KEY WRITING TERMS abstract Relating to an idea or thought; not concrete. adjective A word that describes a noun. adverb A word that describes a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a clause; many adverbs end in -ly. aesthetic Having to do with beauty or art. aesthetically Related to beauty. ambiguous modifier A modifier that could modify either of two words. antecedent A noun or noun phrase that is replaced by a pronoun later in the sentence. argument A course of reasoning aimed at showing truth or falsehood. article A word that identifies a noun or noun phrase as definite (the) or indefinite (a, an). avant-garde Art or artists that break the rules and make new ones. awkward modifier A modifier that interrupts the flow of a sentence, often separating the sentence's main components. balance Being even and steady. cause and effect A relationship between one event or action and a second event or action that follows as a result of the first. cause-and-effect paragraph A paragraph that explains how or why something happened.