Name: Maria Tahir Subject:Child development Assignment-1 Topic:‘Certain primitive reflexes have to be lost to gain voluntary control’ ♦ In the light of statement,Analyze the course of neonatal reflexes and their impact on child development. ♦ 1000 to 1200 words In reaction to certain stimuli, primitive reflexes are reflex responses originating in the central nervous system that are displayed by normal newborns but not neurologically healthy adults. The development of the frontal lobes as a kid progresses healthily through childhood suppresses these responses. Infantile, baby, or newborn reflexes are other names for these basic reflexes.[1] Many issues can arise if the basic reflexes stay engaged. What happens if the Primitive Reflexes persist? The Primitive Reflexes can obstruct social, intellectual, and motor learning if they are preserved past the first year of life. Retained primitive reflexes are recognized to contribute to the symptoms and amount of dysfunction in children with learning difficulties, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and other neurodevelopmental diseases.[2] A multitude of causes can lead to the retention of primitive reflexes. Because the birth process is so important in the integration of these reflexes, a traumatic birth experience or a C-section delivery might result in retained reflexes. Falls, traumas, a lack of tummy time, delayed or missed creeping or crawling, persistent ear infections, head trauma, and spinal subluxations are all possible reasons. Trauma, damage, poisons, and stress can cause fully integrated reflexes to reawaken later.[3] Moro reflex: By four months of age, the Moro reflex has been replaced by the adult startle reflex, which functions as a baby's primordial fight/flight response. If a child's Moro reflex is preserved after four months, he may become too sensitive and reactive to sensory stimuli, leading to poor impulse control, sensory overload, anxiety, and emotions, as well as social immaturity. Motion sickness, poor balance, poor coordination, being easily distracted, being unable to adjust effectively to change, and mood swings are all symptoms of a preserved Moro reflex. Palmer reflex: It involves the involuntary bending of fingers to grasp an item, should be fully integrated by six months. A youngster with the Palmer reflex may struggle with fine motor skills, stick out his tongue when writing, and have sloppy handwriting. Difficulty processing ideas on to paper. Poor posture and/or back pain when working at a desk or computer. [4] ATNR: When placing newborns on their backs and tilting their heads to one side, the asymmetrical tonic neck reaction (ATNR) is triggered. While the opposing side bends, the arm and leg of the side they're gazing at should lengthen. This response is a precursor of hand-eye coordination and should be gone by the age of six months. Spinal Galant reflex: When the skin along the side of a newborn's back is stroked, the infant will swing to that side. This response aids in childbirth and should be inhibited between the ages of three and nine months. It may impact a child's posture, coordination, attention, and ability to sit still if it persists. Bedwetting is linked to the retention of the Spinal Galant reflex. TLR: The Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR) provides the foundation for head control, and it helps a newborn prepare for rolling over, creeping, crawling, standing, and walking. When you put a newborn on their back and tilt their head backwards, their legs tighten, straighten, and their toes point. Elbows bend and hands become fisted. It should progressively merge as other systems mature, and by 3 1/2 years old, it should be completely gone. If the TLR is not removed, it can cause low muscle tone, toe walking, motion nausea, and poor balance. STNR: The symmetric tonic neck reflex (STNR) is a reflex that normally appears during your baby’s first year. It typically begins to diminish by the time they reach 9 to 10 months.Ithelps the baby transition from lying on the floor up to being able to creep/crawl. If it doesnot lost it causes poor posture, Wsitting and developmental delays,vision problems.if it remains it causes multiple neurological and physical developmental delays. Babkin reflex: The Babkin reflex explains different reactions to the application of pressure to both hands in newborn infants. Head flexion, head rotation, mouth opening, or a combination of these reactions may be seen in infants. It fades away as the youngster grows older. It might go away in as little as a year[5].When the Babinski reflex appears in a kid beyond the age of two or in an adult, it is frequently indicative of a central nervous system disease. Walking/Stepping Reflex: Even though newborns this young cannot support their own weight, the walking or stepping reflex is present at birth. They will try to walk by putting one foot in front of the other when their soles touch a level surface. Around the age of two months, this reflex diminishes, and newborns begin to attempt to walk. This might suggest that the baby's motor development is behind or deteriorating.[6] Rooting Reflex: The rooting reflex is present from birth (age of appearance 28 weeks) and gradually fades away about four months of age when the child gains deliberate control. Breastfeeding is made easier by the rooting reflex. A newborn baby will tilt its head toward anything that touches its cheek or lips, rotating its head in steadily diminishing arcs until the object is located. After getting accustomed to reacting in this manner (about three weeks after birth if nursed), the child will move right to the object without seeking.[7] Children with eating disorders exacerbated by a Retained Rooting Reflex may have a continual need to eat, yet will be sensitive to textures. These are the ones that are always chewing on something plastic, drooling, or unable to make sentences properly. The tongue might protrude excessively far forward in the mouth due to the Retained Rooting Reflex. This might make it difficult for them to swallow and chew their meals. REFERENCES 1."Primitive & Postural Reflexes" (php). Retrieved 2008-10-23. 2.Fletcher, Mary Ann (1998). Physical Diagnosis in Neonatology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. p. 472. ISBN978-0397513864. Retrieved 7 February 2013. 3.http://www.brainbalancecenters.com/blog/2014/09/retained-primitive-reflexes-sign-brainimbalance/ Accessed July 2016. 4.Brain Fitness Strategies. Integrating Primitive http://www.brainfitnessstrategies.com/juggling-brain-development/rhythmicmovement/primitive-reflexes.html Accessed July Reflexes. 2016. 5.Pedroso, Fleming S.; Rotta, Newra T. (2004). "Babkin Reflex and Other Motor Responses to Appendicular Compression Stimulus of the Newborn". Journal of Child Neurology. 19 (8): 592– 596. 6.Siegler, R.; Deloache, J.; Eisenberg, N. (2006). How Children Develop. New York: Worth Publishers. p. 188. ISBN978-0-7167-9527-8. 7.Odent M. The early expression of the rooting reflex. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rome 1977. London: Academic Press, 1977: 1117-19.
