Q1.
(a)
In humans there are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.
The table below gives statements about cell division.
Tick ( ) one box in each row to show if the statement is true for mitosis only, for
meiosis only, or for both mitosis and meiosis.
The first row has been done for you.
Mitosis
only
Statement
Meiosis
only
Both
mitosis
and
meiosis
How cells are replaced
How gametes are made
How a fertilised egg undergoes cell division
How copies of the genetic information are
made
How genetically identical cells are produced
(4)
(b)
Stem cells can be taken from human embryos.
In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced that has the same genes as the
patient.
(i)
Name one source of human stem cells, other than human embryos.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii)
Stem cells from embryos can be transplanted into patients for medical
treatment.
Give one advantage of using stem cells from embryos, compared with cells
from the source you named in part (i).
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q2.
The nervous system allows a person to detect stimuli.
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(a)
Draw one line from each stimulus to the sense organ that detects the stimulus.
(2)
Moving a hand away from a hot object is an example of a reflex action.
(b)
What is a reflex action?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(c)
A muscle in the arm moves the hand away from the hot object.
How does the arm muscle do this?
Tick (✓) one box.
The muscle contracts.
The muscle expands.
The muscle relaxes.
The muscle shrinks.
(1)
Two students investigated the effect of drinking coffee on reaction time.
This is the method used.
1. Student A holds a metre rule just above student B’s hand, as shown in Figure 1.
2. Student A lets go of the metre rule.
3. Student B catches the metre rule as quickly as possible.
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4. Student A writes down the reading from the scale on the metre rule.
5. Students A and B repeat steps 1-4 another four times.
6. Student B then drinks a cup of coffee.
7. After 15 minutes, students A and B repeat steps 1-5.
Figure 1
The table below shows some of the results.
Test
1
2
3
4
5
Reading from scale on metre rule in cm
Before drinking coffee After drinking coffee
18
10
21
14
15
12
19
Figure 2 shows the results after drinking the coffee for tests 3, 4 and 5
Figure 2
(d)
Complete the table.
Use results from Figure 2.
(2)
The students made the following conclusion:
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‘Drinking coffee speeds up reactions.’
(e)
Give evidence from the table above to support the students’ conclusion.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(f)
The students’ conclusion may not be valid.
Suggest two improvements the students could make to their method.
1 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q3.
Endocrine glands produce hormones.
(a)
Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive thyroid gland.
Suggest what would happen in the body of a person with hyperthyroidism.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(b)
Describe the roles of FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(c)
The combined pill is a contraceptive that contains progesterone and oestrogen.
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The ‘mini-pill’:
•
is a contraceptive that only contains the progesterone hormone
•
has to be taken at the same time each day to prevent pregnancy.
The success rate of the mini-pill in preventing pregnancy is lower than that of the
combined pill.
Explain why missing a dose of the mini-pill would reduce the success rate of the
mini-pill.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 9 marks)
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Mark schemes
Q1.
(a)
Mitosis only
Meiosis
only
Both
mitosis
and
meiosis
How cells are
replaced
How gametes
are made
How a fertilised
egg undergoes
cell division
How copies of
the genetic
information are
made
How genetically
identical cells
are produced
if more than one tick per row then no mark
ignore first row
1
1
1
1
(b)
(i)
(adult) bone marrow
accept (umbilical) cord blood, skin, amniotic fluid /
membrane
1
(ii)
cells will not be rejected by the patient’s body (if they have been
produced by therapeutic cloning)
allow easier to obtain linked to embryo stem cells
or
(embryo stem cells) can develop into many different types of cells
allow doesn’t need an operation linked to bone marrow
or
(embryo stem cells) not yet differentiated / specialised or undifferentiated
accept embryo cells are pluripotent
1
[6]
Q2.
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(a)
additional lines from a stimulus negates the mark
for that stimulus
2
(b)
any two from:
1
•
•
fast / rapid
protect (from danger / harm)
•
a response / a reaction
ignore ‘action’
automatic / involuntary or not under conscious control
allow not coordinated by conscious part of the
brain
or
allow does not involve thought / thinking
ignore not coordinated by the brain
1
•
(c)
the muscle contracts
1
(d)
(10)
(14)
8
11
13
in this order
all 3 correct = 2 marks
2 correct = 1 mark
0 or 1 correct = 0 mark
2
(e)
(after drinking coffee) ruler falls less far (before being caught)
allow mean before = 17 and mean after = 11(.2)
or mean after is only 11(.2)
allow (ruler is) caught more quickly
1
(f)
any two from:
•
more repeats
•
test more students
•
use ruler with more precise scale – e.g. mm scale
ignore accurate
•
drop from same height (above the hand)
•
make sure student B’s hand is stationary
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•
same distance between finger(s) and thumb
allow alternative method – e.g. use of computer
to measure reaction time
2
[10]
Q3.
(a)
Too much thyroxine is released into the blood
1
which raises BMR
1
causing increase in formation of glycogen / lipids / proteins
or
increase in rate of respiration
or
increase in breakdown of excess proteins
1
(b)
FSH causes eggs to mature and stimulate ovaries to produce oestrogen
1
LH stimulates the egg to be released
1
(c)
(missing a dose causes a) dip / drop in progesterone levels
1
(therefore) FSH is not inhibited anymore
1
(therefore) LH is not inhibited anymore
1
(and consequently) an egg is matured and released
allow (and consequently) an egg is available to be fertilised
1
[9]
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