Uploaded by Brenda Garcia

Cell Division

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CELL
DIVISION
Reading Comprehension
COLOR
& BW
CELL DIVISION
Living organisms are required to constantly make new cells to replace
old dead cells. This process is known as cell division is constantly
occurring. In the average human body about two trillion cell divisions
occur daily.
Types
The three main types of cell division are: binary fission, mitosis, and
meiosis. Simple organisms, like bacteria, use binary fission. Other cells
that are more complex use either mitosis or meiosis to gain new cells.
Mitosis
When a cell needs to be replicated into an exact copy of itself, the
process of mitosis is used. Everything in a cell is duplicated, so the two
new cells have the same DNA, function, and genetic code. The mother
cell is the original cell, and the two new cells are known as the daughter
cells. Cells produced through mitosis include skin, blood, and muscle
cells in the human body.
Mitosis Cycle
There are different phases of the cell cycle.
Interphase
The “normal” state of a cell is known as “interphase.”
Genetic material is duplicated during the interphase stage.
When a cell receives the signal to duplicate, it enters the
first state of mitosis, called “prophase.”
Prophase
The chromatin condenses into chromosomes during the
prophase stage. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus
break down.
Metaphase
The chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell during
metaphase.
©Teaching to the Middle
Anaphase
The separation begins in anaphase. Half of the
chromosomes are pulled to one side, while the other half
go the other way. Once they reach the side of the cell, it is
time for telophase.
Telophase
The cell division finishes up during the telophase.
The cell forms two nuclear membranes around
each set of chromosomes during telophase. Then
the chromosomes uncoil and the cell walls pinch
off and split down the middle. The daughter cells,
or two new cells, are then formed.
Cytokinesis
The splitting of the cells is known as
cytokinesis or cell cleavage.
Meiosis
When an entire organism needs to reproduce, the meiosis process
occurs. There are two major differences between mitosis and meiosis.
The meiosis process has two divisions. Upon completion, meiosis
produces four new cells instead of only two. Another difference is that
the new cells only have half of the DNA of the original cell in meiosis.
This is vital for Earth’s living organism that require new genetic
combinations and a variety of life.
Diploids and Haploids
Cells produced during mitosis are known as diploids since they have two
complete sets of chromosomes. Cells produced from meiosis are called
haploids because they contain half the number of chromosomes as
the original cell.
Binary Fission
Simple organisms, like bacteria, go through a cell division process known
as binary fission. The DNA replicates and the cell grows to twice its
normal size. Duplicate strands of DNA then move to opposite sides of
the cell. The cell wall then “pinches” off in the middle to form two
separate cells.
©Teaching to the Middle
Name_________________________________________
Cell Division
Identify: Use the word bank to identify each term described.
mother cell
interphase
cytokinesis
prophase
meiosis
mitosis
daughter cells
binary fission
anaphase
diploids
metaphase
telophase
1.
The chromosomes separate and move to the
opposite sides of the cell in this phase of mitosis
2.
The “normal” state of a cell
3.
The splitting of the cells in mitosis
4.
Process that makes an exact copy of a cell
5.
Process used when it is time for an entire organism
to reproduce
6.
Original cell
7.
The cell walls pinch off and split down the middle
during this phase of mitosis
8.
The new cells produced
9.
Cells produced from mitosis because they have two
complete sets of chromosomes
10.
First step of mitosis
11.
Part of mitosis when the chromosomes line up
12.
Cell division process for simple organisms
©Teaching to the Middle
Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer.
13.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is NOT a main type of cell division?
Mitosis
Meiosis
Interphase
Binary Fission
14.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which step of mitosis is illustrated to the right?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What type of organisms mainly undergo binary fission?
Humans
Plants
Animals
Bacteria
16. How often do living organisms make new cells?
A. Never
B. Sometimes
C. Frequently
D. Constantly
17. Which of the following is NOT a difference in mitosis and meiosis?
A. Mitosis produces new cells, while meiosis does not.
B. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the mother cell,
while meiosis produces four daughter cells.
C. Cells produced during mitosis are known as, while cells produced
from meiosis are called haploids.
D. Chromosome numbers remain the same in mitosis, while they are
reduced by half in meiosis.
18. What mainly occurs during the telophase part of mitosis?
A. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
B. Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell.
C. Chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
D. The cell walls pinch off and split down the middle.
©Teaching to the Middle
CELL DIVISION
Living organisms are required to constantly make new cells to replace
old dead cells. This process is known as cell division is constantly
occurring. In the average human body about two trillion cell divisions
occur daily.
Types
The three main types of cell division are: binary fission, mitosis, and
meiosis. Simple organisms, like bacteria, use binary fission. Other cells
that are more complex use either mitosis or meiosis to gain new cells.
Mitosis
When a cell needs to be replicated into an exact copy of itself, the
process of mitosis is used. Everything in a cell is duplicated, so the two
new cells have the same DNA, function, and genetic code. The mother
cell is the original cell, and the two new cells are known as the daughter
cells. Cells produced through mitosis include skin, blood, and muscle
cells in the human body.
Mitosis Cycle
There are different phases of the cell cycle.
Interphase
The “normal” state of a cell is known as “interphase.”
Genetic material is duplicated during the interphase stage.
When a cell receives the signal to duplicate, it enters the
first state of mitosis, called “prophase.”
Prophase
The chromatin condenses into chromosomes during the
prophase stage. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus
break down.
Metaphase
The chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell during
metaphase.
©Teaching to the Middle
Anaphase
The separation begins in anaphase. Half of the
chromosomes are pulled to one side, while the other half
go the other way. Once they reach the side of the cell, it is
time for telophase.
Telophase
The cell division finishes up during the telophase.
The cell forms two nuclear membranes around
each set of chromosomes during telophase. Then
the chromosomes uncoil and the cell walls pinch
off and split down the middle. The daughter cells,
or two new cells, are then formed.
Cytokinesis
The splitting of the cells is known as
cytokinesis or cell cleavage.
Meiosis
When an entire organism needs to reproduce, the meiosis process
occurs. There are two major differences between mitosis and meiosis.
The meiosis process has two divisions. Upon completion, meiosis
produces four new cells instead of only two. Another difference is that
the new cells only have half of the DNA of the original cell in meiosis.
This is vital for Earth’s living organism that require new genetic
combinations and a variety of life.
Diploids and Haploids
Cells produced during mitosis are known as diploids since they have two
complete sets of chromosomes. Cells produced from meiosis are called
haploids because they contain half the number of chromosomes as
the original cell.
Binary Fission
Simple organisms, like bacteria, go through a cell division process known
as binary fission. The DNA replicates and the cell grows to twice its
normal size. Duplicate strands of DNA then move to opposite sides of
the cell. The cell wall then “pinches” off in the middle to form two
separate cells.
©Teaching to the Middle
Name_________________________________________
Cell Division
Identify: Use the word bank to identify each term described.
mother cell
interphase
cytokinesis
prophase
meiosis
mitosis
daughter cells
binary fission
anaphase
diploids
metaphase
telophase
1.
The chromosomes separate and move to the
opposite sides of the cell in this phase of mitosis
2.
The “normal” state of a cell
3.
The splitting of the cells in mitosis
4.
Process that makes an exact copy of a cell
5.
Process used when it is time for an entire organism
to reproduce
6.
Original cell
7.
The cell walls pinch off and split down the middle
during this phase of mitosis
8.
The new cells produced
9.
Cells produced from mitosis because they have two
complete sets of chromosomes
10.
First step of mitosis
11.
Part of mitosis when the chromosomes line up
12.
Cell division process for simple organisms
©Teaching to the Middle
Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer.
13.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is NOT a main type of cell division?
Mitosis
Meiosis
Interphase
Binary Fission
14.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which step of mitosis is illustrated to the right?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What type of organisms mainly undergo binary fission?
Humans
Plants
Animals
Bacteria
16. How often do living organisms make new cells?
A. Never
B. Sometimes
C. Frequently
D. Constantly
17. Which of the following is NOT a difference in mitosis and meiosis?
A. Mitosis produces new cells, while meiosis does not.
B. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the mother cell,
while meiosis produces four daughter cells.
C. Cells produced during mitosis are known as, while cells produced
from meiosis are called haploids.
D. Chromosome numbers remain the same in mitosis, while they are
reduced by half in meiosis.
18. What mainly occurs during the telophase part of mitosis?
A. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
B. Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell.
C. Chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
D. The cell walls pinch off and split down the middle.
©Teaching to the Middle
Name_________________________________________
Cell Division
Identify: Use the word bank to identify each term described.
mother cell
interphase
cytokinesis
prophase
meiosis
mitosis
daughter cells
binary fission
anaphase
diploids
metaphase
telophase
1. anaphase
The chromosomes separate and move to the
opposite sides of the cell in this phase of mitosis
2. interphase
The “normal” state of a cell
3. cytokinesis
The splitting of the cells in mitosis
4. mitosis
Process that makes an exact copy of a cell
5. meiosis
Process used when it is time for an entire organism
to reproduce
6. mother cell
Original cell
7. telophase
The cell walls pinch off and split down the middle
during this phase of mitosis
8. daughter cells
The new cells produced
9. diploids
Cells produced from mitosis because they have two
complete sets of chromosomes
10. prophase
First step of mitosis
11. metaphase
Part of mitosis when the chromosomes line up
12. binary fission
Cell division process for simple organisms
©Teaching to the Middle
Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer.
13.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is NOT a main type of cell division?
Mitosis
Meiosis
Interphase
Binary Fission
14.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which step of mitosis is illustrated to the right?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What type of organisms mainly undergo binary fission?
Humans
Plants
Animals
Bacteria
16. How often do living organisms make new cells?
A. Never
B. Sometimes
C. Frequently
D. Constantly
17. Which of the following is NOT a difference in mitosis and meiosis?
A. Mitosis produces new cells, while meiosis does not.
B. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the mother cell,
while meiosis produces four daughter cells.
C. Cells produced during mitosis are known as, while cells produced
from meiosis are called haploids.
D. Chromosome numbers remain the same in mitosis, while they are
reduced by half in meiosis.
18. What mainly occurs during the telophase part of mitosis?
A. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
B. Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell.
C. Chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
D. The cell walls pinch off and split down the middle.
©Teaching to the Middle
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