Macrocystis pyrifera（Giant Kelp）
Individual algae may grow to more than 45 metres (150 feet) long at a rate of as much as
60 cm (2 ft) per day. Giant kelp grows in dense stands known as kelp forests. 长势快
个别藻类可能以每天 60 厘米（2 英尺）的速度长到 45 米（150 英尺）以上。巨型海带
生长在被称为海带森林的茂密林分中。
The stage of the life cycle that is usually seen is the sporophyte. 出现形态
通常看到的生命周期阶段是孢子体。
Individuals may grow to up to 50 m (160 ft) long or more. The kelp often grows even longer
than the distance from the bottom to the surface as it will grow in a diagonal direction due
to the ocean current pushing against the kelp.生长方向受影响
个体可能长到 50 米（160 英尺）或更长。海带的生长通常比从底部到地表的距离还要长，
因为海流会推动海带生长，因此海带会沿对角线方向生长。
It thrives in cooler waters where the ocean water temperature remains mostly below 21 °C
(70 °F),.生境
它在海水温度大部分保持在 21 °C (70 °F) 以下的较凉水域中茁壮成长。
Where the bottom is rocky and affords places for it to anchor, giant kelp forms
extensive kelp beds with large "floating canopies".着陆方式
在底部多岩石的地方，巨大的海带形成了广阔的海带床，并带有巨大的“浮动檐篷”。
When present in large numbers, giant kelp forms kelp forests that are home to many
marine species that depend upon the kelp directly for food and shelter, or indirectly as a
hunting ground for prey. 对生物影响
当大量存在时，巨型海带会形成海带森林，这些森林是许多海洋物种的家园，这些物种直接
依赖海带作为食物和住所，或间接作为猎物的狩猎场。
Both the large size of the kelp and the large number of individuals significantly alter the
availability of light, the flow of ocean currents, and the chemistry of the ocean water in the
area where they grow. 对环境影响
海带的大尺寸和大量个体都显着改变了光的可用性、洋流的流动以及它们生长地区海水的化
学性质。
Pterygophora californica 竞争者
the commercial production of M. pyrifera never became reality. 经济
M. pyrifera 的商业生产从未成为现实。
There is current research going into utilizing M. pyrifera as feed for other aquaculture
species such as shrimps.[27][28] Recently, M. pyrifera has been examined as a possible
feedstock for conversion into ethanol for biofuel use. 潜力
目前正在研究使用 M. pyrifera 作为其他水产养殖物种（如虾）的饲料。[27][28]最近，
M.pyrifera 已被检查作为转化为生物燃料使用的乙醇的可能原料。
In the Northwest Pacific kelp forests in waters near large population centres may be most
affected by the sewer/stormwater discharge. 案例启发
在西北太平洋，靠近大型人口中心的水域中的海藻林可能受下水道/雨水排放的影响最大。
Off the coast of Tasmania, kelp forests have been significantly affected by several
factors. expert in marine ecosystems Craig Johnson says that the loss of the forests "is
almost certainly the result of climate change". The EAC brings warmer waters, which are
also nutrient-poor compared to the previously usual cold water around the coast. Common
kelp (Ecklonia radiata) is better at nitrogen storage than giant kelp, so has been taking over
the areas formerly occupied by giant kelp. 接替过程
在塔斯马尼亚海岸附近，海藻林受到多种因素的显着影响。海洋生态系统专家克雷格约翰逊
说，森林的消失“几乎可以肯定是气候变化的结果”。 EAC 带来了温暖的海水，与以前沿海
地区通常的冷水相比，这些海水也缺乏营养。普通海带（Ecklonia radiata）在氮储存方面比
巨海带更好，因此已经接管了以前被巨海带占据的地区。
On exposed coasts, however, the inner limit of large Macrocystis beds is usually at 7 to 10
m depths and is apparently controlled by wave action. The outer limit of Macrocystis beds
in California coastal waters usually occurs at depths of 10 - 20 m. The depth range may
increase to 25 - 30 m in very clear waters around offshore islands. Presumably the lower
depth limit is governed by the bottom illumination required to sustain development of the
microscopic gametophytes and small sporophytes. The deepest adult plant ever observed
by the author was 40.2 m beneath the surface at Punta Banda, Mexico, an area of
extremely clear water.深度
在裸露的海岸上，大型巨囊藻床的内部界限通常在 7 至 10 m 深，显然受波浪作用控制。
Macrocystis 的外部界限加利福尼亚沿海水域的床通常发生在 10 - 20 m 的深度。在近海岛
屿周围非常清澈的水域中，深度范围可能会增加到 25 - 30 m。据推测，深度下限由维持微
观配子体和小孢子体发育所需的底部照明控制。作者所观察到的最深的成年植物位于墨西哥
蓬塔班达的地表以下 40.2 m，这是一个水质极其清澈的地区。