ answers
Professional Language Development
43
12
1 inorganic
2 organic
3 inorganic
4 inorganic
5 organic
6 inorganic
7 inorganic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_compound
13
1) substances
2) production
3) manufacturing
4) buildings
5) art
6) stars
14
1) i
2) e
3) a
4) g
7) computers
8) raw material
9) finishing
10) distribution
11) construction
12) consumption
5) b
6) c
7)h
8) d
13) cotton
14) cloth
15) garment
16) steelmaking
17) ore
18) steel
9) f
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science
Speaking
15
Individual SS’ answers
16
Product description (H2SO4)
Chemical name
Trade names
Chemical formula
Molecular weight
Packaging/ Delivery
Properties
Product description (HCl)
Chemical name
Chemical nature
Trade name
Ingredient
Chemical formula
Relative molar mass
Form supplied and packaging
Properties
Storage
Applications
Safety
Storage
Applications
Safety
Project work
17
Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication,
visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of
presentation, timing).
Writing
18
Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
spelling, register and format.
44
UNIT 11 Technological process in chemical industry:
tools & equipment
Starting up
1
Individual SS’ answers
2
A boilers
B reactor
C mixer
D centrifuge
E furnace
F heat exchanger
G extruder
H fraction distillation column
3
Individual SS’ answers
4
Boiler – a closed vessel or arrangement of enclosed tubes in which water is heated to
supply steam to drive an engine or turbine or provide heat;
Reactor – a vessel, esp. one in industrial use, in which a chemical reaction takes
place;
Mixer – a kitchen appliance, usually electrical, used for mixing foods, etc;
Centrifuge – rotating machines that separate liquids from solids or dispersions of
one liquid in another, by the action of centrifugal force;
Furnace – an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to generate steam, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc;
Heat exchanger – a device for transferring heat from one fluid to another without
allowing them to mix;
Extruder – to extrude, press, squeeze, squeeze out;
Fraction distillation column/rectifying column – to rectify, distillate, separate
Reading
5
Individual SS’ answers
6
1e
2b
3h
4а
5g
6с
7b
8f
7
design – a plan, scheme, or project
solid – a substance in a physical state in which it resists changes in size and shape
appropriate equipment – right or suitable; fitting
unit operation – production unit
economic cost – expenses
assembly-line – a sequence of machines, tools, operations, workers, etc., in a factory, arranged so that at each stage a further process is carried out
automatic control – self-operated control
8
distillation – the process of evaporating or boiling a liquid and condensing its vapour; purification or separation of mixture by using different evaporation rates or
boiling points of their components
crystallization – conversion of liquid into solid
dissolution – the resolution or separation into component parts; disintegration; destruction by breaking up and dispersing
filtration – the act or process of filtering
extraction – the act of extracting or the condition of being extracted
45
9
1) B
2) A
3) D
4) C
5) F
6) E
7) J
8) G
9) H
10) I
Professional Language Development
10 1) d
4) a
7) j
10) h
13) n
2) i
5) k
8) e
11) c
14) m
3) f
6) g
9) b
12) o
15) l
11
mixer, compressor, mill, kiln, dryer
Cement Equipment
boiler, briquetter, centrifuge, separator, compressor, dryer, dust colChemical
lector, evaporator, filter, furnace, heat exchanger, kettle, mill, reEquipment
frigeration, screen, solvent distillation
Food Processing blancher, briquetter, dicer, pulper, ribbon blender, ribbon mixer,
tank, Raymond mill
heat exchanger, boiler, industrial evaporator, reactor, conveyor
Industrial Processing
grinding mill, crusher, ball mill, spiral separator/classifier, magnetic
Mining Equipseparator, mixer, dryer, vibrating screen, belt conveyor, Raymond
ment
mill
Pharmaceutical conveyor, capsule filler, centrifuge, compressor, dryer, dust collector, mixer, kettle, reactor, evaporator
Equipment
filter, boiler, centrifuge, evaporator, heat exchanger, kettle, reactor,
Water
screen, screw press, belt press, sludge separator, tank
Treatment
12
1 building
2 gas
13
1) indicator
2) applications
3) measurement
4) variety
3 valves
4 specialists
5 assurance
6 quality
5) replacement
6) removing
7) configurations
Speaking
14 b) Individual SS’ answers
15 Individual SS’ answers
16
№
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Equipment
CARBIDE HOPPER
ACETYLENE GENERATOR
L.P. DRYER
PURIFIER
AMMONIA SCRUBBER
ACETYLENE COMPRESSOR
H.P. DRYER
CYLINDER FILLING MANIFOLD
ACETONE PUMP
FLAME PROOF MOTORS
46
7 petroleum
17
Individual SS’ answers
Project work
18
Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication,
visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of
presentation, timing).
Writing
19 Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
spelling, register and format.
47
UNIT 12 Safety at work
Proverb

Get the SS to read the proverb at the head of the page

Elicit SS’ understanding of the proverb

Put SS in pairs or small groups and tell them to think of some examples to prove the
proverb
Starting up
1
Possible answers: fire, spilt chemicals, splashes from acid; injuries: burns, cuts, electrical shock, fractures, poisoning (intoxication), etc.
2
Before working
To see warning symbols;
To check equipment;
To put safety wear on;
To know safety rules
During working
After working
Wearing hard hat, safety glass- Using First Aid Kit
es, respiratory mask, ear defenders; using flashlight, transmitter, etc.;
Following safety rules
3
1) ear defenders: they protect from high sound effect
2) safety glasses/goggles: they protect from eye injury and other harmful effect
3) respiratory mask: it protects human’s respiratory tract from harmful effect
4) safety gloves: they protect skin of hands from injuries
5) lab coat (safety wear/clothing)
6) safety footwear
7) hard hat protects a head from injuries
4
Individual SS’ answers
(a)
highly flammable – burning easily
harmful – causing or likely to cause harm
explosive – able to explode
corrosive – gradually making smth weaker and possibly destroying it
oxidizing – making smth combine with oxygen, especially in a way that causes rust
toxic – containing poison or caused by poisonous substances
environmental – concerning or affecting the air, land or water on Earth
biohazard – dangerous for living things
radioactive – containing substanses which are able to emit ionizing radiation (=a
form of energy that can harm living things)
(b)
1) b
2) d
3) c
4) a
5) I
6) f
7) e
8) h
9) g
48
Reading
5
Individual SS’ answers
6
1) B
2) D
3) F
4) H
5) A
6) C
7
1) D
2) B
3) C
4) D
8
1) a
9
– The following information is not mentioned in the report: sex of injured worker,
date/time of accident, witness(es) – name and department.
– The delay is more than 24 hours
5) D
6) D
2) c
7) D
8) D
9) I
9) D
10) D
3) b
Professional Language development
10 1) C
3) H
5) I
2) E
4) A
6) G
11
1) corrosive
2) flammable
3) toxic
12
A Electrical Hazard Sign
B No Open Flames
C Fire Extinguisher Sign
13
(a) a) assistant
b) coat
c) supervisor
d) blanket
e) extinguisher
(b)
Individual SS’ answers
14 1) b 2) d
15
Noun
1 explosion
2 flame
3 chemistry
4 hazard
7) E
8) G
7) F
8) D
4) radiation
7) electricity
5) biohazard
8) combustible
6) No Open Flames 9) functional
3) e
9) B
10) nonpotable
11) explosive
12) chemical containers
D Nonpotable Water Sign
E Chemistry Hazard Label
f) sign
g) rules
h) equipment
i) fumes
j) materials
4) a
Adjective
explosive
flammable
chemical
hazardous
5) c
Verb/adjective
1 radiate
2 electrical
3 extinguish
4 save
Speaking
16 Individual SS’ answers
17 Individual SS’ answers
18 Individual SS’ answers
49
Noun
radiation
electricity
extinguisher
safety
19
20
Individual SS’ answers
Individual SS’ answers
Project work
21
Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication,
visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of
presentation, timing).
Writing
22 Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
spelling, register and format.
50
UNIT 13 Resource saving
Starting up
1
A energy
B land
C biota
D minerals
2
Individual SS’ answers
E water
Reading
3
Individual SS’ answers
4
1) Humans appropriate 24 per cent of the Earth's production capacity that would otherwise have gone to nature. Resources consumed: fossil fuels, carbon, land, tropical rainforests.
2) The result is a gradual depletion of species and habitats, devastating effects on the
climate
3) growing more plants like palm oil and rapeseed for biofuels to ease our reliance
on fossil fuels; producing food more efficiently; intensifying agriculture on roughly the same amount of land as we use now.
to gobble up – to eat or swallow (food) hastily and in large mouthfuls
species – any group of related animals or plants
to appropriate – to take for one's own use, esp illegally or without permission
depletion – exhaustion
habitat – the environment in which an animal or plant normally lives or grows
consumption – the act of consuming or the state of being consumed, esp by eating,
burning, etc
annually – every year
to cope – to deal successfully with or handle a situation; manage
to expand – to make or become greater in extent, volume, size, or scope; increase
fertile – capable of producing offspring
rainforest – dense forest found in tropical areas of heavy rainfall. The trees are
broad-leaved and evergreen, and the vegetation tends to grow in three layers (undergrowth, intermediate trees and shrubs, and very tall trees, which form a canopy) Also
called: selva
full-scale – universal, all-embracing, total, complete
implication – the act of implicating or the state of being implicated
to foresee – to see or know beforehand
to wipe out – to destroy completely
devastating – extremely effective in a destructive way
evaporation – vaporization
5
6
1) based on figures
7) to expand production of biofuels
2) gradual depletion of species and habitats 8) tropical rainforests
3) palm oil
9) full-scale replacement
4) to ease reliance on
10) dramatic implications for ecosystems
5) fossil fuels
11) to meet the biofuel targets
6) fires lit by humans
12) devastating effects on the climate
51
Professional Language development
7
1) raw materials
2) valuable
3) natural
4) petroleum extraction
5) forestry
8
1) valuable minerals
2) geological
3) ore
4) base metals
5) precious metals
6) coal
7) diamonds
8) agricultural
9) artificially
10) laboratory
9
1) reason – reasonably
2) explore – exploring
3) consider – considerable
4) produce – products
5) efficient – efficiency
6) renewable
7) fossil fuels
8) coal
9) natural gas
10) tax on consumption
11) factory
12) natural gas
13) water
14) art
15) science
16) wood
17) wildlife habitat
18) landscape
19) biodiversity
20) carbon dioxide
6) compete – competition
7) strict – stricter
8) innovate – innovation
9) competition – competitive
10) friend – friendly
Speaking
10 a) Individual SS’ answers
b)
Individual SS’ answers
11
Individual SS’ answers
Project work
12
Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication,
visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of
presentation, timing).
Writing
13 Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
spelling, register and format.
52
UNIT 14 Waste disposal
Starting up
1
Individual SS’ answers
2
A (2) Sanitary Landfill
B (4) Ocean dumping
C (1) Incineration
D (3) Hazardous waste containers
E (5) Recycling
F (6) Open dumping/landfill
3
1) Sanitary landfill – disposal of waste material by burying it under layers of earth
2) Incineration – disposal method that involves combustion of waste material.
3) Ocean dumping – disposal of waste material by burying it under water
4) Recycling – to reclaim (packaging or products with a limited useful life) for further use
5) Open dumping/landfill – disposal of waste material without burying it under
earth but
6) Hazardous waste containers – disposal of waste material without burying, combustion or dumping
Reading
4
Possible headlines: 1) Hazardous waste
2) Waste minimization and recycling
3) Disposal options
5
1) a liquid, solid, sludge, or containerized gas waste substance
2) quantity, concentration, or chemical properties
3) when it is corrosive, flammable, unstable, or toxic
4) Sources of hazardous waste may include industry, research, medical, household,
chemical producers, agriculture, and mining, as well as many others.
5) The recycling of waste through waste exchanges is one aspect of industrial ecology. Waste exchange also promotes the use of one company's waste as another company's raw material.
6) The ideal disposal method is the destruction and conversion of hazardous waste to
a non-hazardous form.
7) The most common form of hazardous waste disposal in the United States is landfilling.
6
Method of
waste disposal
Landfill
Principle of working
burying hazardous
waste under layers of
earth
Examples
(if mentioned)
–
Injection well
Injecting hazardous
–
53
Problems associated
with the method
Toxic substances leak
into surrounding
groundwater which is a
major source of drinking water worldwide
and once it is contaminated, pollutants are
extremely difficult and
costly to remove.
See “landfill” point
Incineration
Bioremediation
Transportation
off-site
7
waste under layers of
earth with the help
of well
A way to convert
hazardous waste into
a nonhazardous form
while greatly decreasing its volume;
A way to convert
hazardous wastes to
nontoxic by-products
using microorganisms and natural
degradation processes;
hazardous waste is to
be transported offsite for disposal
The waste is
burned and converted into carbon
dioxide, water, and
inorganic byproducts.
Phytoremediation,
the process by
which plants absorb and in some
cases degrade hazardous substances
in the environment.
–
a) RCRA – The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
EPA – The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
b) Individual SS’ answers
Professional Language development
8
1) which/that
6) before
2) rid
7) few
3) into/to
8) with
4) a
9) of/for
5) than
10) all/any
9
1) attract – attracted
2) install – installed
3) house – household
4) extract – extraction
5) like – unlike
11) not
12) on
13) and
14) so
15) other
6) package – packaging
7) less – unless
8) second – secondly
9) sell – sold
10) great – greater
Speaking
10 Individual SS’ answers
11 Individual SS’ answers
12 Individual SS’ answers
Project work
54
high capital and operating costs; the disposal
of ash, which may contain hazardous substances; incinerating
wastes can cause mercury and dioxin air pollution
It requires very long
treatment times and it
may be difficult to control or enhance natural
degradation processes.
–
13
Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication,
visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of
presentation, timing).
Writing
14 Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar,
spelling, register and format.
55
UNIT 15 Innovations in chemical engineering
Starting up
1
Individual SS’ answers
2
1) D
3) F
2) A
4) E
3
Individual SS’ reports
5) C
6) B
Reading
4
Individual SS’ answers
5
Individual SS’ answers
6
factor
dosimeter
indicator
acid-release agent
pigment material
radiation
effective
solution
7
1. contributing factor
2. skin cancer
3. sun exposure
4. acid-release agent
5. colour change
8
(a) Individual SS’ answers
(b) Individual SS’ answers
6. a tin oxide photocatalyst
7. pigment materials
8. UV radiation
9. academic science
10. greatest challenge
9
A–7
C–1
E–6
G–3
B–5
D–2
F–4
(The interview with a professor at Queen's University Belfast, UK – A Prasanna de
Silva.) (Chem. Technol., 2009,6. T25-T32 T29)
What led you to specialise in supramolecular chemistry?
The philosophical breadth of supramolecular chemistry, especially in the hands of JeanMarie Lehn and Seiji Shinkai, was clear to see during the early 1980s. Around this time,
I had just completed my PhD research in organic photochemistry at Queen's University
Belfast under Jim Grimshaw. Combiningphotochemistry with supramolecular chemistry
permitted the fluorescence signalling of alkali metal ions-a virgin field at the time.
Your research helped develop blood diagnostic cassettes. How does this chemistry
work?
Fluorescent molecular sensors can gather information about atomic or molecular behaviour from environments of nanometre dimensions. We developed sensors which contain
a fluorescent unit and a receptor unit joined through a spacer module. This
supermolerale loses its fluorescence capability owing to an inter-module photoinduced
electron transfer (PET) quite similar to that seen in green plant photosynthesis. This PET
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process is stopped the moment the receptor module captures its target, for example a
sodium ion, thereby switching the suppressed fluorescence back on. Thus the fluorescence signal measures the concentration level of the target species.
In collaboration with Roche Diagnostics (now Optimedical), we produced fluorescent
PET sensors held inside small plastic cassettes. These sensors respond to various blood
gases and electrolytes and are used in hospital critical care units, ambulances, general
practice surgeries and even veterinary environments. The cassettes have had sales of
over 55 million US dollars so far.
You have said in the past that you persuade molecules to perform arithmetic operations. What you mean by this?
Conventional silicon-based logic devices use electric voltages as the inputs and outputs.
The first examples of molecular logic gates used chemical species such as protons and
sodium ions as inputs along with fluorescence as the output. Nathan McClenaghan and I
designed molecules which could perform the computation of adding one and one to get
two. Though elementary, this computation is understandable to virtually everyone on the
planet. So, persuading molecules to do arithmetic was an important early step on the
journey of molecular logic and computation.
What is the next bigt hing that you would like to tackle in your lab?
Molecular logic and computation is a young field with a need to prove itself in different
ways. Demonstratingreal-life applications which conventional silicon-based
computingcannot do would be one such avenue. We have already shown an application
where a population of small micrometric objects are given identification tags made up of
molecular logic gates. This is a bit like faces on people or number plates on cars except
everything is a lot smaller. Such molecular computational identification (MOD) can address far smaller objects than those handled conveniently by the popular RFID (radiofrequency identification) technology. We now need to generalize this MCID technique
and broaden its applicability.
What is hot at the moment in your research area?
Molecular computingor data processingin small spaces is the hot topic. These molecular
devices will reach where silicon devices cannot easily go, whether it be inside living
cells, on the surface of plastic beads or inside detergent micelles.
Which scientist, current or historic, do you most admire and why?
Thomas Andrews was the first professor of chemistry at the then Queen's College of
Belfasi 150 years ago. Even1 time water turns to vapou г о г ice, I am reminded of this
man's work on the effects of temperature and pressure on materials. Also at that time,
George Boole at University College Cork. Ireland laid the foundations of modern computing with his ideas on logic and algebra. These two giants in the north and the south of
a small island changed the way the world worked.
If you weren't a scientist, what would you do?
I would have to be a percussionist. I have pi ayed all my life and, like many Sri Lankan
kids, I got my grounding in rhythm at a young age. Northern Ireland, with its rich musical tradition, was a great place to put that rhythm to use. It was a just matter of
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timebefore I was introduced to a band where a Sri Lankan percussionist could blend
with Irish fiddles, flutes, banjos, bodhrans and voices. We have enjoyed playing together
for the last 13 years, even though I have been advised to hold onto my day job!
10 Individual SS’ answers
Professional Language development
11
verb
noun (thing)
develop
development
design
invent
innovate
produce
create
pioneer
patent
design
invention
innovation
production
creation
patent
noun (person)
developer
designer
inventor
inventor
producer
creator
pioneer
patentee
adjective
developed
developmental
developing
Inventive/invented
innovative
productive
Creative/created
pioneering
Patent/patented
12
positive
negative
Efficient, brilliant, ingenious, revolution- Ridiculous, uneconomical, impractical,
ary, viable, beneficial, ground-breaking, useless, pointless
clever, marketable, feasible
13
1 ultraviolet
2 light
3 bugs
4 photochemistry
5 hydrogen
6 sewage
7 bug-killing
8 germ-free
9 domestic
10 chemicals
14 http://altachemical.com/index.php?page=techno&pid=290
1) innovation
6) generating
2) chemists
7) developed
3) production
8) developments
4) marketing
10) successfully
5) working
11) commercial
Speaking
15 Individual SS’ answers
Project work
16
Criteria to assess SS’ presentations : stage presence, interactive communication,
visual aids, grammar and vocabulary correctness, language use, coherence, structure of
presentation, timing).
Writing
Criteria to assess SS’ writing tasks : content, structure, vocabulary, grammar, spelling,
register and format.
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Учебное издание
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ДЛЯ ИНЖЕНЕРОВ-ХИМИКОВ
Книга для преподавателя
Учебное пособие
Авторы-составители
ПЕТРОВСКАЯ Татьяна Семеновна
РЫМАНОВА Ирина Евгеньевна
МАКАРОВСКИХ Александра Викторовна
Издано в авторской редакции
Научный редактор
кандидат филологических наук, доцент
А.В. Диденко
Дизайн обложки А.И. Сидоренко
Отпечатано в Издательстве ТПУ в полном соответствии
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